Main Factory Research Articles

Kierunki rozwoju we wzornictwie fajansu włocławskiego w latach 1945-1991

The article is an attempt to summarize the history of the faience industry in Wloclawek, which goes back to 1873 and ends in 1991. Before WW II the city had a few main factories active, most significant of them being ‘Teichfeld and Asterblum’ and ‘Leopold Czamański’. The war took its toll on the faience industry: after 1945 significant efforts were made to revive it after a long break. It was then that the Polish Institute of Industrial Design decided to start its cooperation with artists in an attempt to revive Polish craftsmanship and industrial design, sending artists to work at the factories and cooperate with industrial specialists. This resulted in a series of courses conducted for the factory painters in Wloclawek, led by Antoni Buszek and later Helena and Lech Grzeskiewicz; the artists taught the often highly-specialised in their craft painters the basics of composition, encouraging them to compose their own decorations based on the newly-acquired knowledge as well as their previous experience. The courses brought very good results and were a step on the way to revive the unique style of Wloclawek’s faience. It is only after WW II that the Włocławek faience gained autonomy as its own product, without trying to mimic (in terms of design) porcelain, which at the time had already dominated the market as a more durable and ‘noble’ material. Władysław Bortnowski, who was at the time the factory’s artistic director, decided that the only way to stay on the market was to make unique, hand-painted products which had different assets than porcelain. His idea was to bring back the hand-painted flower patterns that had been used in Wloclawek during the interwar period, and that many of the older workers could remember and recreate. The new ways of thinking about creative processes in Polish industrial design also inspired some new trends; one of them being the so-called ‘new-look’, a style that had successfully made its way to Włocławek’s factories as well. Even though the modern-type faience was produced for a little over a decade, it is considered to be a significant milestone in the factory’s development. The article underlines the importance of that strategic decision in the later development of the well-known style, which makes the factory’s products recognizable even today. The author also writes about the so-called faience Biennale, officially called that since 1973: the date marking the 100th anniversary of the faience industry in Wloclawek. 1973 was also the year of changes in the board structures of the factory. Working conditions were said to have worsened gradually, resulting in poorer quality products being released to the market. The period 1970–1980 also brought changes to the range of products sold, shifting the focus from table sets to decorative objects, such as figurines and vases etc. In the final pages the author tries to answer some questions, such as why the flower-patterned faience gained such popularity and what made the faience factory in Włocławek survive and flourish after WW II.

ANALISIS BIAYA PRODUKSI ES BALOK PADA PROFITABILITAS PENJUALAN PT PERIKANAN NUSANTARA (PERSERO) CABANG SORONG

The profitability of sales is one of the main goals of companies to measureperformance leadership or management in other words efficiency andeffectiveness of companies.The cost of my ingredients, how long it will last, and the cost of the factory headmust be calculated quickly. Especially the overheads factory which is oftenoverlooked in production calculations. In addition to the cost of the material andthe cost of the process, the costs include the cost of overhead mill electricity, thecost of shrinking, the cost of repairing the machine, and the maintenance of themachine. All costs must be calculated quickly because they affect the profitabilityof sales.This research took place at Jalan General Ahmad Yani Sorong No. 24 byusing a method of costing in establishing the profitability of the seller and usingthe deposit policy for the main factory price in the overhead charge that is chargedto each product.Based on the results of a comparative data analysis, the method of thecompany with the full costing method has different results in the profitability ofsales.

