Main Driver Of Growth Research Articles

Peptides, Modern Technology for Plant Defense Response for Sustainable Green Agriculture for Increasing worldwide populations

Peptides are short chains of amino acids that are the building blocks of chosen proteins. Peptides are a secure and efficient alternative to existing synthetic pesticides and insecticides. A constant and reasonable food supply is critical to the foundation of economic prosperity and growth in several countries. Innovations in fertilizers, pesticides, plant breeding, trait development, and improved farming methods are the main drivers of productivity and growth. India's per capita food prices are among the lowest in the world among healthcare, pharmaceuticals, animal nutrition, and plant nutrition. In current years, peptides have become widespread research targets in crop protection as antibacterial agents, immune inducers, plant growth regulators, insecticides, and herbicides due to their rich raw material sources, excellent activity, and supreme environmental compatibility. The present manuscript briefly introduces the advances in peptide research, provides an overview of peptide research in crop protection, and summarizes the utilization of peptides in crop protection and the prospects of peptides as green pesticides for agriculture and sustainable development for increasing populations.

The impact of China-US technological innovation, transportation, and power generation on energy, environment, and economic growth sustainability

China and the United States have the highest demand for fossil fuel energy for transportation and power generation, which promotes growth while also damaging the environment. Policymakers, and environmental scientists, are increasingly interested in understanding key strategies to improve energy efficiency to mitigate fossil fuel energy demand and sustain the environment and growth. In this context, this study uses augmented mean groups (AMG) and common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) estimators to reveal the impact of China-US technological innovation, transportation infrastructure, and power generation on fossil fuel energy demand and fossil fuel energy intensity from 1995 to 2020. Besides, the study examines whether fossil fuel energy use and fossil fuel energy intensity are the main drivers of carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) and economic growth. The analysis results show that technological innovation has a strong adverse influence on fossil fuel energy use, and fossil fuel energy intensity. Electricity generation, road transport infrastructure investment and aviation infrastructure investment have considerably contributed to fossil fuel energy use, and fossil fuel energy intensity. The construction of rail transit infrastructure has significantly alleviated fossil fuel energy demand, and fossil fuel energy intensity. Fossil fuel energy use and fossil fuel energy intensity significantly contribute to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and economic growth. However, technological innovation and renewable energy use can substantially reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, while making a considerable contribution to economic growth. Based on empirical investigation, this study provides a series of useful insights into the sustainable development goals of the Chinese and American economies.

РОЛЬ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА И ИНВЕСТИЦИЙ В ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЮ ЭКОНОМИКИ АФРИКИ

Digitalization of the economy is one of the main drivers of economic growth in the 21st century. For Africa, a continent with huge potential and a growing population, digitalization opens up new opportunities for development. However, significant investment and international cooperation are needed for a successful transition to a digital economy. The purpose of this article is to explore and analyze the impact of international cooperation and investment on the digitalization of the African economy, as well as to identify key barriers and offer recommendations for further sustainable development of the continent

Keynes and the Long Run — to ‘Live Wisely and Agreeably and Well’

ABSTRACT This paper revisits Keynes’s essay titled ‘The economic possibilities for our grandchildren’, featuring Keynes both as a growth theorist and a moral and social philosopher of capitalism. We discuss the three broader trends identified by Keynes that he expected would come to characterize the socio-economic evolution of advanced countries under capitalism: first, continued technological progress and capital accumulation as the main drivers of exponential growth in economic possibilities; second, a gradual general rebalancing of life choices away from work; and third, a change in the code of morals in societies approaching an envisioned stationary state of zero net capital accumulation in which mankind has solved its economic problem and enjoys a lifestyle predominantly framed by leisure rather than disutility-yielding work. We assess actual outcomes by 2024 and attempt to peek into the future economic possibilities for this generation’s grandchildren.

