Main Flaws Research Articles

Religious conservatism, Islamic criminal law and the judiciary in Indonesia: a tale of three courts

This article discusses three Indonesian court cases decided in 2017 in which the interests of conservative Muslims were supported. In the first, the Constitutional Court was asked to expand the definition of various moral offences in the Criminal Code in line with Islamic conceptions of adultery and same-sex intercourse. The Court was split five judges to four, with the majority accepting the need for definitional expansion but rejecting the case on jurisdictional grounds, and the minority accepting the petitioners’ arguments and endorsing an increased role for religion in constitutional adjudication. In the second, the North Jakarta District Court convicted former Jakarta Governor, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, for blaspheming Islam and sentenced him to two years’ imprisonment after a trial that appeared politically motivated. In the third, the Supreme Court was asked to consider the legal validity of the Qanun Jinayat – the Aceh Criminal Code – which adopts aspects of Islamic criminal law and procedure. Even though Code provisions appear to clearly violate human rights norms as reflected in international and Indonesian laws, the Supreme Court refused to hear the case, citing an unconvincing technicality. These three decisions do not bode well for the future of Indonesian pluralism. This article uncovers the main legal flaws in each decision and considers why these three different courts seem to have pursued similar goals in these cases.

Conscience in Early Modern English Literature. Abraham Stoll. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. Pp. ix+216.

<i>Conscience in Early Modern English Literature</i>. Abraham Stoll. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. Pp. ix+216.

Entre la bienvenida y el rechazo: la “Crisis de los refugiados” en Europa

Based on the massive influx of refugees in Europe during 2015 and 2016 the article sum-marizes the development for Germany. It reconstructs and explains the so-called miracle of September 2015 of a warm welcoming. Then it argues that the European Union developed a nice Common European Asylum System (ceas), but that it revealed its weaknesses and finally broke down in light of the refugee movements of 2015. The main flaws of ceas are analysed. It is argued that it was mainly civil society and their organisational networks that ‘closed the gap’ between a nice regulative framework and the restrictive policy of member states that is characterised as ‘organised non-responsibility’. Finally, future challenges are discussed

A Challenge for Democracy

The European Union is now witnessing many real and concreates crises which are putting into question its own basis, among those, one the most urgent is doubtless the migration crisis. After a series of unsuccessful attempts to improve the conditions of the main receiving countries, the European Parliament and Council are now working on a new reform proposal to create a fairer and more balanced system. Nevertheless, many problems and legislative contradictions are still to be fixed. This paper tries to shed some light on the main legislative and administrative flaws of the European common asylum system.

Chinese Female Drug Users' Experiences and Attitudes With Institutional Drug Treatment.

With its rapid economic growth and the increased influence of Western culture, China has become a drug-consuming country. Forty-six semistructured interviews were conducted in a compulsory drug treatment institution to document Chinese female drug users' experiences with and attitudes toward two mandated treatment modalities: vocational training and educational activities. Detainees required to participate in first institutional treatment showed enthusiasm and had more positive attitudes; those who had entered the compulsory treatment facilities 2 or more times generally had a negative outlook on their pursuit of abstinence. Although female detainees achieved detoxification in the institution, many relapsed upon release to their community, indicating the institutional compulsory treatment model's failure to ensure long-term abstinence. By revealing four main flaws of the current institutional compulsory treatment, this study indicates the need for a comprehensive treatment system that combines improvements to institutional treatment and development of community-based treatment to address different stages of abstinence.

Combining usability evaluations to highlight the chain that leads from usability flaws to usage problems and then negative outcomes

Poor usability of health technology is thought to diminish work system performance, increase error rates and, potentially, harm patients. The present study (i) used a combination of usability evaluation methods to highlight the chain that leads from usability flaws to usage problems experienced by users and, ultimately, to negative patient outcomes, and (ii) validated this approach by studying two different discharge summary production systems. To comply with quality guidelines, the process of drafting and sending discharge summaries is increasingly being automated. However, the usability of these systems may modify their impact (or the absence thereof) in terms of production times and quality, and must therefore be evaluated. Here, we applied three successive techniques for usability evaluation (heuristic evaluation, user testing and field observation) to two discharge summary production systems (underpinned by different technologies). The systems’ main usability flaws led respectively to an increase in the time need to produce a discharge summary and the risk of patient misidentification. Our results are discussed with regard to the possibility of linking the usability flaws, usage problems and the negative outcomes by successively applying three methods for evaluating usability (heuristic evaluation, user testing and in situ observations) throughout the system development life cycle.