PENENTUAN LOKASI AGROINDUSTRI KOPRA DI KABUPATEN MENTAWAI DENGAN SIMULASI SISTEM DINAMIK

Mentawai Islands Regency is an area in West Sumatra with its main commodity of copra. Copra produced by farmers is sold to several collectors and copra is carried outside the Mentawai for further processing by other parties. This research recommends the government to establish a copra-based agroindustry unit and bring greater added value to the Mentawai people. For this purpose, the establishment of an agro-industry consisting of copra processing plants and a major copra warehouse was proposed. This main warehouse supplyis derived from warehouses that exist on every major island in the Mentawai Islands regency. Copra produced by farmers will be directly purchased and stored in copra warehouses on each island and then sent to the main warehouse and then subsequentlyprocessed at the copra processing plant. The proposal to determine the location of the agro-industry was decided by considering the logistical costs incurred for the delivery of raw materials to the main warehouse along the copra supply chain flow which included the cost of savings and shipping costs. Location selection was carried out with a dynamic system approach due complex inter-island supply systems with copra supply values depend on the time function. Dynamic system simulation was carried out with three scenarios of agroindustry locations, namely Siberut, South Sipora, and Sikakap Island. Simulation results showed that the establishment of the main factory and warehouse was established on Sipora Island because it generates the lowest total logistics costs.Keywords: location determination, copra, mentawai, simulation, logistic

Impacts of waste water from main factories on water quality of Tolich river, Hanoi

Waste water from industrial sites amount to one third of total waste water discharged into Tolich river and may have serious effects on the river water quality. With the total amount of waste water of factories (Hanoi beer alcohol and beverage joint stock corporation - HABECO, Trang An JSC and Thuong Dinh industrial park) of 45000 m3/day, these factories account for more than a half of total industrial waste water released into Tolich river. The analytic results of waste water from the main factories (HABECO, Trang An JSC, Thuong Dinh industrial park, Hanoi Soap JSC, Sao Vang Rubber JSC, Tool No.1 JSC) show that the parameters of TSS, BOD5, COD, total of nitrogen, total of phosphorus are higher than the Vietnamese standards for industrial waste water QCVN 24:2009/MONRE, column B, because the factory has an effective wastewater treatment system. The heavy metals parameters of waste water from all factories without treatment: HABECO releases 1974 tons of BOD, 766 tons of TSS, 8,4 tons of phosphorus and 52,5 tons of nitrogen annually; Trang An JSC releases 64,8 tons of BOD, 48,6 tons of TSS, 0,6 tons of phosphorus, 1,6 ton of nitrogen and 25 tons of oil and grease; HASO releases 30 tons of BOD, 33 tons of TSS and 5 tons of oil and grease. Thus, if the waste water is not treated, it can lead to a very seriously pollution of Tolich river.

Beryllium detection in the very fast nova ASASSN-16kt (V407 Lupi)

We present high-resolution spectroscopic observations of the fast nova ASASSN-16kt (V407 Lup). A close inspection of spectra obtained at early stages has revealed the presence of low-ionization lines, and among the others we have identified the presence of the ionised $^7$Be doublet in a region relatively free from possible contaminants. After studying their intensities, we have inferred that ASASSN-16kt has produced (5.9 - 7.7)$ \times 10^{-9}$ M$_{\odot}$ of $^7$Be. The identification of bright Ne lines may suggest that the nova progenitor is a massive (1.2 M$_{\odot}$) oxygen-neon white dwarf. The high outburst frequency of oxygen-neon novae implies that they likely produce an amount of Be similar, if not larger, to that produced by carbon-oxygen novae, then confirming that classical novae are among the main factories of lithium in the Galaxy.

Seismic performance evaluation of RC frame-shear wall structures using nonlinear analysis methods

To further understand the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) frame-shear wall structures, a 1/8 model structure is scaled from a main factory structure with seven stories and seven bays. The model with four-stories and two-bays was pseudo-dynamically tested under six earthquake actions whose peak ground accelerations (PGA) vary from 50[Formula: see text]gal to 400[Formula: see text]gal. The damage process and failure patterns were investigated. Furthermore, nonlinear dynamic analysis (NDA) and capacity spectrum method (CSM) were adopted to evaluate the seismic behavior of the model structure. The top displacement curve, story drift curve and distribution of hinges were obtained and discussed. It is shown that the model structure had the characteristics of beam-hinge failure mechanism. The two methods can be used to evaluate the seismic behavior of RC frame-shear wall structures well. What’s more, the NDA can be somewhat replaced by CSM for the seismic performance evaluation of RC structures.

