Main Diagnostic Signs Research Articles

Application of Scanning Electron Microscopy to Study Morphological and Anatomical Features of Sea Buckthorn Leaves

Introduction. Scanning electron microscopy is a modern method that allows us to study not only the morphological features of objects, but also to conduct micro-X-ray structural analysis. Currently, the method is being actively introduced into the study of biological objects (including plant ones). Sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) leaves are a non-pharmacopoeial type of medicinal plant raw materials. Further study of the morphology, anatomy and phytochemical composition of leaves can contribute to the production of new, including combined, medicines, which will require the development of a pharmacopoeia article for this medicinal plant raw material.Aim. The aim of the study was to study the morphological and anatomical features of sea buckthorn leaves by scanning electron microscopy.Materials and methods. The object of the study was dried whole leaves of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.), collected in the Voronezh region in 2021 during the period of mass fruit maturity. To carry out the study by scanning electron microscopy, pieces of leaves were previously sprayed with gold on an automatic spraying unit Q150R ES (Quorum Technologies Ltd., United Kingdom) to increase conductivity. Micrographs were obtained using an electron microscope JSM-6510LV (JEOL Ltd., Japan).Results and their discussion. The morphology and some features of the anatomical structure of sea buckthorn leaves were studied and the main microdiagnostic signs (surface character, types of trichomes, the presence of stomata) were clarified. The content of elements (silicon, potassium, aluminum, carbon and calcium) was determined during the microrentgenostructural analysis. Micrographs of pollen grains of the plant were obtained, the presence of the element iron in them was established.Conclusion. For the first time, the method of scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphological and anatomical features of sea buckthorn leaves. The main diagnostic signs of leaves and their location have been clarified. It has been established that carbon predominates in the composition of the raw material elements, and calcium also accumulates. The accumulation of aluminum, silicon and potassium in numerous hairs densely covering the upper, and especially the lower, surfaces of the leaf blade is assumed. The morphology of the surface of pollen grains of sea buckthorn, having a spherical shape with a spiny shell, has been established. Pollen grains, in addition to carbon, are characterized by the accumulation of iron and silicon.

Clinical and Molecular Diagnosis of Osteocraniostenosis in Fetuses and Newborns: Prenatal Ultrasound, Clinical, Radiological and Pathological Features.

Osteocraniostenosis (OCS, OMIM #602361) is a severe, usually lethal condition characterized by gracile bones with thin diaphyses, a cloverleaf-shaped skull and splenic hypo/aplasia. The condition is caused by heterozygous mutations in the FAM111A gene and is allelic to the non-lethal, dominant disorder Kenny-Caffey syndrome (KCS, OMIM #127000). Here we report two new cases of OCS, including one with a detailed pathological examination. We review the main diagnostic signs of OCS both before and after birth based on our observations and on the literature. We then review the current knowledge on the mutational spectrum of FAM111A associated with either OCS or KCS, including three novel variants, both from one of the OCS fetuses described here, and from further cases diagnosed at our centers. This report refines the previous knowledge on OCS and expands the mutational spectrum that results in either OCS or KCS.

Clinical and X-ray diagnostic criteria for maxillofacial damage in children with juvenile limited scleroderma

The objective of our study was to improve the diagnosis of maxillofacial lesions in children with juvenile scleroderma. We performed a dental examination of 41 children from 4 to 17 years old with juvenile scleroderma. Based on the clinical X-ray examination we identified the main diagnostic signs of the maxillofacial damage in children with juvenile scleroderma, including partial hemiatrophy, plaque or linear facial lesions, reduced salivation, atrophic glossitis, plaque spots of mucous tongue atrophy, ischemia or shortening of the sublingual bridle, local recession of the gums of the lower jaw, dystopia and tooth supraposition, disocclusion, delay teething, spontaneous resorption of the permanent teeth roots, one-sided delay in the development of jaw bones. Using this complex of symptoms a dentist at the first visit can pre-diagnose scleroderma, which is especially important for the selection of adequate methods of treatment and prevention.

Could Poor Periodontal Status be a Warning Sign for Worse Pregnancy Outcome?

