ADVANCE STUDIES ON MICROPROPAGATION OF DATE PALM.

Abstract

Date palm is one of the most important fruit crops in the present and past, as the cultivated areas increase due to its high economics and grown in most lands and its tolerance to difficult conditions and therefore the demand for its offshoots was abundant. This study aimed to micropropagate date palm cultivar Amri through direct organogenesis, improving the growth of plantlets and establish a protocol for photoautotrophic and photomixotrophic as a new micropropagation system in order to obtain highest success percentage and lowest the loss percentage in the acclimatized plantlets during the acclimatization stage, this was done by performing two main experimental groups In-vitro and Ex-vitro Where the effect of different concentrations of auxins, cytokinins and AC. during the direct organogenesis stage was studied, as well as the study of some substances affecting the growth and improvement of plants during the elongation and rooting stages, such as the use of different concentrations of CNTs, spirulina platensis algae extract and Kafom-Cu, PEG and SiO2 and Kafom-Mg. The effect of ventilation rates in cultivation vessels with different concentrations of sucrose in the rooting medium and under CO2 enriched conditions (photoautotrophic and photomixtrophic) or under normal conditions for micro-propagation in the in vitro during the rooting and pre-acclimatization stages in addition to the acclimatization stage were studied in which different systems were studied. For greenhouse cultivation, it also affects different alcohol sugar concentrations of sorbitol and salicylic acid concentrations. Anatomical and chemical studies were also conducted on the best treatments during the rooting and pre-acclimatization stages. The following results were obtained: Adding 0.2 mg l-1 2,4-D + 0.12 mg l-1 NAA + 0.12 mg l-1 IAA + 0.1 mg l-1 2iP + 0.15 mg l-1 BA + 0.5 g l-1 AC to the cultivation medium encouraged the formation of direct shoots. While planting the plants on a medium containing MS added to 20 mg l-1 of spirulina extract increased the length of the shoots, the addition of K-Mg at 1.2 mg l-1 to the rooting medium achieved the highest values ​​of vegetative growth parameters and root system, with the plantlets and media free from contamination. Addition of SiO2 at 20 mg l-1 improved the trunk thickness. It also showed the use of the rate of ventilation 4 holes in the planting pot + 15 g l-1 of sucrose added to the rooting medium under the conditions of enriched with CO2 at 1500 ppm achieved the highest growth vigor and the highest percentage of survival and increased the content of the leaves of amino acids and reducing sugars and their content of Chlorophyll a + b. cultivation plantlets in mixture of Peat moss with Perlite (1: 1 v / v) plus 3 g/pot Barbary-Plante with foliar spray and watered by sorbitol at 30 g l-1 plus salicylic acid at 40 mg l-1 gave the highest values ​​for survival percentage, leaf width and growth vigor (91%, 2.73 cm, 4 respectively).