Unravelling the Quantum Maze

The restoration of philosophical realism as the basis of quantum mechanics is the main aim of the present study. A spontaneous projection approach to quantum theory previously formulated achieved this goal in cases where the Hamiltonian does not depend explicitly on time. After discussing the most relevant flaws of orthodox quantum mechanics, a formulation of the spontaneous projections approach in the general case is introduced. This approach yields experimental predictions which in general coincide with those of the orthodox version and overcomes its main flaws.

ANÁLISE DA USABILIDADE DE UMA PISTOLA SEMIAUTOMÁTICA

A pesquisa visa explorar os déficits apontados ultimamente pela mídia brasileira acerca da ”pistola PT 840, da Taurus”, principal ferramenta utilizada pelos agentes de segurança pública do país. A partir disso, utilizou-se técnicas da ergonomia e o do design para investigar minuciosamente os problemas de usabilidade, levantando, também, a percepção dos agentes sobre as suas pistolas. Ao final, apontou-se as principais falhas e os perfis de agentes que apresentam mais insatisfação e descontentamento com a PT 840 da Taurus.

Measuring Patient Acuity: Implications for Nurse Staffing and Assignment.

One of the more enduring traditions in nursing is to set staffing based on the midnight census. One of the main flaws of this approach is the underlying assumption that any point in the day, ostensibly midnight, can predict nursing care needs for patients in hospitals for the rest of the shift or fo

Stability analysis of different types of steel scaffolds

Scaffolds are temporary structures commonly used in construction to support various types of loads. Recently their collapse is becoming more common as shown by the number of accidents and injuries reported. The paper analyzes the main flaws and imperfections that could lead to the collapse of the scaffoldings. The study has been focused at the numerical level on three different types of steel scaffoldings: (i) joint tubes, (ii) multidirectional and (iii) prefabricated systems, which are commonly used in Italy. Several finite element simulations under different loading conditions on three types of steel scaffoldings have been performed, taking into account the imperfections during the assembly at the construction site, the base boundary conditions and the effects of lateral restraint arrangement. Finally, the study proposes an empirical formula to identify the critical load of different types of steel scaffoldings based on the number of story levels and the type of boundary conditions.

Comments on the current taxonomy of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae)

Since the first, and simplest, description of a species of the genus Brachycephalus Fitzinger 1826, by Spix (1824), an increasing number of informative traits has been investigated to facilitate species diagnoses, including those dealing with osteology (Izecksohn 1971), sexual dimorphism in body size (Alves et al. 2006), hyperossification of the skull and skeleton (Haddad et al. 2010) and advertisement call (Garey et al. 2012), plus traits from molecular data (Condez et al. 2016). However, the recent descriptions of nine species of Brachycephalus (see Pie &amp; Ribeiro 2015; Ribeiro et al. 2015; Bornschein et al. 2016) included inadequate diagnoses, which lacked indispensable information for any further comparisons among species. Herein, we intend to address the main flaws of these species descriptions and highlight the urgent need for a rigorous review of the genus Brachycephalus in order to assess the validity of these taxonomic proposals.

Quality of blood pressure measurement in community health centres

ObjectiveTo determine the quality of the blood pressure measurements performed during routine care in community health centres. MethodAn observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 private and public health centres in Maldonado, Uruguay, in July–August 2015. The observations were made during the measurements performed by health personnel, using the requirements established by the American Heart Association. An analysis was made on 36 variables that were grouped in categories related to environment, equipment, interrogation, patient, and observer. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test or Fisher test. Statistical significance was considered to be less than 5% (p<0.05). ResultsThe measurements were made by a registered nurse or nurse in 71% of cases, physician in 20%, and student nurse in 9%. An aneroid sphygmomanometer was used in 89%, and mercury 11%. Satisfactory results were found in variables related to environment (93%), equipment (99%), and patient attitude (82%), and intermediate in the attitudes of the operator (64%), and poor in relation to the interrogation (18%), with the mean of correct variables per measurement being 69%. ConclusionsThe main flaws in the procedure were the operator. The measurement of blood pressure is a manoeuvre that healthcare professionals perform thousands of times a year. If the measurement is used for the diagnosis and/or chronic management of arterial hypertension, not systematically applying the established recommendations leads to an inappropriate care of a very significant number of patients.