The aim of the present study was to analyse the role of the main diagnostic signs of poor periodontal status, probing depth (PD) ≥4 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP) ≥50%, both simultaneously and individually in preterm birth (PB) and their effect on the birth weight (BW). Prematurity is a major health concern and it is the leading contributing factor to neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Conflicting results exist on the relation between poor maternal, periodontal status and adverse pregnancy outcome, including preterm deliveries and low birth weight (LBW). Seventy-seven PBs and 165 deliveries at term were analysed out of 242 patients. The perinatal factors such as gestational age (GA) and BW were analysed by BOP, categorised as ≥50% (high BOP) vs <50% (non-high BOP) and PD ≥4 mm vs <4 mm, in combination or separately. The obtained results suggest that maternal periodontal inflammation, represented particularly by BOP, might be a triggering factor and can be associated with PB and LBW. For women with high BOP the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for LBW was 2.28-fold and they were likely to have PB, with a 2.02-fold higher rate. An increasing tendency of BOP seemed to be associated with a tendency to PB and LBW. Further investigations are necessary to underline this relationship, but the role of good oral health status in general, and particularly in case of pregnancy, is unequivocal.

Диагностические признаки представителей рода Robinia L. по генеративным показателям в интродукционных популяциях

Promising forms of various species of the genus Robinia L., which are of great interest for enriching the gene pool of cultivated woody plants in arid regions. Genetic diversity is an important condition for the ability of populations to adapt to environmental changes. The higher the genetic heterogeneity, the greater the ability of the species to adapt to changing environmental conditions. The aim of the research is to inventory the species and form diversity of introduced Robinia populations and develop their diagnostic features based on the study of the structure and development of generative organs. The objects of research were introduced populations of different species and forms of the genus Robinia: R. adhesive-R. viscosa Vent.; R. neomexicana – R. neomexicana A. Gray; R. liegacy – R. pseudoacacia L., which grow in a cluster collectible parts FNTS Agroecology Russian Academy of Sciences, cadastre №34:34:000000:122, 34:34:060061:10. The results of the inventory collection funds has allowed to establish that the parental lines FNTS Agroecology wounds there are forms Robinia pseudoacacia and Robinia neomexicana, differing significantly from the typical representatives (Robinia neomexicana: R. neomexicana f. pale pink, R. neomexicana f. pale purple; Robinia pseudoacacia R. pseudoacacia f. postseconda). They are represented by large introduced populations (age 15 years), maintaining the number of which is due to natural vegetative and generative methods of reproduction. Analysis of natural distribution areas revealed that The most polymorphic species is considered to be Robinia neomexicana Grey (Robinia neomexicana Grey). In Russia it is often cultivated and is described, entitled Robinia lush (R. luxurians (Dieck) S. K. Schneid.). Developed diagnostic features characteristic of the selected forms and typical representatives of different species of the genus Robinia. Among them: the color of the Corolla and calyx, calyx structure, pubescence, the presence of a wing on the fruit, fruit size, generative axis of inflorescences, the average size of inflorescences, the number of inflorescences on the shoot, the duration of flowering terms. An important diagnostic feature in the identification of species of the genus Robinia is the structure of the calyx. The measurements showed that only Robinia pseudoacacia has fully fused upper sepals (adaxial sinus is not more than 0.3-0.6 mm). Cups R. neomexicana and R. viscosa and even R. pseudoacacia f. postseconda sometimes have distinct adaxial sinus to 4.5 mm. the Size of the flowers and the average number of flowers per inflorescence differs slightly. So, the average number of flowers varies from 20.5 units (Robinia neomexicana) to 22.3 (R. neomexicana f. pale purple). The sizes of inflorescences and the number of inflorescences on a shoot (during spring mass flowering) significantly differ. Fruits of R. viscosa Vent., R. neomexicana A. Gray (including forms) have side seams of equal width (wing absent). In addition, the fruits of R. pseudoacacia and its late-flowering form are always glabrous, the fruits of R. neomexicana A. Gray and its forms are bristly, and the fruits of R. viscosa Vent. - glandular-bristly (sticky in the immature state). The features of the structure and development of generative organs are analyzed, the seed productivity and fruit productivity of various species and forms of the genus Robinia are determined. It was revealed that the highest generative potential in arid climate has R. pseudoacacia and its forms, and the lowest – representatives of R. viscosa. A high percentage of set seeds (number of ovules/number of set seeds) was observed in R. pseudoacacia and its late-flowering form (more than 70%). Representatives of R. viscosa Vent had a low percentage of set seeds. and R. neomexicana A. Gray f. pale purple. The setability of seeds of typical representatives of R. neomexicana A. Gray was more than 60%. It was revealed that the most abundant and long - flowering species in arid conditions of the Lower Volga region is R. viscosa Vent. Widespread in the culture were two species: R. pseudoacacia L. and R. viscosa Vent. Robinia pseudoacacia, which has the largest range of natural distribution, has a wide range of adaptive capabilities and is easier to adapt to new conditions of existence in the process of introduction. This advantage allowed R. pseudoacacia to receive the widest distribution in culture not only in North America, but also in Russia. The second kind is R. viscosa Vent. it has the narrowest area of natural distribution, however, high decorative properties and, as a consequence, the active use of this species in the objects of gardening, allowed to significantly expand the area of its secondary distribution in North America, Europe and southern regions of Russia. Clustering of the main diagnostic signs revealed the belonging of the selected forms to a particular species, which is confirmed by the results of correlation analysis.

