Main Experimental Groups Research Articles

Evaluation of Fracture Strength of Roots to Determine the Duration Limit of Activated Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid Irrigation for Intracanal Calcium Hydroxide Dressing Removal In Vitro

This study evaluated the effect of the use of EDTA solution at various intervals to remove intracanal calcium hydroxide medication on fracture resistance. One hundred and one extracted lower premolar teeth were randomly allocated into one control group (n = 5), two main experimental groups (CH(+), with calcium hydroxide dressing, and CH(−), without calcium hydroxide dressing), with four subgroups (EDTA intervals: 1 min, 3 min, 5 min, 10 min, n = 12). Ready-to-use injectable calcium hydroxide was used for the samples in the four CH(+) subgroups, and the samples were kept in an incubator at 37 °C and 100% humidity for seven days. All samples (CH(+), CH(−)) were irrigated with 17% EDTA, which was accompanied by activation with EndoActivator for 1, 3, 5, and 10 min, and then rinsed with 2.5% NaOCl in a standardized manner. The obturation was conducted using the warm obturation technique; experiments were conducted with a universal testing device, and their fracture strength was recorded. Compliance with the normal distribution was examined with ±2 skewness coefficients. Two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s, one-way ANOVA, and Dunnett’s tests were used for statistics (p < 0.050). A statistically significant difference was found between the mean values of the force between the groups (p = 0.009). The mean strength of the tooth at fracture that CH(−) was 401.7, CH(+) was 335.35. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean values of the forces according to time intervals (p = 0.387). While there was no significant difference among the experimental groups (p = 0.229), the mean fracture strength of the negative control group was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.001). The highest fracture resistance was observed in the nonprepared group. Irrigation with EDTA for up to 5 min showed more acceptable fracture resistance results than the other groups. Using calcium hydroxide significantly and negatively affected the root strength.

Evaluation of time-dependent ion-release and antibacterial activity of three adhesive resin cements

Aim This in-vitro study aimed to evaluate time-dependent ion-release and antibacterial activity of three self-adhesive resin cements. Materials and methods Sixty cement discs of the three tested self-adhesive resin cements were fabricated according to the manufacturer’s instructions in a plastic transparent mold, their dimensions were 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height. They were divided into three main experimental groups according to the self-adhesive resin cement type: group A (Thera-Cem), group B (G-Cem), and group C (RelyX Unicem 2) (20 each). Then, each main group was further subdivided into subgroup 1 (n = 10) for antibacterial assessment against Streptococcus mutans and subgroup 2 (n = 10) for ion-release assessment of fluoride and calcium. Direct contact test was used to monitor the bacterial outgrowth. Fluoride and calcium ions release were measured by ion chromatography and atomic absorption spectrometer respectively. All results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance then multiple comparison Tukey’s test. Results All the evaluated cements exhibited antibacterial effects against S. mutans; fluoride and calcium were released by all the three cements in varying concentrations after aging. Conclusion Based on the results of this in-vitro study and within its limitations, it can be concluded that self-adhesive resin cements seem to provide promising antibacterial and remineralizing effects as being bioactive materials.

Genotoxicity of bisphenol AF in rats: Detrimental to male reproductive system and probable stronger micronucleus induction potency than BPA.

Bisphenol AF (BPAF), as one of structural analogs of BPA, has been increasingly used in recent years. However, limited studies have suggested its adverse effects similar to or higher than BPA. In order to explore the general toxicity and genotoxicity of subacute exposure to BPAF, the novel 28-day multi-endpoint (Pig-a assay + micronucleus [MN] test + comet assay) genotoxicity evaluation platform was applied. Male rats were randomly distributed into seven main experimental groups and four satellite groups. The main experimental groups included BPAF-treated groups (0.5, 5, and 50 μg/kg·bw/d), BPA group (10μg/kg·bw/d), two solvent control groups (PBS and 0.1% ethanol/99.9% oil), and one positive control group (N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, 40 mg/kg bw). The satellite groups included BPAF high-dose recovery group (BPAF-HR), oil recovery group (oil-R), ENU recovery group (ENU-R), and PBS recovery group (PBS-R). All groups received the agents orally via gavage for 28 consecutive days, and satellite groups were given a recovery period of 35 days. Among all histopathologically examined organs, testis and epididymis damage was noticed, which was further manifested as blood-testis barrier (BTB) junction protein (Connexin 43 and Occludin) destruction. BPAF can induce micronucleus production and DNA damage, but the genotoxic injury can be repaired after the recovery period. The expression of DNA repair gene OGG1 was downregulated by BPAF. To summarize, under the design of this experiment, male reproductive toxicity of BPAF was noticed, which is similar to that of BPA, but its ability to induce micronucleus production may be stronger than that of BPA.