Impact of Digital Marketing, Influencer, Live Features, and Reviews Shopee Purchase With Brand Image

The advancement of information and communication technology in the digital era has revolutionized various aspects of human life, including in the realm of business and marketing. Marketing activities that once relied on direct interaction between sellers and buyers have now shifted towards digital marketing that utilizes online platforms. Indonesia, as the largest economy in Southeast Asia, has made an e-commerce as the main driver of socioeconomic growth. Supported by a population of over 270 million people and ever-increasing internet penetration, the development of e-commerce in Indonesia has experienced rapid progress in recent years. This study aims to analyze the impact of digital marketing, influencer marketing, live features, and Online Customer Reviews on online purchase decisions on the Shopee platform with brand Image as an intervening variable. This research used a quantitative method with a data collection technique through an online questionnaire to 210 Shopee users in Indonesia. The measurement of construct validity and reliability was carried out using the measurement model (outer model). Then, the structural model (inner model) was used to test the model's strength, predictive ability, model significance, and the direct and indirect influence of independent variables on the dependent variable. The test tool employed SmartPLS 3.0. The results of this study indicate that the variables of Digital Marketing, Live Features, and Brand Image have a significant influence on Purchase Decisions on Shopee e-commerce. Furthermore, the variables of influencer marketing, live features, and Online Customer Review have a significant influence on Brand Image on Shopee e-commerce. Meanwhile, for the indirect influence, the variable live features have a significant influence on purchase decisions on Shopee e-commerce through Brand Image as an intervening variable.

Analysis of the dynamics of production and foreign trade of fish products in Russia. Prospects for the development of the industry in the context of economic sanctions

Purpose: based on long-term data on the dynamics of fish catches and foreign trade in fish products, as well as international comparisons of world fishing powers, analyze the prospects for the development of the domestic fishing industry in the new economic conditions of sanctions confrontation with the countries of the collective West.Method: used such methods of general scientific knowledge as analysis and synthesis, as well as comparisons, tabular and graphical methods.Novelty: a detailed assessment of the factors affecting the growth of domestic fishing and fish farming, including the development of the domestic fishing fleet, was made. The prospects for expanding the sale of fish products on world markets, including on the basis of data on current and prospective consumption in different regions of the world, were considered.Results: the study analyzed a number of sources, including FAOSTAT and Rosstat commodity resource balances, in terms of production, consumption and cross-border trade in fish products. It has been established that after 2014 own consumption and imports are declining, while exports, on the contrary, are gradually increasing. Thus, the main driver of production growth in the industry is expansion to foreign markets. In the context of strengthening anti-Russian sanctions policy, it is necessary to diversify the sales markets for Russian fish products, however, an outdated production base is a significant limitation for the development of the industry.

Intellectual capital as a driver of value creation in Serbian entrepreneurial firms

PurposeThis paper analyses the role of intellectual capital (IC) as a factor of the financial performance of entrepreneurial firms, which are recognized as the main drivers of economic growth and employment.Design/methodology/approachThe sample consists of 188 business owners from Serbia. The primary data are collected using the questionnaire, while the secondary data come from the annual financial statements of their companies. The elements of IC as independent variables are grouped into three components: human, structural and relational capital; sales revenue and operating profit CAGR (5y) are used as dependent variables, while company size and industry type are used as control variables. Statistical analysis involves factor and regression analyses.FindingsThe results reveal that IC components contribute to the long-term financial performance of entrepreneurial firms. Specifically, the following elements have positive effects on financial performance: knowledge of the entrepreneur, process improvement and organisational culture. On the other hand, entrepreneurs’ social skills and tenacity were found to have a negative impact on revenue and operating profit growth, while support from informal networks had a negative effect on the growth of sales revenue.Originality/valueThis study aims to fill a gap in the literature on the impact of IC on the financial performance of entrepreneurial firms.