Anarchia międzynarodowa jako przykład funkcjonalnego systemu

The article presents international relations (or relations among nations) as based on a voluntarily accepted and previously negotiated agreements and treaties which form ground for a quite efficient and mostly peaceful anarchic system (order). Based on a libertarian political philosophy, supported by selected international relations theories, the article shows that even between the agencies of territorial monopoly on the use of force and decision making who are in possession of a military forces or weaponry of mass destruction there can exist peaceful and beneficial bilateral and multilateral contacts and relations based on the norms of the international law (characterized as norms and rules of behavior for governments with respect to relations with other governments), despite the fact that war is still one of the possible scenarios of a governmental action on the international arena. Furthermore it has been shown that, contrary to the arguments of some libertarian thinkers, weaponry of mass destruction even in the hands of governments can contribute to stabilizing the international system which proves that - from the libertarian point of view immoral and unethical entities - the States are capable of operating in the anarchic system in a very different manner than the authors like Thomas Hobbes would like to think, wrongly depicting anarchy as a permanent conflict of everyone against everyone, belli omnia conta omnes. In the conclusion main flaws and drawbacks of the anarchic international system are pointed out, however major advantages from the libertarian perspective of the system in question are raised as well.

GESTÃO DE STAKEHOLDERS (GS) NO GERENCIAMENTO DE PROJETOS (GP): CASOS MÚLTIPLOS SOB A LUZ DO PMBOK

No ano de 2013, o Project Management Institute (PMI) promoveu a inclusão de uma nova área de conhecimento destinada ao gerenciamento das partes interessadas ou stakeholders no Um Guia de Conhecimento em Gerenciamento de Projetos (PMBOK). Com isso, levantam-se questões sobre a importância desse tema e se existe a necessidade de trabalhar corretamente com os stakeholders para que o projeto seja eficaz e efetivo. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a importância da gestão das partes interessadas no gerenciamento de projetos. Buscou-se relacionar a gestão dos stakeholders com as principais falhas existentes durante a gestão de projetos, procurando descobrir se um inadequado gerenciamento das partes poderia contribuir para a incidência das mesmas. A coleta de dados em campo utilizado para obter as respostas consistiu na aplicação de um questionário eletrônico com perguntas abertas, elaborado a partir de revisão bibliográfica do tema. Sete experientes gerentes de projetos responderam ao questionário e, após a análise dos dados, identificou-se que se o gerenciamento dos stakeholders for feito corretamente pode minimizar problemas principalmente relacionados com a definição do escopo e, consequentemente, em outras áreas como prazo e custo. Conclui-se que a criação dessa nova área de conhecimento pelo PMI foi acertada e que os gerentes de projetos podem investir consideráveis recursos no gerenciamento das partes interessadas para que os escopos do produto e do projeto sejam bem definidos, e para que seja viabilizado o cumprimento do cronograma dentro do orçamento estabelecido.

The Essence and the Structure of Future Specialists’ Business Competence in Ukraine

For the younger generation business is the primary or secondary form of employment, which proves the urgency of business competence formation. Solution of this problem requires the theoretical studies and development of pedagogical conditions of future specialists’ business competence formation. Unfortunately, among the main flaws of modern professional training in Ukraine we can identify the low motivation for the expression of business initiative and insufficient level of formation of readiness for business activity (incorporated by the content of professional education) and the lack of implementation in the educational process the innovative forms and methods that creates controversy between modern professional education and needs of small and medium businesses. Based on the results of scientific research it was found that business competence of future specialists is a component of their professional competence. Analysis of publications dedicated to the abovementioned problem allows us to conclude: the future specialists’ business competence formation involves acquiring of economic knowledge and developing skills of their use that helps to solve business tasks by students; forming ability of the person to self-realization and self-development that leads to manifestation of making the business initiative. Indicators of business competence formation are: level of knowledge; future specialists’ positive attitude to business as a part of the Ukrainian economy; existence of business skills and elements of business culture; independence in applying professional knowledge and skills; readiness for making economically- reasonable decisions; awareness of responsibility for the quality of the business tasks doing.&#x0D; Further scientific research aimed at developing a technology of forming the future specialists’ business competence on condition of the realization the Program "Youth in business" in Kharkov Trade and Economic Institute of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economic.