Comparison of the sealing ability amongst orthograde apical plugs of mineral trioxide aggregate plus, mineral trioxide aggregate repair HP, and Biodentine after root resection: a bacterial leakage study.

This study aimed to analyse the effect of root-end resection on the sealing ability of orthograde apical plugs of three root-end filling materials (MTA Repair HP, Biodentine, MTA Plus) using the bacterial leakage method and compare it with the retrograde root-end filling technique. Eighty-four extracted mandibular premolar teeth with single root and single straight canals were selected and randomly divided into two main experimental groups (n = 36) depending on the apical plug placement technique and a control: Group I: orthograde technique, followed by root-end resection; Group II: retrograde root-end filling technique; one control Group III (n = 12): obturation with gutta-percha, followed by root-end resection. Experimental groups were further subdivided into three subgroups A, B, and C (n = 12) depending on the three different root-end filling materials used. An apical plug of 3mm thickness was obtained in both the experimental groups. The apical sealing ability was evaluated with the dual-chamber bacterial leakage method. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis test. By the end of 30days, the occurrence of turbidity indicating bacterial leakage was 75% in MTA Repair HP, 83.3% in Biodentine, and 91.7% in MTA Plus samples. This trend of turbidity was similar in both orthograde and retrograde technique. The control group showed turbidity in all the samples (100%). More MTA Repair HP samples (25%) survived the 30days observation period with no bacterial leakage compared to Biodentine (16.7%) and MTA Plus (8.3%). The sealing ability of already set root-end filling materials placed through the orthograde technique did not deteriorate after root-end resection. Also among three root-end filling materials, MTA Repair HP presented the lowest bacterial microleakage followed by Biodentine and MTA Plus, respectively.

Immunostimulant potential of Moringa Oleifera leaves alcoholic extract versus Oregano Essential Oil (OEO) against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in broilers chicks

The current study was conducted to evaluate the immunoenhancement effect of Moringa oleifera leaves alcoholic extract (MOLE) versus Oregano essential oil (OEO) against cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppression in broilers chicks. A total of a three hundred one-day-old chicks were assigned randomly into three main dietary groups, control, MOLE, and OEO for 14 days. After 14 days the three main experimental groups were subdivided into six groups, control, cyclophosphamide, MOLE, MOLE and Cyclophosphamide, OEO, and OEO and cyclophosphamide. Each group of these six groups was subdivided into three subgroups. Supplementation of broiler chicks with MOLE and OEO for 14 days significantly increased body weight compared to the control group. However, injection of broiler chicks with cyclophosphamide significantly induced body weight loss, impaired immunological response represented by decreasing total leukocytic count, differential leukocytic count, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, and hemagglutinin inhibition titer for New Castle disease virus, lymphoid organs depletion, and increased the mortality rate. In contrast, supplementation of cyclophosphamide treated chicks with MOLE and OEO significantly reduced cyclophosphamide induced body weight loss and impaired immunological responses, as it showed significant increase in body weight, total leukocytic count, differential leukocytic count, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, and hemagglutinin inhibition titer for New Castle disease virus, lymphoid organs proliferation, and reduced the mortality rate. This study indicated that MOLE and OEO supplementation ameliorated cyclophosphamide induced body weight loss and impaired immunological responses.