Impact Of International Trade On Regional Economic Growth

This study aims to analyze the impact of international trade on regional economic growth through literature studies. International trade is one of the main drivers of economic growth in the era of globalization. Despite a significant increase in the volume of global trade, the distribution of benefits is not always evenly distributed across regions. Some regions with adequate infrastructure access and supportive economic policies experience rapid economic growth, while other less developed regions face limitations in taking advantage of international trade opportunities. This study shows that international trade contributes significantly to increasing Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), investment, and job creation, although these impacts depend on the readiness of infrastructure and the competitiveness of each region. Factors such as government policies and access to global markets also play a role in influencing the benefits obtained. This study recommends policies for infrastructure development and strengthening the competitiveness of local products to ensure that all regions can feel the optimal benefits of international trade. The results of this study provide direction for the government in formulating policies that encourage inclusive and sustainable economic growth at the regional level.

Adjusting Sowing Date and Seeding Rate for Cultivated Lentil to Contrasting Rainfall Conditions in a Semi-arid Region

Adjusting the sowing date and seeding rate of lentils are important practices, which largely affect plant performance and need greater focus under semi-arid conditions. Our study aimed to optimize the sowing window and plant density specific to dry and wet conditions. A two-year field experiment was carried out under dry and wet cropping seasons (2016/2017 and 2017/2018). Two commercial lentil varieties (Syrie229 and Idleb2) were sown at early (late October/early November), normal (December), and late (January) sowing dates and with low (90 seeds/m2), medium (120 seeds/m2) and high (150 seeds/m2) seeding rate. Several traits were recorded namely plant height at first filled pod (HFFP), plant height (PH), days to flowering (DTF), days to maturity (DTM), stem diameter (SD), weight of 100 seeds (100-SW) and seed yield (SY). Our results revealed that the dry year considerably reduced all trait values except the weight of 100 seeds compared to the wet year. Sowing date had a significant effect on most traits, with the highest values being found for early sowing date compared to normal and late dates, including seed yield (1.83 vs. 1.36 and 0.94 ton/ha, respectively). It is worth noting that the difference among sowing dates was detected only under wet years for most traits. The seeding rate affected only HFFP and stem diameter under a wet year, where a high seeding rate increased HFFP while a low seeding rate increased stem diameter. To conclude, cropping season was the main driver of growth and yield, and then the effect of sowing date was dependent on climatic conditions. Our results highlight the importance of adjusting the sowing window and seeding rate to cope with the future climatic change effects.

Pengaruh Sektor Pariwisata Alam terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Sumatera Utara tahun 2012- 2022

This study looks at how the natural tourism industry in North Sumatra has influenced the region's economic growth between 2012 and 2022. Based on secondary data assessed using a simple linear regression approach, this research concludes that the natural tourism industry has had a significant and beneficial impact on local economic growth. Research findings show that any growth in the natural tourism industry will significantly increase North Sumatra's Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). In addition, this research found that one of the main drivers of job creation and income growth for local communities is the nature tourism industry.

The Influence Of Job Evaluation On The Wage Bill In Public Sector Organizations

Public service is the main driver of growth for most developing countries. It is a key component because it facilitates the delivery of services to the citizens. However, despite the efforts to grow the economy and deliver quality services, there are challenges with the costs associated with ever-increasing public sector wages. Although a well-paid public sector could be more efficient, the wage bill should be maintained at fiscally sustainable levels to enable the achievement of development goals. Kenya like other developing countries has been grappling with the management of costs associated with wages in the public sector, which were growing at an alarming rate. This is mainly because of the large number of employees, arbitrary determination of wages and implementation of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010. This study will seek to examine the influence of human resource strategies for managing the public sector wage bill in Kilifi County, Kenya. The study will particularly focus on human resource strategies such as job evaluation, total rewards, and performance-related pay and their influence on the management of the public sector wage bill in public sector organizations within Kilifi County. These public sector organizations are expected to be implementing these strategies although the degree of implementation may be varying. The study will, therefore, seek to find out the extent to which their application influences the management of the wage bill costs to a manageable level. The study will also examine the theories associated with wage management. The theories of equity, efficiency wage, and public sector motivation will be examined to determine their influence on the management of wages in the public sector. Questionnaires will be developed and self-administered to the human resource management professionals in the public sector organizations. This will enable the Researcher to capture perceptions of the application of these strategies in their organizations. Their in-depth understanding of the human resource strategies being studied will be useful to the study. The study design will be a survey of the 52 government organizations within Kilifi County thus the target population for the survey will be a census of the 52 public sector organizations. The sampling method applied will be purposive thus the HR professionals will be the respondents. The data collected will be analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) which will be used to establish the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The findings of the study will be presented in the form of tables, charts and statistical measures such as an analysis of variance