Quality of blood pressure measurement in community health centres.

To determine the quality of the blood pressure measurements performed during routine care in community health centres. An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 private and public health centres in Maldonado, Uruguay, in July-August 2015. The observations were made during the measurements performed by health personnel, using the requirements established by the American Heart Association. An analysis was made on 36 variables that were grouped in categories related to environment, equipment, interrogation, patient, and observer. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi2 test or Fisher test. Statistical significance was considered to be less than 5% (p<.05). The measurements were made by a registered nurse or nurse in 71% of cases, physician in 20%, and student nurse in 9%. An aneroid sphygmomanometer was used in 89%, and mercury 11%. Satisfactory results were found in variables related to environment (93%), equipment (99%), and patient attitude (82%), and intermediate in the attitudes of the operator (64%), and poor in relation to the interrogation (18%), with the mean of correct variables per measurement being 69%. The main flaws in the procedure were the operator. The measurement of blood pressure is a manoeuvre that healthcare professionals perform thousands of times a year. If the measurement is used for the diagnosis and/or chronic management of arterial hypertension, not systematically applying the established recommendations leads to an inappropriate care of a very significant number of patients.

Model Clauses for the Exclusion of Public Services from Trade and Investment Agreements

The study develops and explains model clauses which could be used in international trade and investment agreements to exclude public services from the scope of these agreements in their entirety in a legally reliable manner. The study is based on the assumption that it would be best for the protection of public services if trade and investment agreements or the most contentious parts of these agreements would not apply to public services. The study is organized in three main parts: Section II provides a short overview of the current model of the European Union towards public services in trade and investment agreements and will explain its legal consequences. Subsequently, section III analyses the main flaws of this approach and will develop arguments why the complete exclusion of public services from trade and investment agreements could be seen as a “golden standard” for safeguarding the provision and organization of public services in in the EU. The main part of this study, section IV develops a model clause for the exclusion of public services. It will be shown that the major challenge is the definition of the notion of public services in a manner that does not preclude the future development of new public services and new models of providing or organizing them. The last section, section V, addresses potential challenges and criticism of the proposed model clauses and will briefly assess alternatives to the proposed model clauses.

The Long Shadow: The Lutcher-Stark Lumber Dynasty by Ellen Walker Rienstra and Jo Ann Stiles