Optimization of anastomotic technique and gastric conduit perfusion with hyperspectral imaging and machine learning in an experimental model for minimally invasive esophagectomy

IntroductionEsophagectomy is the mainstay of esophageal cancer treatment, but anastomotic insufficiency related morbidity and mortality remain challenging for patient outcome. Therefore, the objective of this work was to optimize anastomotic technique and gastric conduit perfusion with hyperspectral imaging (HSI) for total minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) with linear stapled anastomosis. Material and methodsA live porcine model (n = 58) for MIE was used with gastric conduit formation and simulation of linear stapled side-to-side esophagogastrostomy. Four main experimental groups differed in stapling length (3 vs. 6 cm) and simulation of anastomotic position on the conduit (cranial vs. caudal). Tissue oxygenation around the anastomotic simulation site was evaluated using HSI and was validated with histopathology. ResultsThe tissue oxygenation (ΔStO2) after the anastomotic simulation remained constant only for the short stapler in caudal position (−0.4 ± 4.4%, n.s.) while it was impaired markedly in the other groups (short-cranial: −15.6 ± 11.5%, p = 0.0002; long-cranial: −20.4 ± 7.6%, p = 0.0126; long-caudal: −16.1 ± 9.4%, p < 0.0001). Tissue samples from avascular stomach as measured by HSI showed correspondent eosinophilic pre-necrotic changes in 35.7 ± 9.7% of the surface area. ConclusionTissue oxygenation at the site of anastomotic simulation of the gastric conduit during MIE is influenced by stapling technique. Optimal oxygenation was achieved with a short stapler (3 cm) and sufficient distance of the simulated anastomosis to the cranial end of the gastric conduit. HSI tissue deoxygenation corresponded to histopathologic necrotic tissue changes. The experimental model with HSI and ML allow for systematic optimization of gastric conduit perfusion and anastomotic technique while clinical translation will have to be proven.

Bonding performance and ultramorphology of the resin-dentine interface of contemporary universal adhesives.

This study aimed at evaluating the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and the resin-dentine ultramorphology (24h and 10months ageing) of contemporary universal adhesives applied in self-etch (SE) or etch-and-rinse (ER) mode. Sixty-four sound human molars were collected and randomly allocated in 4 main experimental groups (n = 16) according to the adhesive system employed and subsequently divided into two subgroups depending on their application mode SE or ER (n = 8): ZipBond X (ZBX-SE; ZBX-ER), Prime and Bond Active (PBA-SE; PBA-ER), Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CBQ-SE; CBQ-ER) or Scotchbond Universal (SCH-SE; SCH-ER). The specimens were cut into sticks with a cross-sectional area of approximately 0.9 mm2 and subjected to μTBS testing at 24h or after 10months of ageing in artificial saliva (AS). Five representative fractured specimens from each group were analysed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Resin-dentine slabs (Ø 0.9mm2) from each experimental group were immersed in Rhodamine B and subsequently analysed using confocal microscopy analysis (CLSM). The μTBS results were analysed using a two-way ANOVA and Newman-Keuls multiple-comparison test (α = 0.05). ZBX, PBA and SCH exhibited greater μTBS values than CQB at 24h in both SE and ER modes (p < 0.05). CQB showed a significant decrease in μTBS values after ageing both when used in SE and ER mode (p < 0.05). ZBX-ER exhibited no significant differences in the μTBS test after ageing (p > 0.05), while a significant drop in μTBS was seen in SCH-ER and APB-ER after 10-month ageing (p < 0.05). Clear signs of degradation were evident in the resin-dentine interface created with CQB regardless of the application mode or the ageing time. In APB-ER and SCH-ER groups, such signs of degradation were evident after ageing in AS. ZBX showed slight dye infiltration both when used in ER and SE mode. The long-term bonding performance of modern universal adhesives is usually influenced by the adhesive strategy employed; self-etching application should be prioritised during dentine bonding. Moreover, the use of shortened bonding protocols may compromise the quality of the resin-dentine interface and the bonding performance of most modern universal adhesives. The use of etch-and-rinse bonding procedures, as well as "shortened" application protocols should be eluded when using modern universal adhesives in dentine. However, new generation universal adhesives based on innovative chemical formulations may probably allow clinicians to achieve long-term bonding performance with such simplified system also when employed in ER mode.

Do different time intervals in placement of restorative materials over calcium silicate cements, affect interface microhardness of different restorative materials?

