Main Energy Research Articles

Transcriptional expression of SLC16A7 as a biomarker of occult lymph node metastases in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Glucose is the main energy substrate of tumor cells. This study aims to assess whether the transcriptional expression of glucose metabolism-related genes is associated with occult lymph node metastases in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. We examined the transcriptional expression of a panel of glucose metabolism-related genes in a cohort of 53 patients with HNSCC without cervical lymph node involvement at the time of diagnosis (cN0) and subsequently treated with elective neck dissection. Occult lymph node metastases were found in 37.7% (n = 20) of the patients. Among the analyzed genes, SLC16A7 exhibited the strongest association with the presence of occult lymph node metastases. Patients with occult lymph node metastases (cN0/pN +) had significantly lower SLC16A7 expression values (p = 0.001). Patients with low SLC16A7 expression (n = 17, 32.1%) had a frequency of occult lymph node metastases of 76.5%, while for patients with high SLCA16A7 expression (n = 36, 67.9%) it was 19.4% (P = 0.0001). A multivariable analysis showed that patients with low expression of SLC16A7 had a 12.6 times higher risk of developing occult lymph node metastases. cN0 HNSCC patients with low SLC16A7 expression had a higher risk of occult lymph node metastases.

Analysis of Change in Summer Extreme Precipitation in Southwest China and Human Adaptation

This study analyzed the change in and mechanisms of summer extreme precipitation in Southwest China (SWC) during 1979–2021. The trend in summer extreme precipitation showed an evident interdecadal mutation in the late 1990s; it decreased during 1979–1996 (P1) and increased during 1997–2021 (P2). It is observed that the moisture flux in SWC is more abundant in P2 than in P1. The South Asian high (SAH) and western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) contributed to the change in extreme precipitation in SWC. Both the SAH and WPSH weakened in 1979–1996 and enhanced in 1997–2021. The enhanced SAH and WPSH are conducive to forming updrafts in SWC and transporting moisture from the Bay of Bengal (BOB) and South China Sea (SCS) into SWC. Further research found that the causes for the interdecadal variation of the SAH and WPSH are the anomalies of sensible heat flux (SSH) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical western Pacific–Indian Oceans. The SSH is the main energy source of troposphere air and an essential component of the surface heat balance because it can maintain the intensity and influence range of the SAH. The increasing SST stimulated strong upward motion and thus maintained the strength of the WPSH, which also made the WPSH extend westward into mainland China. This study also summarized local human adaptation to climate change. The use of advanced science and technology to improve monitoring and forecasting ability is an important measure for human society to adapt to climate change. At the same time, increasing the participation of individuals and social organizations is also an indispensable way to increase human resilience to climate change.

Analysis of subcellular energy metabolism in five Lacertidae lizards across varied environmental conditions

Aerobic respiration is the main energy source for most eukaryotes, and efficient mitochondrial energy transfer greatly influences organismal fitness. To survive environmental changes, cells have evolved to adjust their biochemistry. Thus, measuring energy metabolism at the subcellular level can enhance our understanding of individual performance, population dynamics, and species distribution ranges. We investigated three important metabolic traits at the subcellular level in five lacertid lizard species sampled from different elevations, from sea level up to 2000 m. We examined hemoglobin concentration, two markers of oxidative stress (catalase activity and carbonyl concentration) and maximum rate of metabolic respiration at the subcellular level (potential metabolic activity at the electron transport system). The traits were analysed in laboratory acclimated adult male lizards to investigate the adaptive metabolic responses to the variable environmental conditions at the local sampling sites. Potential metabolic activity at the cellular level was measured at four temperatures – 28 °C, 30 °C, 32 °C and 34 °C – covering the range of preferred body temperatures of the species studied. Hemoglobin content, carbonyl concentration and potential metabolic activity did not differ significantly among species. Interspecific differences were found in the catalase activity, Potential metabolic activity increased with temperature in parallel in all five species. The highest response of the metabolic rate with temperature (Q10) and Arrhenius activation energy (Ea) was recorded in the high-mountain species Iberolacerta monticola.