KINEMATICS OF MOVEMENT OF A WHEEL PAIR AFTER ITS DERAILMENT

The work is devoted to a deep study of the kinematics of a wheeled pair at the derailment of a railroad car. Attention to this subject is increased, since the damage caused by the descent of passenger and freight trains is sufficiently great. Currently available technical means do not allow timely identification of the car wagon, and the data presented in the literature, sufficiently, do not allow to create the necessary equipment for its detection.In order to solve this problem, the work of studying the movement of the wheeled car after the derailment. A trajectory and a kinematic model of the motion of a wheel along a tie lattice are constructed.The wheel pair after its descent from the rail moves, as a rule, along the sleeper grille. Accordingly, its trajectory of motion depends on the upper structure of the path in this section. In this case, the wheels continue to move along the axis of the path. In this paper, for the initial simplification, only the movement of the wheel in a plane parallel to the vertical plane of the track axis is considered. Also, the inelastic deformation of sleepers at low speeds is not taken into account.The kinematics of the movement of the wheel along the sleepers, that is, after the derailment, has been analyzed. Analytic dependencies of the connection between the movement of the wheel and the parameters of the upper structure of the path are made. It is shown that the amplitude and frequency of oscillations of a wheel pair at its descent depend on the diameter of the wheel, the width of the horizontal surface of the sleeper and the distance between the axes of the sleepers. Instantaneous centers of wheel velocities at characteristic points are determined. The developed kinematic model determines the main diagnostic signs of the derailment of wagons from the rail. This will make it possible to create a reliable descent recognition algorithm for constructing the hardware and software of the technical control system for car wagons from the rail. This model allows us to use it later to create the sensors of the descent.

МОРФОЛОГО-АНАТОМІЧНІ ОЗНАКИ ТРАВИ МАРУНИ ДІВОЧОЇ (TANACETUM PARTHENIUM (L.) SСHULTZ. BIP.)

Мета роботи. Провести ідентифікацію трави Tanacetum parthenium за макро- та мікроскопічними ознаками згідно з ДФУ 2.0. Встановити основні діагностичні ознаки стебла, листя, кошиків та квіток.Матеріали і методи. Об’єктом дослідження були зразки трави маруни дівочої, зібрані у період із початку до масового цвітіння у 7 областях України. Для макроскопічного опису використовували цільну, різану, свіжу та висушену сировину. Мікроскопічні дослідження проводили на сировині фіксованій у суміші спирт-гліцерин-вода (1:1:1). В роботі використовували фотоапарат OLYMPUS Lens FE-140, мікроскоп МБИ-6, мікроскоп БИОЛАМ - М.Результати й обговорення. Визначено основні морфолого-анатомічні ознаки у вітчизняних серіях трави маруни дівочої згідно з ДФУ 2.0. Виявлено додаткові діагностичні ознаки: 4–6-клітинні головчасті волоски; стебло ребристе, в ребрах субепідермально розташована 5–6-шарова кутова коленхіма; склеренхіма розташована над пучками і між ними; судини ксилеми спіральні та пористі; схізо-лізигенні вмістища з брунатним вмістом в паренхімі ложа кошика; сосочкоподібна епідерма несправжньоязичкових квіток; паренхімні, прямостінні клітини епідерми трубчастих квіток; кристали кальцію оксалату в листочках обгортки представлено друзами.Висновки Проведено ідентифікацію трави Tanacetum parthenium за макро- та мікроскопічними ознаками згідно з ДФУ 2.0. Визначено основні діагностичні ознаки стебла, листя, кошиків та квіток. Встановлено додаткові діагностичні ознаки, які запропоновано додати при розробці національної частини монографії «Маруни дівочої трава» для ДФУ.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ АНАТОМІЧНОЇ БУДОВИ ПІДЗЕМНИХ ОРГАНІВ РОДОВИКА ЛІКАРСЬКОГО (SANGUISORBA OFFICINALIS L. )