Objectives: The type of materials and application time of final restorations on calcium silicate cements (CSCs) are important factors which influence the interfacial properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different placement time of RMGI (Resin Modified Glass Ionomer), composite resin and amalgam over different CSCs on the surface microhardness of these restorative materials.Methods: Each CSCs material (Biodentine, MTA, CEM cement) was mixed and carried into a hole (6mm diameter ×4 mm thickness) in the center of 270 molds (n=90 /each CSC). Then these molds were randomly divided into three main experimental groups (n=30) in regard of restorative materials (Amalgam, RMGI, Composite) that were placed in the other molds with the same hole size to make restorative materials and CSCs in contact together. Afterwards, each experimental group was divided into three subgroups according to the time interval of restoration placement that was immediately, after 24h and after 72h (n=10). Two molds were separated from each other after one week storage in incubator with 100% humidity in 37 °C, in order to evaluate the Vickers microhardness of restorative materials in CSC-restorative material interface. Statistical analysis included two-way Anova followed by Post hoc Dunnett T3 in cases with lack of homogeneity and Tukey HSD in cases with homogeneity.(p=0.05)Results: The microhardness of all restorative materials was neither significantly influenced by the CSCs materials (p&gt;0.05) nor by the timing of final restoration (p&gt;0.05) except in RMGI in immediate contact with CEM cement. (p&lt;0.001)Conclusion: Restorative materials hardness in interface with studied CSCs may not affect. This in vitro study found no evidence against immediate definitive restoration over CSCs.

Fish diet supplemented with Yemeni Zeolite improves growth performance and reduces lead toxicity in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus )

The applications of natural products in aquaculture to improve fish production and modulate toxic undesired effects of heavy metals represent a global environmental demand. In this study, fish diets supplemented with natural zeolite (Clinoptilolite) were evaluated for their ability to improve growth and alleviate the deleterious effects of lead acetate in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Four main experimental groups were used: one control group that fed on diets supplemented with 0% zeolite and three treatment groups received 1%, 3% and 5% zeolite. After 45 days of feeding, zeolite treatments resulted in a positive effect on weight gain (WG) with a significant reduction in water ammonia levels. Following feeding experiment, the control group was divided into two groups. All zeolite-treated groups and one of the control groups (Control +ve) were subjected to lead (Pb) toxicity for additional 21 days, while the other control received no Pb (Control –ve). Exposure to Pb significantly decreased protein and albumin on one hand and increased glucose, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) on the other. Elevation of hepatic catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were also detected. In contrast, zeolite feeding before and during Pb exposure showed an increase in protein and albumin levels, and a decrease in glucose, cholesterol, ALT, AST, CAT, SOD and TAC levels. Moreover, zeolite decreased Pb residues in muscles and increased it in kidneys. All in all, the data presented indicate that zeolite can improve the growth performance in Nile tilapia and increases fish resistance to undesired effects associated with Pb toxicity.

ADVANCE STUDIES ON MICROPROPAGATION OF DATE PALM.

Date palm is one of the most important fruit crops in the present and past, as the cultivated areas increase due to its high economics and grown in most lands and its tolerance to difficult conditions and therefore the demand for its offshoots was abundant. This study aimed to micropropagate date palm cultivar Amri through direct organogenesis, improving the growth of plantlets and establish a protocol for photoautotrophic and photomixotrophic as a new micropropagation system in order to obtain highest success percentage and lowest the loss percentage in the acclimatized plantlets during the acclimatization stage, this was done by performing two main experimental groups In-vitro and Ex-vitro Where the effect of different concentrations of auxins, cytokinins and AC. during the direct organogenesis stage was studied, as well as the study of some substances affecting the growth and improvement of plants during the elongation and rooting stages, such as the use of different concentrations of CNTs, spirulina platensis algae extract and Kafom-Cu, PEG and SiO2 and Kafom-Mg. The effect of ventilation rates in cultivation vessels with different concentrations of sucrose in the rooting medium and under CO2 enriched conditions (photoautotrophic and photomixtrophic) or under normal conditions for micro-propagation in the in vitro during the rooting and pre-acclimatization stages in addition to the acclimatization stage were studied in which different systems were studied. For greenhouse cultivation, it also affects different alcohol sugar concentrations of sorbitol and salicylic acid concentrations. Anatomical and chemical studies were also conducted on the best treatments during the rooting and pre-acclimatization stages. The following results were obtained: Adding 0.2 mg l-1 2,4-D + 0.12 mg l-1 NAA + 0.12 mg l-1 IAA + 0.1 mg l-1 2iP + 0.15 mg l-1 BA + 0.5 g l-1 AC to the cultivation medium encouraged the formation of direct shoots. While planting the plants on a medium containing MS added to 20 mg l-1 of spirulina extract increased the length of the shoots, the addition of K-Mg at 1.2 mg l-1 to the rooting medium achieved the highest values ​​of vegetative growth parameters and root system, with the plantlets and media free from contamination. Addition of SiO2 at 20 mg l-1 improved the trunk thickness. It also showed the use of the rate of ventilation 4 holes in the planting pot + 15 g l-1 of sucrose added to the rooting medium under the conditions of enriched with CO2 at 1500 ppm achieved the highest growth vigor and the highest percentage of survival and increased the content of the leaves of amino acids and reducing sugars and their content of Chlorophyll a + b. cultivation plantlets in mixture of Peat moss with Perlite (1: 1 v / v) plus 3 g/pot Barbary-Plante with foliar spray and watered by sorbitol at 30 g l-1 plus salicylic acid at 40 mg l-1 gave the highest values ​​for survival percentage, leaf width and growth vigor (91%, 2.73 cm, 4 respectively).