Energy response analysis and seismic isolation strategy optimization of high-speed railway bridge-track system under earthquake action

The formulation and optimization of a seismic isolation strategy is crucial for improving the seismic performance of high-speed railway bridge-track systems (HSRBTS) under earthquake action. In line with this proposition, therefore, this paper studies the seismic isolation strategy optimization of HSRBTS based on an energy response analysis. More specifically, the energy dissipation distribution of common and isolation HSRBTS under different earthquake strength levels is analyzed. The results show that when the peak ground acceleration (PGA) is greater than 0.3g, the seismic input energy of isolation HSRBTS is smaller than common HSRBTS. With the increase of PGA, the total proportion of hysteretic energy dissipation increases while the proportion of damping energy dissipation decreases in common HSRBTS, with the opposite being observed in isolation HSRBTS. Bearings and piers are the main hysteretic energy dissipation components for HSRBTS. Thus, in view of the energy dissipation requirements and structural characteristics of HSRBTS, this paper proposes an energy-based optimization principle. Under the existing isolation HSRBTS, the seismic isolation strategy is optimized to achieve a uniform distribution in hysteretic energy dissipation, while the effectiveness of the optimized seismic isolation strategy is submitted to further verification.

Mechanically ventilated classrooms in central Italy's heritage school buildings: Proposal of archetypes and CO2 prediction models

This study proposed a typological analysis to identify the archetypes of classrooms equipped with controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) in Italy and an experimental campaign on 58 typical classrooms to identify the main indoor microclimatic characteristics and CO2 concentrations. From the analyses carried out, general information was gathered on the heating systems and the main energy and acoustic improvements carried out in the schools. The typological analysis identified four different types of mechanical ventilation systems installed in three different classroom archetypes: wide, square and deep, with percentages of window area of 25 %, 30 % and 40 % respectively.The field measurement campaign showed that, in terms of CO2 concentration, mechanical ventilation was effective in the winter period, while in the mid-season and summer periods, natural ventilation was predominant due to the opening of windows by the occupants. Furthermore, in the case of manual control, incorrect use of the machine by the occupants, who reported noise-related problems or insufficient user training, resulted in CO2 levels above the recommended limits.Multivariate regressions developed for schools equipped with CMVs predicted maximum and average CO2 concentrations as a function of minimum and maximum indoor and outdoor temperatures with a significance (R2, correct) of 76 % and 83 % respectively.

Observation of off-axis solitary waves propagating along a specific trajectory in photorefractive crystals.

We report the propagation dynamics of swallowtail beams (SBs) within a photorefractive crystal. In the nonlinear regime, the self-accelerating and secondary self-focusing features of the swallowtail beams are influenced, and a solitary wave is generated. The main lobe energy of the swallowtail beams is guided to a specific inclined trajectory, leading to a stable solitary wave, and we control the output position of the solitary wave by changing the launch angle. Our results are supported by the corresponding experiments. In addition, we demonstrate that a Gaussian beam can be effectively guided in swallowtail optical waveguide structures. Our research represents an interesting interaction between the swallowtail beams and nonlinear medium, which may find potential applications in photonic integrated devices and optical information transmission.

SWINDU (Smart Farming dengan Wind Turbine) = Rancang Bangun Wind Turbine Sederhana berbasis ESP32 untuk Smart Farming Deteksi Kelembapan Tanah pada Sayuran Pokcoy

This research describes the design and implementation of a wind turbine system integrated with an ESP32 microcontroller to detect soil moisture in pakcoy vegetable plants. The main objective of this research is to create a sustainable solution that combines renewable energy with smart crop monitoring technology. The system uses a wind turbine as the main energy source that can generate electricity to operate the soil moisture sensor and DHT11 temperature sensor. The data obtained from these two sensors is used to measure and monitor the environmental conditions of pakcoy plants in real-time. The goal is to support the development of renewable energy, such as wind turbines, to address climate change and safeguard natural resources. Benefits include a reduction in the negative impacts of conventional energy and support for global efforts to address climate change. The methodology involves designing a wind turbine prototype, using temperature and humidity sensors, and integrating smart farming systems. The research also includes a research schedule. The results are expected to be an efficient prototype for generating electrical energy and a MitApp application for monitoring crop and wind energy data. This proposal is relevant to environmental and climate change issues and has the potential for a positive impact on sustainability and the environment.