Reviewed by: The Long Shadow: The Lutcher-Stark Lumber Dynasty by Ellen Walker Rienstra and Jo Ann Stiles Whitney A. Snow The Long Shadow: The Lutcher-Stark Lumber Dynasty. By Ellen Walker Rienstra and Jo Ann Stiles. (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2016. Pp. xvi, 600. $45.00, ISBN 978-1-4773-0871-4.) Extremely detailed and sourced with an impressive number of primary documents, this biography focuses on the family behind the Lutcher and Moore Lumber Company. The authors, Ellen Walker Rienstra, a historian under contract with the Nelda C. and H. J. Lutcher Stark Foundation, and Jo Ann Stiles, associate professor emerita at Lamar University, have divided this work into three parts that discuss and analyze the lives of Henry Lutcher, the company's founder, William Stark, Lutcher's son-in-law who diversified the company's holdings and embraced conservation, and Lutcher Stark, Henry Lutcher's grandson, a philanthropist and regent at the University of Texas. The thesis is very straightforward: "In the course of their lives, separately and together, these three generations significantly altered the course of the economic and cultural history of Orange, Southeast Texas, and the University of Texas" (p. xvi). Henry Lutcher, the son of German immigrants, created the Lutcher and Moore Lumber Company with Gregory Townsend Bedell Moore in 1868. By the late 1870s both men, recognizing the increasing need for uncut lands, looked to the South. Lutcher left Moore to operate their Williamsport, Pennsylvania, holdings and moved to Orange, Texas, in 1877. Though a northerner, Lutcher was a Democrat and easily assimilated into his new home. In addition to creating jobs, he and his family did much for the community of Orange. William Stark married Henry Lutcher's daughter Miriam Melissa [End Page 1000] Lutcher in 1888. Stark masterfully expanded Lutcher and Moore Lumber Company with diversified endeavors like the Yellow Pine Paper Mill Company, Orange Rice Mill Company, and the Vinton Petroleum Company. A diversified farmer and passionate conservationist, Stark sought to protect younger trees and advocated replanting. While the lives of Henry Lutcher and William Stark are thoroughly explored, the authors devote the bulk of the book to Lutcher Stark. The grandson of Henry Lutcher and son of William Stark, Lutcher Stark served almost twenty-four years on the board of regents at the University of Texas. His long tenure, including roughly twelve years as chairman, meant he was involved in a number of pivotal decisions relating to constructing Memorial Stadium and sanctioning oil revenue for a general university fund. Like his progenitors, Lutcher Stark was extremely charitable and donated substantially to the University of Texas and his hometown of Orange. He purchased a plane for the local hospital, built a country club, and opened an ornate garden to the public. This book provides an informative, sometimes humorous, and always human account of a family who dedicated much of their lives to aiding the community of Orange, Texas—first, by creating jobs and, later, by funding a church, school, and hospital, to name only a sampling. Rienstra and Stiles are to be commended for their efforts to place the Lutcher-Stark dynasty in the context of the Civil War, Reconstruction, World War I, the Great Depression, and World War II. The authors grant that some stories may be more myth than truth. For instance, they address the lore that the original German spelling of the name Lutscher was changed to Lutcher so as to better fit on a sign. Excerpts from letters are often amusing, such as one referencing Carrie Lutcher teasing her brother-in-law, William Stark, for balding prematurely. In another letter, Susannah Mitchell gave John Thomas Stark, William Stark's widowed father, a rather wry refusal to his abrupt marriage proposal: "as you have forgotten me this long I am willing to remain forgotten" (p. 74). Ironically, while much of the book revolves around Lutcher Stark, his maternal grandmother, Frances Ann Lutcher, paternal grandfather, John Thomas Stark, and third wife, Nelda Childers Stark, are described more vividly than the main characters. Due to the thematic chapters there is some repetitiveness, but given the number of family members discussed, such reminders are handy. The main flaws are...

Enrichment of Human-Computer Interaction in Brain-Computer Interfaces via Virtual Environments.

Tridimensional representations stimulate cognitive processes that are the core and foundation of human-computer interaction (HCI). Those cognitive processes take place while a user navigates and explores a virtual environment (VE) and are mainly related to spatial memory storage, attention, and perception. VEs have many distinctive features (e.g., involvement, immersion, and presence) that can significantly improve HCI in highly demanding and interactive systems such as brain-computer interfaces (BCI). BCI is as a nonmuscular communication channel that attempts to reestablish the interaction between an individual and his/her environment. Although BCI research started in the sixties, this technology is not efficient or reliable yet for everyone at any time. Over the past few years, researchers have argued that main BCI flaws could be associated with HCI issues. The evidence presented thus far shows that VEs can (1) set out working environmental conditions, (2) maximize the efficiency of BCI control panels, (3) implement navigation systems based not only on user intentions but also on user emotions, and (4) regulate user mental state to increase the differentiation between control and noncontrol modalities.

A Systematic Quality Evaluation of Meta-Analyses Related to Plastic Surgery.

Meta-analyses are considered to be an important source of evidence. This review aims to systematically assess the quality of meta-analyses addressing topics in plastic surgery. Electronic databases were selected for systematic review. A search was performed focusing on communication addresses containing terms related to plastic surgery, and detailed inclusion criteria were used. Related data were extracted and recorded according to the items of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. To assess the quality of the meta-analyses over time, studies published before and after PRISMA were evaluated. A total of 116 meta-analyses were included. There was 1 study that was fully in compliance with the PRISMA items. The main flaws impacting the overall quality of the included studies were in the following areas: structured summary (48%), protocol and registration (2%), full electronic search strategy (35%), risk of bias in individual studies (41%), additional analyses (27%), risk of bias within studies (47%), additional analysis (30%), and funding (47%). Study quality was evaluated using relative risks (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI); this revealed that there were few significant improvements in adherence to the PRISMA statement after its release, especially in selection (RR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.08-2.99), results of individual studies (RR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.41-5.91), synthesis of results (RR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.32-7.17), and funding (RR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.21-2.24). There have been measurable improvements in the quality of meta-analyses over recent years. However, several serious deficiencies remain according to the PRISMA statement. Future reviewers should pay more attention to not only reporting the main findings but also encouraging compliance with proper standards.