Effect of Stocking Density, Dietary Vitamin D3 and Probiotic Supplementation on Carcass Traits and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chickens

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of stocking density, dietary supplementation of probiotic and Vitamin D3 on carcass yield and blood biochemistry of broiler chickens. A total number of 360 unsexed broiler chicks (Evian), one-day old, nearly similar in live body weight were used in this study. Chicks were randomly divided into equal 12 treatments in a 2X3X2 factorial arrangement experiment. Birds were allocated in two main experimental groups (each of 180 birds), the first main group kept under normal stocking density (LSD) with 10 birds /m2 and the second main group kept under high stocking density (HSD) with16 birds/m2. Each main group was divided into three groups (each of 60 birds) fed on diets supplemented with probiotic at a levels of 0, 1 and 2 g/kg diet, respectively. Each group divided into two sub-group (each of 30 birds) and supplemented with fed vit.-D3 at a level of 250 and 500 IU/kg diet, respectively. Results obtained showed that raised broiler chickens under LSD had significantly improved absolute and relative carcass, giblets and total edible weight Moreover, it has significantly increased plasma total protein, albumin (A), globulin (G), cholesterol, triglyceride and it has decreased plasma transaminase enzymes of AST and ALT, compared with those rose under HSD. Broiler chicks fed on diet supplemented with probiotic at level of 2 g/ kg diet showed higher plasma total protein, albumin and A/G ratio, cholesterol and triglycerides than those fed on the other levels of probiotic supplementations. While, it has recorded lowest plasma AST and ALT levels, compared with the other experimental groups. Feeding broiler chickens on high level of Vit.-D3 (500 IU/ Kg diet) has significantly increased plasma protein fractions and decreased plasma AST and ALT levels, compared with those fed diet supplemented with low level of Vit.-D3 (250 IU/Kg) that caused significant decreased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides. Finally, it could be recommended to apply LSD (10 birds/ m2), high level of Vit.-D3 (500 IU/ Kg) and probiotic at a level of 2 g/ kg diet to improve carcass yield and blood biochemistry of broiler chickens.

The effects of root canal perforation repair materials on the bond strength of fiber posts.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of calcium hydroxide and bioceramics used in perforation repair on the bonding strength of fiber posts via a push-out test. This study used 106 extracted single-rooted human mandibular premolar teeth. Root canal preparations were performed with a rotary file system and perforations were created in the middle third of each tooth. The samples were randomized into two main experimental groups, one with calcium hydroxide and one without. Each group had four subgroups in which different bioceramic cements were applied (n = 11) and a control group (n = 9). The root canals perforations were repaired using MTA, Biodentine, Bioaggregate, and Endosequence BC root repair material. A fiber post was applied to each tooth and a push-out test was performed. The samples were examined at 40× magnification with a digital microscope in order to identify fracture type. Bonding strength was calculated in MPa. A statistical analysis showed that the calcium hydroxide had no effect on the bonding strength of the fiber posts. A comparison of the perforation repair materials revealed that Biodentine in the calcium hydroxide group and Bioaggregate in both groups decreased the bonding strength compared to the other materials (p < 0.05). The most common failure type was adhesive failure between the dentin and resin cement (38.16%). The use of different perforation repair materials can affect the bonding strength of fiber posts. Therefore, the choice of perforation repair material should be made on an individual basis.

Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles activated by photodynamic therapy in infected root canals.