Analysis of Synergistic Drivers of CO2 and NOX Emissions from Thermal Power Generating Units in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region, 2010–2020

Synergistic control of the emissions of air pollutants and CO2 is critical to the dual challenges of air quality improvement and climate change in China. Based on the emission inventories of thermal power units in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, this study analyzes the CO2 and NOX emission characteristics of these units, and identifies and quantifies the synergistic drivers affecting these emission trends. The inventory data show that, between 2010 and 2020, NOX emissions were reduced by 86.1%, while CO2 emissions were reduced by only 29.8%. Although significant progress has been made in reducing NOX emissions through measures such as end-of-pipe treatment, controlling CO2 emissions remains a difficult task. The index decomposition analysis reveals that economic growth is the main driver of CO2 and NOX emission growth, energy intensity reduction is the main driver of CO2 emission reduction, and end-of-pipe treatment is the main driver of NOX emission reduction. Currently, coal occupies about 87% of the energy consumption of thermal power units in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, and remains the main type of energy for synergistic emissions, and the potential for emission reduction in the energy structure remains huge. For NOX emissions, it is expected that 90% of the reduction potential can be achieved through energy restructuring and end-of-pipe treatment. In conclusion, this high-precision unit-by-unit emission study confirms the effectiveness of the control policy for thermal power units in the region and provides some scientific reference for future policy formulation.

Russian economy — development prospects in real time

transition to a new one has begun in Russia — and this is the real state of the national economy. Defi nitely, the main driver of GDP growth in Russia will be domestic consumer demand, in which the leaders of the industry trend are likely to be the IT industry, agriculture, and natural resource extraction. National projects will remain the basis of strategic planning and the main instruments of economic development. The country is actively developing a form of platform employment.

Progressive Taxation and Social Welfare: Quantifying the Effects of the “German Tax-Reform 2000”

Abstract The German “Tax-Reform 2000” involved a strong reduction in the progressivity of labor income taxation. It led to a rise in overall labor income, but also increased income inequality. Utilizing data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP. 2016. Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), Data for Years 1984–2016, Version 33) for the years 1998–2007, we employ a general equilibrium framework à la Antràs et al. (Antràs, P., A. De Gortari, and O. Itskhoki. 2017. “Globalization, Inequality and Welfare.” Journal of International Economics 108: 387–412) characterized by heterogeneous individuals. The model imposes a constant rate of tax progressivity and allows for a theory-consistent decomposition of social welfare that highlights the equity-efficiency trade-off, namely into (i) the fundamental social welfare level that would arise in a Kaldor-Hicks economy with lump-sum transfers, (ii) a correction term that accounts for the social cost of inequality à la Atkinson (Atkinson, A. B. 1970. “On the Measurement of Inequality.” Journal of Economic Theory 2 (3): 244–63) or Sen (Sen, A. 1970. Collective Choice and Social Welfare. Harvard University Press), and (iii) a correction term for the social cost of distortionary taxation. Our estimations show that the German tax system can be well approximated by the imposed tax schedule and that the reform implied a fall in the degree of tax progressivity. Under the baseline calibration, the numerical analysis yields the following results: First, the main driver of growth in social welfare from 1998 to 2007 was fundamental social welfare. Second, the counterfactual analysis shows that the reform resulted in an annual average income growth of 0.62 % and an increase in income inequality of 0.32 %, indicating an only modest increase in social welfare of 0.07 %. Third, the actual tax progression converged to its social welfare maximizing level.