一九二〇・三〇年代朝鮮の労務管理体制 : 小野田セメント平壌工場と本社工場の比較を中心に

一九二〇・三〇年代朝鮮の労務管理体制 : 小野田セメント平壌工場と本社工場の比較を中心に

Measuring Recovery to Build up Metrics of Flood Resilience Based on Pollutant Discharge Data: A Case Study in East China

Building “disaster-resilient” rather than “disaster-resistant” cities/communities requires the development of response capabilities to natural disasters and subsequent recovery. This study devises a new method to measure resilience via recovery capability to validate indicators from social, economic, infrastructural, and environmental domains. The pollutant discharge data (waste-water and waste-gas discharge/emission data) of local power plants, sewage treatment plants and main factories were used to monitor recovery process of both people’s living and local industrial production as the waste water/gas is released irregularly during the short disaster-hit period. A time series analysis of such data was employed to detect the disturbance on these infrastructures from disasters and to assess community recovery capability. A recent record-breaking flash flood in Changzhou, a city in eastern-central China, was selected as a case study. We used ordinal logistic regression to identify leading proxies of flood resilience. A combination of six variables related to socioeconomic factors, infrastructure development and the environment, stood out and explained 61.4% of the variance in measured recovery capability. These findings substantiate the possibility of using recovery measurement based on pollutant discharge to validate resilience metrics, and contribute more solid evidences for policy-makers and urban planners to make corresponding measures for resilience enhancement.

Gallot Fanny, 2015, En découdre. Comment les ouvrières ont révolutionné le travail et la société , Paris, La Découverte, 288 p.

Gallot Fanny, 2015, En decoudre. Comment les ouvrieres ont revolutionne le travail et la societe [Raring for a fight: How women factory workers revolutionized work and society in France], Paris, La Decouverte, 288 p.This work, which the author derived from her doctoral thesis, focuses on women factory workers hired in the late 1960s at a time when the French economy was still growing; many were laid off early in the 2000s, a time of de-industrialization and factory closures. Fanny Gallot's undertaking is ambitious: to reconstitute the contours of an entire generation of women workers using a socio-historical approach that is both cross-sectional and dynamic. Cross-sectional in that the analysis is not restricted to the factory world but extends to the continuous balancing act women had to perform between work and family life; dynamic in that studying a generation is a means not only of measuring changes in female factory work organization but also of tracking the experiences and demands of women working in conditions that grew constantly harsher over the period.Gallot draws primarily on an in-depth study of two companies: Chantelle, a maker of women's lingerie, and Moulinex, a home appliance manufacturer. The companies were distinct not just in terms of business sector and products but also the profile of their women workers. At Moulinex they were from rural farms in Lower Normandy, whereas at Chantelle, whose main factory was in the industrial region of Nantes, more were of working-class origin. Another major difference: whereas the Chantelle workforce was exclusively female, at Moulinex it was mixed. But despite the heterogeneity of these women's living, working and action conditions, the book is concerned to portray a shared experience, the collective culture of women factory workers. Hired as very young unskilled workers, these women aged together in the factory and experienced the same life events at the same ages. Their long careers at a single company ultimately created a feeling of attachment to the factory and its products. Strong ties were also created, though they do not seem to have withstood the shock of factory closures and restructuration very well.The materials used to study Moulinex and Chantelle (and a few other companies mentioned occasionally, such as Lejaby [another women's lingerie manufacturer]) are extremely varied. They include written sources (ministerial, company and union archives; feminist archives; women workers' own written accounts); oral sources (interviews with workers, some conducted by the author herself) and audio-visual sources (documentaries and fiction films). While events are viewed primarily through the women's eyes, source diversity enables the author to apprehend changes in public policy, management stances and union debates on female employment, as well as the difficult encounter between the feminist movement and women factory workers.Gallot combines analysis of class and gender positions. In the course of the twelve chapters, each focused on a different theme, she probes the social and gender-based divisions operative not only in factory work itself but also in union activism and the family sphere. She thus brings to light the range of constraints these women had to cope with: their confinement to relatively low-skilled, lowpaid jobs despite policies for promoting occupational equality; the devaluing of their skills, considered natural and remunerated less than men's; increasingly harsh working conditions, including work pace acceleration, permanent production uncertainties, paternalism and/or the rigidity of an almost exclusively male hierarchy; the physical discomfort that comes of performing the same movements and assuming the same positions all day long; sexual harassment by male superiors, considered an ordinary occurrence; the daily strain of organizing and doing both housework and paid work; the impediment to mobilizing represented by having a new house and a mortgage to pay off; possibly having a husband who did not look kindly on an activist wife who was spending less and less time at home, spoke out in public in some cases, and who kept company with other men when occupying factories. …