Heat and mass transfer behavior in CMT plus pulse arc manufacturing

The metal transfer mode, temperature distribution, flow behavior, and microstructure characteristic in the process of cold metal transfer plus pulse (CMT+P) arc manufacturing were investigated by the in-situ observation and numerical simulation. A novel coupling model for droplet-pool interaction under the CMT+P arc was established, along with a new heat source model that considered Marangoni forces on droplets. These innovations provided significant insights into the heat and mass transfer mechanisms in the CMT+P hybrid arc manufacturing process. The results show that the droplets generated by the CMT+P hybrid arc exhibited a mixed transfer mode: short-circuit transfer in the CMT period and projected transfer of one droplet per pulse during the pulse period. The short-circuit transfer was more stable than the projected transfer, attributed to the smooth transfer of droplets to the molten pool through the liquid metal bridge, dominated by surface tension and Marangoni forces. The main energy of the molten pool was provided by droplets, which had a dominant ability to melt the substrate. However, the liquid metal bridge in the CMT period slowed down the heat transfer to the molten pool and had significant oscillating and stirring effects. During the pulse period, the droplet was accelerated and projected transfer by gravity and electromagnetic force. After solidification, the microstructure exhibited an alternating distribution of columnar and equiaxed grains from the bottom-up in the monolayer deposited layer, with a deflected fusion interface towards the scanning direction. At the top of the deposited layer, coarse columnar grains were distributed obliquely or laterally, inhibiting the growth of equiaxed grains and forming a distinct boundary with the equiaxed grains below.

Energy and Exergy Analysis of an Improved Hydrogen-Based Direct Reduction Shaft Furnace Process with Waste Heat Recovery

The traditional production mode using coal as the main energy source is not conducive to the sustainable development of the iron and steel industry (ISI). The hydrogen-based direct reduction shaft furnace (HDRSF) process is a feasible technical route for promoting the green development of the ISI. However, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis with respect to the energy utilization and process flow of the HDRSF method. To address these issues, a systemic material–energy–exergy model of HDRSF is established. An improved HDRSF process incorporating waste heat recovery is also proposed, and energy consumption intensity and exergy intensity are used as assessment metrics. This study’s findings indicate that the proposed waste heat recovery can considerably lower gas demand and energy consumption intensity, but exergy intensity has little effect. The reducing gas demand drops from 2083 m3 to 1557 m3, the energy consumption intensity drops from 2.75 × 107 kJ to 1.70 × 107 kJ, and the exergy intensity drops from 1.08 × 107 kJ to 1.05 × 107 kJ when the reducing gas temperature is 900 °C, H2:CO = 1:1; meanwhile, the recovery rate of waste heat reaches 40%. This study can serve as a reference for actual HDRSF process production.

Energy Analysis and Heat Integration in the Joint Process of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis and In Line Sorption Enhanced Steam Reforming.

Biomass Fast Pyrolysis and in line Steam Reforming (PY-SR) is promising alternative for H2 production. However, there are potential strategies for intensifying the process, such as capturing the CO2 in situ in the reforming step, which is so-called Sorption Enhanced Steam Reforming (SESR). Both PY-SR and PY-SESR were simulated using a thermodynamic approach and empirical correlations, and they were compared based on the energy requirements, H2 production, and H2 purity at different temperatures (500-800 °C) and steam to biomass (S/B) ratios (0-4). Then, the energy requirements for the PY-SESR were analyzed in detail for a reforming temperature of 600 °C and several S/B ratios, and a heat integration scheme was proposed, aiming at making the process thermally autosustained. Although the energy requirement of PY-SESR is always higher than that of PY-SR at the same reforming conditions, it allows the use of milder operating conditions, with the process performance being even better. Thus, PY-SESR outshines PY-SR, as it allows obtaining a higher H2 production (0.124 kgH2 kg-1 biomass vs 0.118 kgH2 kg-1 biomass) and H2 purity (98 mol % vs 67 mol %), with a lower energy requirement, and capturing the CO2 generated, thereby attaining negative emissions. The main energy demands of this process account for water evaporation and sorbent calcination. Nevertheless, a thermally autosustained PY-SESR process may be attained by recovering heat from the product streams, transferring heat from the reforming reactor to the pyrolysis reactor, and burning the char generated in the pyrolysis step.