Root canal disinfection includes mechanical, chemical and biological struggle against microorganisms (MOs). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and nanoparticle (NP) agents may be proposed as an alternative for use against intracanal infections due to their ability to disrupt biofilm and prevent bacterial adhesion to dentin. The use of NP agents in combination with light/photosensitizer (PS) agents increases the efficiency of PDT in root canal disinfection. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of light application - PDT - on the antibacterial activity of the combination of a PS agent (toluidine blue O -TBO) and an NP agent (silver nanoparticles - AgNPs) for the disinfection of the root canals inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). In this study, concentrations of 20 ppm of TBO and 10 ppm of AgNPs, which showed the highest antibacterial activity against E. faecalis in the TBO/AgNPs combination, were used according to the preliminary studies. After instrumentation, 120 human, single-rooted, straight-canal mandibular premolars of a standard length of 13 mm were contaminated with bacteria, and experimental procedures were conducted against 21-day-old mature biofilm. The teeth were randomly divided into 5 main experimental groups: TBO/light; AgNPs; TBO/AgNPs; AgNPs/light; and TBO/AgNPs/light. Then, these main groups were divided into 2 subgroups each, according to the 2 application time periods (30 s and 60 s) (n = 10). The remaining 20 teeth constituted positive and negative control groups. The data was analyzed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test, and the Bonferroni correction. The NaOCl group provided a bacterial reduction that was higher than in all other groups in a statistically significant manner. Light application on the TBO/AgNPs combination was the group that provided the highest bacterial reduction after NaOCl. The photoactivation of the TBO/AgNPs combination led to an increase in the effect of PDT, and it has the potential to be used as an adjunct for disinfection of the root canal system.

Effect of Adding White Tea Leaves Powder (Camellia sinensis) to Broiler Chicken Diets on Some Biochemical Blood Parameters

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of white tea leaves powder (Camellia sinensis) on some biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. A total number of 360 one-day old unsexed broiler chicks (Ross 308) with similar average initial body weight were used. Chicks were randomly divided into two main experimental groups (each of 180 chicks). The 1st main experimental group was provided with normal water (NW) while the 2nd main experimental group was exposing to the oxidative stress by providing normal water with 0.5% of H2O2, each main experimental group was divided into four treatments (each of 45 chicks), with three replicates (15 chicks /replicate), according to feeding diets supplemented with white tea powder were (T1): chicks fed basal diet without adding white tea powder, while the second (T2), third (T3) and fourth (T4) group were chicks fed basal diet supplemented with 1, 2 and 3g white tea leaves powder/kg diet, respectively. The results obtained showed that broiler chicks provided by the normal water has the better biochemical blood parameters than those received the oxidative water. Broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with different levels of white tea leaves powder improve some physiological and biochemical blood parameters than control group. From the results obtained in this study, it could be recommended with feeding broiler chicks (Ross 308) on diet supplemented with 3g/kg feed and provided with normal water seemed to be adequate to achieve the favorable results for improve the biochemical and physiological parameters.

Influence of collagen membrane on bone quality in titanium mesh reconstructions-Study in rats.

New bone formation and tissue remodeling are the major challenges in implantology today. Titanium meshes have demonstrated reconstructive potential for vertical bone gain. However, the soft tissue healing is technically sensitive to the surgical procedure. The combined usage of collagen membrane and specification of the meshes may ensure greater predictability. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the influence of collagen membrane on the quality of the new bone formation in guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures with different titanium meshes. Twenty-eight Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four main experimental groups, according to mesh pore size inμm: Group P300 (titanium meshes, with 0.3-mm thickness and 3-mm pore size; n=7); Group P175 (titanium meshes, with 0.3-mm thickness and 1.75-mm pore size; n=7); Group P85: (titanium meshes, with 0.04-mm thickness and 0.85-mm pore size; n=7); Group P15: (titanium meshes. with 0.04-mm thickness and 0.15-mm pore size; n=7). The femurs of each animal were subdivided into test and control groups: Test: bovine bone graft associated with porcine collagen and collagen membrane was used; control: bovine bone graft associated with porcine collagen was used without association with collagen membrane. Bone quality evaluation by in vivo microtomography and histologic analysis were performed. Bone volume formation was similar between groups (P>0.05). However, the titanium meshes with pore size>1mm demonstrated higher mineral bone density in comparison with meshes with pore size<1mm (P<0.05), regardless of the combined usage of collagen membrane. All groups showed a spongy bone formation after 30days. Combined usage of collagen membrane in GBR procedures with titanium mesh did not show improvements in new bone quality in rat femur model. However, titanium mesh pore size specifications may influence bone quality.