The Cooperative Relations and the Spatial Characteristics of the Industrial Ecosystem organized by Clothing Factories in Changshin-dong Seoul

This study is to identify spatial characteristics according to the nature of the business relationship among factories based upon partnerships on which Changshin-dong clothing industrys ecosystem is deeply rooted. First, the partnership was typed by kind of clothes and required process into four types of Main Factory type, 2nd Process Outsourcing type, Self-Completion type, Connection of within & out type finally to identify the relational characteristics and spatial characteristics of each type. Second, per cooperative relationship and spatial features for each type, trading period is inversely proportional to the distance between the factories meaning trade with adjacent factory is preferred. Third, Changshin-dong area has established many relationships and has strong networking as clustering clothing production site. Work and supply of staff is also formed by a human network, which is not one-time relationship, but strongly influence reputation and credit in the cluster. Therefore, when it comes to the restoration of Changshin-dong and vitalization of the region with civic center industry, the maintenance of social relations should be considered along with the improvement of the physical environment.

Pseudo-Dynamic and Quasi-Static Testing of an Irregular Steel Concrete Composite Frame with Wing Walls

This paper presents a series of pseudo-dynamic tests (PDTs) and quasi-static tests (QSTs) on a dual wing-walled frame system, represented here by a 1/7-scaled composite moment frame with steel reinforced concrete (SRC) columns and reinforced concrete (RC) wing walls. Special characteristics of this scaled system are irregular story layout, strong-beam weak-column mechanism and large axial load. A series of scaled El-Centro (NS) waves were used as the input ground motion for the PDTs, the results of which showed that the seismic behavior was significantly improved by the RC wing walls. With the strong-beam weak-column connections, severe damages sustained by the longitudinal wing walls (LWW) prevented the potential collapse of column, and the transverse wing wall (TWW) efficiently avoided the fragile shear failure of short columns and panel zone of beam-column joints. The failure mechanisms were identified indicating that wing walls improved the ductility for the bare frame. This study provides a solid experimental support on the evaluation of seismic behavior of irregular SRC frames with RC wing walls, which could be applied in the main factory buildings of thermal power plants (TPP).

Optimal Routing in Supply Chain Aimed at Minimizing Vehicle Cost and Supply

Abstract Transportation plays a vital role in supply chain. An inefficient transportation system disrupts supply chain and imposes severe damages to it. This paper investigates a transportation model with a limited number of vehicles with different capacities. The vehicles are used to handle raw and semi-finished materials from contractors’ warehouses to the main factories and to transport finished products to the warehouses of the distribution companies. The main purpose was to cover all transportation requests in a manner that it results in a reduced transportation cost, a reduced use of rental vehicles, and a reduced stopping duration of vehicle in destinations through the optimal use of available resources. In the considered model, first, a web-based system was designed in order to enable the registration of handling requests in the system with the purpose of compensating vehicle shortage. The handling requests are confirmed by drivers and transportation companies through SMS, email, and internet. Then, the proposed model performs network routing in order to completely cover the transportation network and to reduce transportation costs and vehicles stopping duration in destination. Finally, the model was run in different conditions, and the possibility of increasing vehicles with the purpose of reducing costs was studied.