Effect of blade profile on the hydraulic performance of a double-suction centrifugal pump as turbine based on enstrophy dissipation theory

Pump as turbine (PAT) is widely used in micro hydropower stations and chemical industries as an economical energy recovery device. The special impeller with forward-curved blades can significantly improve the efficiency of PAT and expand its high-efficiency range due to the suitable blade profile, which is more appropriate for PAT's operation mode than the backward-curved blades. To study the influence of the forward blade on a double-suction centrifugal PAT performance, three forward-curved blade schemes with different blade angle conditions are compared with the original backward-curved blade scheme. The three forward-curved blade schemes have the highest efficiency when the inlet angles are 60°, 90°, and 120°, respectively, and the appropriate blade outlet angle. The results showed that the forward-curved blade is suitable for high-flow rate operating conditions in double-suction centrifugal PAT. The PAT with a forward-curved blade impeller has higher efficiency and a broader high-efficiency region than the backward-curved blade impeller. The double-suction centrifugal PAT's main energy loss comes from the impeller's turbulent loss. The forward-curved blade reduces the impeller's turbulence loss and improves the PAT's efficiency at large flow rates. The research in this paper provides a theoretical basis for the design and application of double-suction centrifugal PAT.

The development characteristics and prospect of pumped storage power station as the main energy storage facility in China under the background of double Carbon

Abstract Intending to reach the peak of carbon and carbon neutrality, to become a global consensus, and to achieve the goal of “reaching the peak of carbon emissions before 2023 and carbon neutrality before 2060”, China proposed in March 2021 to construct a new power system with new energy as its core. For the realization of the above goals, the construction of a pumped storage power station is quite important, and it is the key to the realization of green and low-carbon energy transformation and has a crucial impact on the achievement of China’s “double carbon” goal. This paper first introduces the related concepts of dual-carbon background and pumped storage power stations. Then the development dynamics of the station in a period are analyzed to obtain its characteristics, such as wide distribution, fast construction, and variety. Finally, this paper puts forward and summarizes the suggestions and prospects of pumped storage power stations for China’s new energy growth.

Picosecond Laser Texturing of Al current collector to improve cycling performances and simplify recycling of Lithium-ion batteries

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are one of the main energy storage technologies currently in use and recycling them offers significant economic, environmental, and material recovery benefits. Despite various recycling processes, separating the metallic current collector from the electrode composite film remains a crucial challenge. In this framework, the present study focuses on laser texturing of aluminum current collectors (CCs) to introduce a microscale surface architecture. The asymmetric surface pattern facilitated a controlled and directional adhesion, enhancing attachment to manage the significant volume variation of the active material (NMC811) during charging and discharging cycles. Additionally, it enabled an easy separation of the electrode composite layer from the current collector, during recycling, by applying a force in a specific direction. As a result, the laser-treated cathodes displayed low electrode polarization and increased cycling performances, with a capacity retention of 67.6 % after 300 cycles at 1C, thanks to the increased interfacial adhesion that reduced the active material delamination from the current collector upon cycling.

Orientation-dependent electronic structure of Li2WO4 films epitaxial grown on LiCoO2 by spontaneous lithiation

Understanding and modulating the properties of materials requires a deep knowledge of their electronic structures. However, analysis of the electronic structure of a single material can be challenging, particularly for modified electrode materials, due to the complexity of mixed interface structures. In this study, we employ pulsed laser deposition (PLD) to epitaxially synthesize Li₂WO₄ (LWO) films on LiCoO₂ (LCO) layers with different orientations. Based on a series of high-resolution synchrotron-based techniques including X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), the electronic structure of LWO is carefully scrutinized where a higher main energy level of W5d(eg)-O2p orbitals hybridization in LWO/LCO(104) as compared to LWO/LCO(003) has been observed. This experimental finding is further validated by a comprehensive set of density of states calculations. Furthermore, detailed polarized XAS characterization unveils distinct anisotropy between the two oriented LWO configurations. This comprehensive scientific investigation, harnessing the capabilities of synchrotron-based techniques, provides invaluable insights for future studies, offering guidance for the optimized utilization of LWO as a solid-state electrolyte or modification layer for LCO cathodes in high-powered Li-ion batteries.