Drivers of growth in strong year classes of the deepwater redfish (Sebastes mentella) population from the Gulf of St. Lawrence derived from otolith increment-based growth chronologies.

The case of the deepwater redfish (Sebastes mentella) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL) is a compelling example of drastic fluctuations in annual recruitment strength, characteristic of spasmodic stocks. After three decades of low abundance, the emergence of three consecutive strong year classes in 2011-2013 resulted in an unprecedented increase in biomass. In spasmodic stocks such as GSL redfish, strong year classes sustain both the biomass and catch for decades. Therefore, understanding the growth dynamics of these cohorts is essential. In the present study, we reconstructed the annual growth rates of redfish using otolith increment-based annual chronology and investigated the drivers of growth variation in redfish strong year classes of the early 2010s and early 1980s. Stock biomass was identified as the main extrinsic driver of redfish growth, suggesting intense competition for food at high conspecific density. Warming of deep waters in the GSL, where adult redfish settle, positively correlated with individual growth. However, recent warming of the cold intermediate layer showed a negative correlation with redfish growth, likely related to the shrinking of the habitat this water mass provides for various redfish cold-water prey rather than to a direct effect of temperature. Reconstruction of redfish annual growth trajectories from birth to capture emphasized the importance of carryover effects in the growth potential of strong year classes. This work provided an important first outlook of the factors driving growth variation in GSL redfish spasmodic stock and explored midterm consequences of density-dependent pressures on biological parameters of the population.

Obesity-associated non-oxidative genotoxic stress alters trophoblast turnover in human first-trimester placentas.

Placental growth is most rapid during the first trimester (FT) of pregnancy, making it vulnerable to metabolic and endocrine influences. Obesity, with its inflammatory and oxidative stress, can cause cellular damage. We hypothesized that maternal obesity increases DNA damage in the FT placenta, affecting DNA damage response and trophoblast turnover. Examining placental tissue from lean and obese non-smoking women (4-12 gestational weeks), we observed higher overall DNA damage in obesity (COMET assay). Specifically, DNA double-strand breaks were found in villous cytotrophoblasts (vCTB; semi-quantitative γH2AX immunostaining), while oxidative DNA modifications (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine; FPG-COMET assay) were absent. Increased DNA damage in obese FT placentas did not correlate with enhanced DNA damage sensing and repair. Indeed, obesity led to reduced expression of multiple DNA repair genes (mRNA array), which were further shown to be influenced by inflammation through in vitro experiments using tumor necrosis factor-α treatment on FT chorionic villous explants. Tissue changes included elevated vCTB apoptosis (TUNEL assay; caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18), but unchanged senescence (p16) and reduced proliferation (Ki67) of vCTB, the main driver of FT placental growth. Overall, obesity is linked to heightened non-oxidative DNA damage in FT placentas, negatively affecting trophoblast growth and potentially leading to temporary reduction in early fetal growth.

Khartoum War's echoes in oil and energy sectors: Economic and environmental implications for Sudan and South Sudan

The energy sector is a main driver of African growth, particularly in regions with geopolitical conflicts like Sudan and South Sudan. The oil and gas industry notably influences these regions' economy, politics, humanitarian situation, and social stability. This study seeks to investigate how the Khartoum War affected the energy sector of both Sudan and South Sudan, particularly looking at the disruptions caused by recent conflicts and their impact on oil production, economic stability, and environmental conditions. The study employs a multi-disciplinary approach, utilising different sources such as regional legal agreements, government reports, academic articles, and press releases from international organisations. The key methodology includes qualitative analysis of several documents and quantitative assessment of production data and economic reports. The study's key findings show a significant decline in oil production and transportation due to the shutdown of key oilfields and pipelines, intensifying economic and humanitarian crises. Additionally, the damage to oil infrastructure has presented serious environmental risks, highlighting the delicate balance between resource management and regional stability. In conclusion, the study's findings underscore the intense impact of the Khartoum War on the energy sector of Sudan and South Sudan, and the urgent need for policy recommendations to mitigate these effects and foster sustainable development.