Skipton-in-Craven: The Genesis of the Modern Town, 1865–1914

The catalyst for Skipton’s urban growth during the formative period of the modern town was investment linked to organizational change in cotton textiles, in the aftermath of the Cotton Famine. Railway investment also played an important part. Net in-migration, and internal redistribution of population necessitated by the extension of the central business district, were accommodated by speculative house-building to form colonies which were either aligned with or removed from the main factory sites. This gave rise to a distinctive pattern of social and spatial segregation, governed by the need for factories to have access to water for steam raising and condensing. The spatial development of Skipton after 1865 accords with well-established models of urban growth, as modified to fit the circumstances of a small textile town, and the study challenges the oral tradition that urban growth was constrained by the restrictive land policies of the Skipton Castle estate. It also challenges some traditional views about the location of steam-powered factories, the siting of middle-class suburbs, journey to work patterns, and the flight to the suburbs.

The Architecture, Chemistry, and Evolution of Continental Magmatic Arcs

Continental magmatic arcs form above subduction zones where the upper plate is continental lithosphere and/or accreted transitional lithosphere. The best-studied examples are found along the western margin of the Americas. They are Earth's largest sites of intermediate magmatism. They are long lived (tens to hundreds of millions of years) and spatially complex; their location migrates laterally due to a host of tectonic causes. Episodes of crustal and lithospheric thickening alternating with periods of root foundering produce cyclic vertical changes in arcs. The average plutonic and volcanic rocks in these arcs straddle the compositional boundary between an andesite and a dacite, very similar to that of continental crust; about half of that comes from newly added mafic material from the mantle. Arc products of the upper crust differentiated from deep crustal (>40 km) residual materials, which are unstable in the lithosphere. Continental arcs evolve into stable continental masses over time; trace elemental budgets, however, present challenges to the concept that Phanerozoic arcs are the main factories of continental crust.

Drug-Induced Liver Injury

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) refers to liver damage caused by over-the-counter and prescription drugs as well as herbal and dietary supplements. Hepatocytes, the main factory cells of the liver, are the primary targets of drug-related injury. During hepatocyte injury, loss of cell integrity results in a leak of liver contents, including a variety of enzymes, into the circulation. Currently, more than 1,000 drugs and herbal products have recognized hepatotoxic properties, with acetaminophen (APAP) being the most common cause of acute liver failure in the United States and amoxicillin-clavulanate the most common cause of severe liver injury worldwide. This review of DILI addresses the epidemiology, classification, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, common idiosyncratic drug reactions, unusual drug reactions, treatment, and prognosis, with special sections on APAP hepatotoxicity and the approval of prescription drugs by the Food and Drug Administration. Figures show histologic features of DILI, mechanisms of liver injury, genome-wide association study results for lumiracoxib, APAP metabolism, and the Rumack-Matthew nomogram. Tables list classification of DILI, features of idiosyncratic drug reactions, histologic patterns of DILI, haplotypes associated with specific drug-related disorders, and the Roussel-Uclaf causality assessment method. This review contains 5 highly rendered figures, 5 tables, and 54 references.

Improvment of Thermal Power Plant Construction Features and Technology

In thermal power engineering construction, the main building is a great project, in which the construction time, key engineering technology is difficult. It is also a wide range, strong professional structure of the system, it is closely related to the development of construction technology, the need to gradually improve building materials production level and engineering practice. Main factory building structure system to achieve light weight, high strength, reliable technology, economy applicable, expanding for dry operation, should be combined closely with plant production process, good solution can be achieved. Therefore, choose the main factory building structure, give full play to the bearing capacity of each structure, improve the level of main factory building design, construction technology ,to accelerate the progress of main building structure system plays an important role.