An optimal dispatch strategy of off-grid park integrated energy system considering source volatility

An off-grid integrated energy system (IES) with hydrogen storage at park-level is proposed, utilizing wind, solar and natural gas as the main energy supply to replace fossil fuels, in order to overcome the insufficient consideration of energy source conversion and information exchange in the traditional energy system. Firstly, an IES schematic consisted with typical devices is proposed, and all the components are modelled in detail. Then, based on the renewable energy (RE) input requirements and the facility parameters, an optimal dispatch model for multi-energy conversion based on hydrogen storage has been demonstrated. In addition, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is also introduced to improve the strategy. Combined with the environmental characteristics, the multi-objective solution with the lowest economic cost and environmental cost, the highest energy supply reliability and energy efficiency as the optimization objectives is determined. Finally, a case study is conducted using the practical data of the Chongli Large-Scale Wind-Solar Complementary Coupled Hydrogen Production System Application Demonstration Project to validate the feasibility of the study under real conditions. The result shows that the RE consumption rate is greater than 99 % under the premise of considering the environmental cost and ensuring the operation reliability, which can effectively improve the operation economy and user economy of the power grid

COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT CEREAL GRAINS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER STARTER CHICKENS

This study was designed to compare the effects of different cereal grains on growth performance of broiler starter chickens. In a completely randomized design, 225 ten-day-old Marshall broiler chicks were allotted 5 dietary treatments containing Yellow maize (YM), White maize (WM), Guinea corn (GC), Millet (ML) and Cereal Processing Offal's (CPO) as the main energy contributors. Each treatment comprised of 45 birds made up of 3 replicates of 15 birds. The study lasted for 18 days. Results showed that average daily feed intake (83.54, 79.50, 81.35, 74.82, 62.03g/day), average daily weight gains (38.95, 34.84, 34.89, 27.06, 26.09g/day), feed conversion ratio (2.14, 2.28, 2.33, 2.77, and 2.38) and feed cost per kilogram gain (₦ 237.54, 243.23, 270.97, 241.46 and 183.12) in that order respectively differed significantly (P<0.05) between dietary treatments. Birds fed diets containing maize as major source of energy were better than the birds fed the other treatments in growth performance. However, the birds fed diets containing cereal processing offal's were significantly (P<0.05) cheaper to raise compared to the other treatments. Therefore, cereal processing offal’s may be used solely or in combination with maize as major energy source in broiler starter diets for cost effective feeding.

Lactate-mediated mixotrophic co-cultivation of Clostridium drakei and recombinant Acetobacterium woodii for autotrophic production of volatile fatty acids

BackgroundAcetogens, a diverse group of anaerobic autotrophic bacteria, are promising whole-cell biocatalysts that fix CO2 during their growth. However, because of energetic constraints, acetogens exhibit slow growth and the product spectrum is often limited to acetate. Enabling acetogens to form more valuable products such as volatile fatty acids during autotrophic growth is imperative for cementing their place in the future carbon neutral industry. Co-cultivation of strains with different capabilities has the potential to ease the limiting energetic constraints. The lactate-mediated co-culture of an Acetobacterium woodii mutant strain, capable of lactate production, with the Clostridium drakei SL1 type strain can produce butyrate and hexanoate. In this study, the preceding co-culture is characterized by comparison of monocultures and different co-culture approaches.ResultsC. drakei grew with H2 + CO2 as main carbon and energy source and thrived when further supplemented with D-lactate. Gas phase components and lactate were consumed in a mixotrophic manner with acetate and butyrate as main products and slight accumulation of hexanoate. Formate was periodically produced and eventually consumed by C. drakei. A lactate-mediated co-culture of the A. woodii [PbgaL_ldhD_NFP] strain, engineered for autotrophic lactate production, and C. drakei produced up to 4 ± 1.7 mM hexanoate and 18.5 ± 5.8 mM butyrate, quadrupling and doubling the respective titers compared to a non-lactate-mediated co-culture. Further co-cultivation experiments revealed the possible advantage of sequential co-culture over concurrent approaches, where both strains are inoculated simultaneously. Scanning electron microscopy of the strains revealed cell-to-cell contact between the co-culture partners. Finally, a combined pathway of A. woodii [PbgaL_ldhD_NFP] and C. drakei for chain-elongation with positive ATP yield is proposed.ConclusionLactate was proven to be a well-suited intermediate to combine the high gas uptake capabilities of A. woodii with the chain-elongation potential of C. drakei. The cell-to-cell contact observed here remains to be further characterized in its nature but hints towards diffusive processes being involved in the co-culture. Furthermore, the metabolic pathways involved are still speculatory for C. drakei and do not fully explain the consumption of formate while H2 + CO2 is available. This study exemplifies the potential of combining metabolically engineered and native bacterial strains in a synthetic co-culture.