Altered proximal tubule fatty acid utilization, mitophagy, fission and supercomplexes arrangement in experimental Fanconi syndrome are ameliorated by sulforaphane-induced mitochondrial biogenesis

The kidney proximal tubule function relies on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), thus mitochondrial dysfunction is characteristic of acute kidney injury (AKI). Maleic acid (MA) can induce an experimental model of Fanconi syndrome that is associated to oxidative stress and decreased oxygen consumption. Sulforaphane (SF) is an antioxidant known to protect against MA-induced AKI. The molecular basis by which SF maintains the bioenergetics in MA-induced AKI is not fully understood. To achieve it, rats were submitted to a protective scheme: SF (1 mg/kg/day i.p.) for four days and, at the fourth day, they received a single dose of MA (400 mg/kg i.p.), getting four main experimental groups: (1) control (CT), (2) MA-nephropathy (MA), (3) SF-protected and (4) SF-control (SF). Additionally, a similar protective schema was tested in cultured NRK-52E cells with different concentrations of SF and MA. In the animal model, SF prevented the MA-induced alterations: decrease in fatty acid-related oxygen consumption rate, OXPHOS capacity, mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψmt), and the activity of complex I (CI) as its monomeric and supercomplexes forms; the antioxidant also increased the activity of cytochrome c oxidase as well as mitochondrial biogenesis markers. Thus, SF prevented the MA-induced increase in fission, mitophagy and autophagy markers. In NRK-52E cells, we found that SF prevented the MA-induced cell death, increased mitochondrial mass and ameliorated the loss of Ψmt. We concluded that SF-induced biogenesis protects against mitochondrial dysfunction maintaining Ψmt, activities of mitochondrial complexes and supercomplexes, and prevents the extensive fission and mitophagy.

APPLICATION OF THE IMMUNOMODULATOR OF MURAMILEPEPTIDE LEVEL IN A COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT OF PURULENT-INFLAMMATORY SOFT TISSUE DISEASES WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and adaptive hyperinsulinemia affect the cells of the immune system, promote the development of metabolic immunosuppression, forming a stable immunological disorder. The degree and depth of immunopathological changes depend on the severity, duration of the disease and is a prognostic criterion for the development of complications in type 2 diabetes. The article presents the results of the study of the use of an immune stimulator of the muramilpeptide level in a comprehensive treatment of surgical complications of type 2 diabetes, namely, purulent-inflammatory diseases of the soft tissues. The objective of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of the domestic immunomodulator of the muramilpeptide level (Lysten) in a comprehensive treatment of patients with purulent-inflammatory diseases of the soft tissues against the ground of type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods. The analysis is based on the results of treatment of 148 patients, who comprised the main (72 patients) and control (76 patients) groups of the study. They were treated at the purulent-septic department of Vinnytsia Municipal Clinical Hospital in 2015-2018 and correlated with the main selection criteria. The article presents the results of clinical and laboratory examinations of blood. Results and discussion. In the study of the quantitative composition of leukocytes in the experimental groups, a significant difference was found in the absolute amount of leukocytes in the control and main experimental groups during the observation period. According to the results, a significant improvement of the cellular level of immunological status of patients was determined, namely, an increase in the dynamics of growth in the absolute number of leukocytes in the main experimental groups during observation with a decrease in the percentage of segmental neutrophils in the leukocyte formula of the main experimental group by 14.7 % in comparison with the control and reliable increase in the number of lymphocytes by 13.8 %. Conclusion. According to the results of the study, changes in the cellular chain of the immune system were found, which are significantly influenced by the local administration of the immune modulator of the muramilpeptide level: an increase in the dynamics of growth in the absolute amount of leukocytes, a decrease in the percentage of segmental neutrophils in the leukocyte formula, and an increase in the absolute amount of leukocytes.

Cardioprotective effects of Prolame and SNAP are related with nitric oxide production and with diminution of caspases and calpain-1 activities in reperfused rat hearts.