Upgrading Metallurgical Grade Silicon to Solar Grade Silicon

<p>he photovoltaics (PV) is a method of direct conversion of solar energy to electricity using semicon-ductor solar cells. In terms of globally installed capacity, PV remains third the most important renewable energy source after hydro and wind powers. 31.1 GW of PV systems were installed around the world in 2012 and up from 30.4 GW in 2011.There is a rapid growth of PV cell production and it is expected to increase further. However PV technology have to cost effective in comparison to hydro or wind powers and other sources of renewable energy. It has to reach the “grid parity” i.e. less or equal price for generated electricity <br />power. More than 85% of solar cells (SC) are made from solar grade silicon (SoGSi). SoGSi is produced by purification of metallurgy grade silicon (MGSi) which is produced by carbon recovering silicon from quartz. Also Quartz is an initial and essential material for obtaining SoGSi and SC. Rich resource of quartz <br />Sarykol located at southern part of Kazakhstan where the main factory for MG Si production «Каzsilicon» is situated. Upgrading of MGSi up to SoGSi consists is a number of technological steps and SoGSi is basis for PV industry. Therefore the cost of SoGSi determines the competitiveness of PV technology compared to <br />other energy sources. There are several chemical and metallurgical technologies for SoGSi production. This paper briefly describes these technologies and shows main advantages of metallurgical technologies based on slag refining (oxygenation). Considered technologies are the basis for industrial production of SoGSi, <br />solar cells with an efficiency of 15.8-17.1% and solar panels. The 1st power plant made from solar panels in Kazakhstan was launched in December 25, 2012 by «AstanaSolar» with a total capacity of 250 kW.</p>

Towards a Role-centric and Context-aware Information Distribution System for Manufacturing

ICT platforms, in the manufacturing context, provide a number of tools, such as sensors, wireless networks, mobile devices, MES, ERP and information management systems in order to support shop-floor and back-office personnel. There is a need for the vast amount of information gathered and generated by such ICT systems to be utilized in a manner that can truly speed up production processes and facilitate immediate reaction to issues and shortcomings. This study presents an ontology-based approach for context modelling that has been developed by taking into account the main factory objects such as products, processes, resources, production units and enriches them with context information. The proposed context ontology aims at defining a fundamental data model for context extraction in a manufacturing environment. Moreover, the concept of a generic architecture and the key components for role-based and context aware information distribution is also described. An industrial application scenario, for the proposed role-centric and context-aware architecture, is described.

Las harinas lacteadas en España (I): 1865-1965.

Revisión histórica sobre los orígenes de las harinas lacteadas y de su introducción en España. Se describen los productos comercializados y relacionan las principales empresas dedicadas a su elaboración y distribución hasta 1965. Por lo que a la composición de los productos se refiere, se observa un cierto grado de variabilidad en las fórmulas más antiguas y también la evolución de los ingredientes utilizados (aumento de hidratos de carbono solubles, mezclas de harinas, enriquecimiento de vitaminas y minerales, etc.) y de la calidad de los productos, gracias a la mejora de conocimientos sobre alimentación infantil y tecnología de alimentos. En relación con las empresas elaboradoras, destaca la existencia de un proceso de selección y concentración que se produjo hasta la década de los años 30, mientras que durante la siguiente, aparecieron nuevos elaboradores, algunos con una vida relativamente corta y otros que finalmente acabarían posicionándose en el mercado y son todavía activos en la actualidad.

Impact of pollution on macroinvertebrates biodiversity in Ismailia Canal, Egypt

This study was conducted to monitor the adverse effect of the drainage wastewater of three main factories on the macroinvertebrates biodiversity of Ismailia Canal. Water and benthos samples were collected seasonally during 2010 from 10 stations along Ismailia Canal from El-Mezalat to Abu Zaabal city.The results revealed that most of the physico-chemical parameters were within the permissible limits, although, Cairo Power station and Abu Zaabal factory are causing partial pollution. The community of macrobenthic invertebrates was represented by Mollusca (35.20 %), Annelida (33.62 %) and Arthropoda (31.18 %). Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Chironomus larvae were dominating the whole studied area (32% and 28.51% of total macrobenthos, respectively) and they are considered to be potential bioindicators for polluted ecosystem. Low species diversity and occurrence of pollution-tolerant species (e.g. Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Chironomus larvae) indicate that the water quality of the canal is deteriorated. A regular program for biomonitoring is recommended which will allow future changes and enhancing in this important ecosystem.