Rapid, Accurate, Ranking of Protein-Ligand Binding Affinities with VM2, the Second-Generation Mining Minima Method.

The structure-based technologies most widely used to rank the affinities of candidate small molecule drugs for proteins range from faster but less reliable docking methods to slower but more accurate explicit solvent free energy methods. In recent years, we have advanced another technology, which is called mining minima because it "mines" out the main contributions to the chemical potentials of the free and bound molecular species by identifying and characterizing their main local energy minima. The present study provides systematic benchmarks of the accuracy and computational speed of mining minima, as implemented in the VeraChem Mining Minima Generation 2 (VM2) code, across two well-regarded protein-ligand benchmark data sets, for which there are already benchmark data for docking, free energy, and other computational methods. A core result is that VM2's accuracy approaches that of explicit solvent free energy methods at a far lower computational cost. In finer-grained analyses, we also examine the influence of various run settings, such as the treatment of crystallographic water molecules, on the accuracy, and define the costs in time and dollars of representative runs on Amazon Web Services (AWS) compute instances with various CPU and GPU combinations. We also use the benchmark data to determine the importance of VM2's correction from generalized Born to finite-difference Poisson-Boltzmann results for each energy well and find that this correction affords a remarkably consistent improvement in accuracy at a modest computational cost. The present results establish VM2 as a distinctive technology for early-stage drug discovery, which provides a strong combination of efficiency and predictivity.

Rancang Bangun Mesin Espresso dengan Sistem Pre-Charge Pneumatic

The development of technology in the world is growing rapidly, so that technology is able to make everything that is done faster and more effective, such as technology that is developing in the coffee industry. Manual espresso machines are done using human power, so there are limitations to the power needed to make espresso in large quantities at once and lack of time efficiency. This pneumatic system allows for more responsive pressure control compared to manual systems. The Pneumatic Pre-Charge (PCP) system is a system that utilizes natural resources as its main energy source in renewable energy systems such as air. The method used to achieve a more optimal manual espresso machine is to use an experimental research method to test the performance of the espresso machine designed from a combination of a PCP system through empirical data collection to measure how efficient the machine is. The design process produces a manual espresso machine design which can then be developed into a espresso machine. Testing was carried out as many as 210 cycles and was divided into 3 stages of testing, namely a 360 cc cylinder capacity with a pressure of 2700 psi capable of pressing an average of 70 times, showing that the coarser the grind size of the coffee powder used, the time and pressure required will be reduced by requiring a pressure of 35 psi. From the results of this study, further testing is needed on the use of a PCP system espresso machine to validate its usefulness in supporting the needs of making espresso in the coffee industry.

Energy Management System for a Residential Positive Energy District Based on Fuzzy Logic Approach (RESTORATIVE)

There is a clear European Strategy to transition by 2050 from a fossil fuel-based economy to a completely new system based on renewable energy resources, with electricity as the main energy carrier. Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) are urban areas that produce at least as much energy as their yearly consumption. To meet this objective, they must incorporate distributed generation based on renewable systems within their boundaries. This article considers the fluctuations in electricity prices and local renewable availability and develops a PED model with a centralised energy storage system focused on electricity self-sufficiency and self-consumption. We present a fuzzy logic-based energy management system which optimises the state of charge of the energy storage solution considering local electricity production and loads along with the contracted electric tariff. The methodology is tested in a PED comprising 360 households in Bilbao (a city in the north of Spain), setting various scenarios, including changes in the size of the electric storage, long-term climate change effects, and extreme changes in the price of energy carriers. The study revealed that the assessed PED could reach up to 75.6% self-sufficiency and 76.8% self-consumption, with climate change expected to improve these values. On economic aspects, the return on investment of the proposal ranges from 6 up to 12 years depending on the configuration choice. Also, the case that boosts the economic viability is tight to non-business as usual (BaU), whichever event spiked up the prices or climate change conditions shortens the economic variables. The average bill is around 12.89 EUR/month per house for scenario BaU; meanwhile, a catastrophic event increases the bill by as much as 76.7%. On the other hand, climate crisis events impact energy generation, strengthening this and, as a consequence, slightly reducing the bill by up to 11.47 EUR/month.