Cardiac tissue undergoes changes during ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) that compromise its normal function. Cell death is one of the consequences of such damage, as well as diminution in nitric oxide (NO) content. This signaling molecule regulates the function of the cardiovascular system through dependent and independent effects of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). The independent cGMP pathway involves post-translational modification of proteins by S-nitrosylation. Studies in vitro have shown that NO inhibits the activity of caspases and calpains through S-nitrosylation of a cysteine located in their catalytic site, so we propose to elucidate if the regulatory mechanisms of NO are related with changes in S-nitrosylation of cell death proteins in the ischemic-reperfused myocardium. We used two compounds that increase the levels of NO by different mechanisms: Prolame, an amino-estrogenic compound with antiplatelet and anticoagulant effects that induces the increase of NO levels in vivo by activating the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and that has not been tested as a potential inhibitor of apoptosis. On the other hand, S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), a synthetic NO donor that has been shown to decrease cell death after inducing hypoxia-reoxygenation in cell cultures. Main experimental groups were Control, I-R, I-R+Prolame and I-R+SNAP. Additional groups were used to evaluate the NO action pathways. Contractile function represented as heart rate and ventricular pressure was evaluated in a Langendorff system. Infarct size was measured with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride stain. NO content was determined indirectly by measuring nitrite levels with the Griess reaction and cGMP content was measured by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay. DNA integrity was evaluated by DNA laddering visualized on an agarose gel and by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick-End Labeling assay. Activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and calpain-1 were evaluated spectrophotometrically and the content of caspase-3 and calpain-1 by western blot. S-nitrosylation of caspase-3 and calpain-1 was evaluated by labeling S-nitrosylated cysteines. Our results show that both Prolame and SNAP increased NO content and improved functional recovery in post-ischemic hearts. cGMP-dependent and S-nitrosylation pathways were activated in both groups, but the cGMP-independent pathway was preferentially activated by SNAP, which induced higher levels of NO than Prolame. Although SNAP effectively diminished the activity of all the proteases, a correlative link between the activity of these proteases and S-nitrosylation was not fully established.

PECULIARITIES OF FUNCTIONING OF THE SYSTEM OF GLUTATHIONE AND GLUTATHIONE-DEPENDENT ENZYMES IN THE ORGANISM OF CHILDREN BORN PREMATURELY UNDER CONDITIONS OF PUERPERAL OXIDATIVE STRESS

PECULIARITIES OF FUNCTIONING OF THE SYSTEM OF GLUTATHIONE AND GLUTATHIONE-DEPENDENT ENZYMES IN THE ORGANISM OF CHILDREN BORN PREMATURELY UNDER CONDITIONS OF PUERPERAL OXIDATIVE STRESS

Bond strength durability of self-adhesive resin cements to zirconia ceramic: An in vitro study

Statement of problemHow contamination, cleaning, and artificial aging affect the bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to zirconia ceramics is unclear. PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the durability and bond strength of different self-adhesive resin cements to zirconia ceramics subjected to contamination, cleaning, and aging. Material and methodsA total 192 zirconia ceramic squares were airborne-particle abraded with 50 μm Al2O3 at a pressure of 100 kPa. The specimens were then divided into 4 main experimental groups (n=48) according to the type of self-adhesive resin. Specimens in the subgroups (n=16) were exposed to 3 different treatment methods: alcohol bath cleaning only, contamination with saliva and alcohol bath cleaning, and contamination with saliva and cleaning with Ivoclean followed by alcohol bath cleaning. Bonded specimens were stored in distilled water (37°C), either for 3 days with no thermocycling or for 150 days interrupted by 37500 thermocycles between 5°C and 55°C. After storage, the bond strength was determined using a universal testing machine. Results were analyzed statistically, using nonparametric tests. ResultsAfter saliva contamination, the tensile bond strength for all specimens decreased significantly (P<.001). Furthermore, after saliva contamination and during 150 days of water storage with thermocycling, all specimens debonded spontaneously. However, use of the cleaning medium (Ivoclean) significantly increased the tensile bond strength for almost all specimens (P<.05). ConclusionsSaliva contamination significantly negatively influenced the bond strength and durability to zirconia ceramic. Ceramic cleaning using Ivoclean significantly improved the bond strength to saliva contaminated zirconia ceramics.