External Debt and Economic Growth in Sierra Leone: A Threshold Analysis

The main focus of this study is to investigate the impact of external debt on economic growth and determine the threshold level of external debt that is favourable for economic growth in Sierra Leone, within the framework of a non-linear model (quadratic function). The study employs the Ordinary Least Squares estimation technique with annual time series data for the period 1980 to 2022. The empirical findings reveal that, lagged GDP, external debt, external debt squared and investment are the main drivers of economic growth in Sierra Leone. Specifically, the result reveals that external debt, investment and lagged GDP have a positive impact on growth whilst, external debt squared has a harmful impact on growth. Furthermore, the study establishes a nonlinear relationship between external debt and economic growth. The result indicates that the optimal threshold level of external debt (as a % of GDP) in Sierra Leone is 115%. The findings reveal that, external debt below the threshold level is growth enhancing. However, the accumulation of external debt beyond the threshold level of 115% is detrimental to growth. The diagnostic result confirms that about 76% of the variation in economic growth is explained by the regressors (independent variables). Also, the granger causality test result suggests a unidirectional causality from external debt to economic growth with no reverse causality, indicating that external debt granger caused economic growth at the 5% level. Based on the findings, the study recommends that, government should develop a robust debt management policy, to keep debt levels within sustainable limits and also cultivate an economic culture of transparency, on the issue of debt management and contract negotiations.

Perdagangan Internasional dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia

One of the most common topics concerning a country's economy is economic growth. Economic growth is significant in a country's economy since it represents a proportion of a country's economic development or success, yet it is undeniable that numerous efforts must be undertaken. Wijono said that economic growth is a marker of progress in improvement. Something that can be the main driver of progress is international trade. Products and imports constitute international trade, one part of which is the main driver of economic growth. Therefore, commodities and imports at the same time have an impact on Indonesia's financial development.

OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR MICRO, SMALL & MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES) IN INDIA: A DETAILED STUDY

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to review the existing opportunities and challenges of MSMEs in India mainly after implementation of GST. MSMEs make up more than 90% of all enterprises in most economies, are the main drivers of job growth, and contribute significantly to both industrial output and exports. MSMEs are essential to the broader industrial growth in India as well. When compared to the industrial sector as a whole, the MSME sector has had more expansion in recent years. Since then, 50% of MSMEs in India are owned by poor communities, it is possible to assess the significance of the MSME sector. MSMEs have contributed praiseworthy role in the conversion of the economy of India is rural economy to an industrialised one. The second largest employer in India is the MSME sector, right behind the agricultural sector. They are extensively spread out around the nation and generate a wide variety of goods and services to satisfy the demands of local, national, and multinational supply chain as well as local and worldwide marketplaces. To grow this industry and increase its competitiveness, the government has offered a number of plans and initiatives. Nevertheless, this industry has been contributing a large portion in India's economy but there are numerous obstacles that make the running of this sector incredibly challenging. The current study makes an effort to pinpoint key opportunities and restrictions for MSMEs in India. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study mainly includes the review of secondary data collected from various authors, journals, magazines, government’s websites and other various unpublished sources.Findings: The study makes an effort to draw attention to the different government initiatives created to support the MSME sector in India. The study showed that while the government is making every effort to support MSMEs through a variety of measures, there are still many restrictions and challenges that this industry must overcome.Future Scope of Research: As we all know, the Indian economy is still in its early stages, and the implementation of GST in India is only five years old. Therefore, there are many sectors and areas in the Indian economy that are not fully developed, and the development of these sectors in the near future will create more opportunities and challenges for MSMEs.