Мета роботи. Родовик лікарський (Sanguisorba о№ сіпаіів L.) - багаторічна трав’яниста рослина, підземні органи якої здавна використовують у медицині як в'яжучий і кровоспинний засіб. Офіційною медициною використовуються препарати родовика лікарського з кореневища з коренями. У наукових джерелах недостатньо інформації про фармакогностичне вивчення підземних органів родовика лікарського, тому метою нашої роботи було вивчити анатомічну будову, встановити і зіставити діагностичні ознаки кореневищ і коренів, зібраних восени на першому і другому роках вегетації даного виду.Матеріали і методи. Виготовлення мікропрепаратів проводили за загальноприйнятими методами. Використовували мікроскоп МС 10 (окуляри Х5, Х10, 15, об’єктиви Х10, Х40). Мікрофотографії зроблені фотокамерою Sаmsung PL50.Результати й обговорення. Кореневище. Підземна частина родовика лікарського представлена багаторічним епігеогенним кореневищем з придатковими коренями. Кореневище поступово дерев’яніє, стає пухким, порожнистим у центрі. Анатомічна будова кореневища безпучкова. Молоді однорічні кореневища вкриті темно-бурим, поздовжньо зморшкуватим корком. У особин другого року вегетації клітини корка ущільнюються, починають злущуватись. Первинна кора однорічних кореневищ представлена шарами крупноклітинної паренхіми. Ксилема і флоема паренхіматизовані, пронизані розширеними радіальними серцевинними променями. В клітинах накопичуються прості і складні крохмальні зерна, часто зустрічаються друзи. Помітно виділяється щільне кільце камбію. Провідна система представлена судинами. Механічні волокна розташовані відокремлено, невеликими ділянками поблизу судин або утворюють суцільне кільце поряд з камбієм. Серцевина з міжклітинниками, паренхімні клітини з крохмальними зернами і друзами кальцій оксалату. Корені мають вторинну будову. Корок шаруватий, кільця з коричневим або жовтуватим вмістом чергуються з кільцями світлішими або безбарвними. Зона камбію багатошарова, темніша, добре помітна. Ксилема промениста. Трахеїди пористі. Серцевинних променів багато. У клітинах наявні дрібні прості овальні та округлі крохмальні зерна, друзи та поодинокі призматичні або багатогранні кристали кальцію оксалату. У дворічних коренів зовнішній шар корка товстий, темно-коричневий, з тріщинами; чітко виділяються річні кільця ксилеми, серцевинних променів багато, волокна лубу чисельні, здерев’янілі.Висновки. Досліджено анатомічну будову підземних органів родовика лікарського, зібраних на першому і другому роках вегетації. Виявлено мікроскопічні діагностичні ознаки кореневищ і коренів.

Features of transformation of degraded peat soils in Western Polissya of Ukraine

The results of the study of the regularities of the transformation of peat soils (Fibric Histosols Dystric) of Western Polissia of Ukraine are presented. The regional character of the development of peat soils are illustrated by the Kopaivska drainage system (the village of Pishcha, Shatskyi district, Volyn oblast). The criteria for assessing the agroecological sustainability of peatlands subjected to degradation are proposed. Indicators rang together with scoring system are suggested. Route field expeditions were conducted during 2012-2015.&#x0D; The specific features of changes in agroecological and agrochemical indicators of degraded peat soils are established. The following parametres were investigated bogging, state of the soil surface and cover crop, erosional feature, skeleton soil profile, gritty consistency, number of stumps and wood, depth of humus-accumulated horizons, organic carbon content, mineral nitrogen, labile phosphorus and potassium compounds, radionuclide contamination, ignition loss, soil reaction.&#x0D; The change of the main diagnostic signs of the agroecological state of degraded peat soils is revealed. The results indicate a change in the degree of degradation from moderate to severe. According to the results of observations, during the years under investigation, there have been significant changes in agrochemical parameters of fire-induced soil. This is due to the variability of meteorological conditions. In particular, there was an increase in the content of organic carbon and mineral nitrogen compounds, in the content of mobile potassium compounds, an increase in the acidity of the soil and radionuclide contamination. Based on the results obtained, measures are proposed to restore the processes of peat formation, their water regimes, and the elimination of fire-induced occurrence. We propose to carry out renaturation and creation of a raw material zone for the production of alternative fuel and energy resources and solid types of fertilizers.

Paragangliomas of the Head and Neck: Epidemiology, Radiologic Diagnosis, Treatment

Paragangliomas of the head and neck are extremely rare tumors. During the period of professional activity, a radiologist can meet single patients with parangliomas. So it is important to know the main diagnostic signs when meeting with such patients, вecause on-time diagnosis and treatment contribute to reduce surgical risk. The purpose of this review is to study the most common localizations of paragangliomas of head and neck and describe main visualization characteristics which are necessary for correct diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

SPEECH DISORDERS AND THEIR CORRECTION IN POST-STROKE PATIENTS

The article is dedicated to the diagnosis, classification, and rehabilitation of various forms of speech disorders in poststroke patients. It is considered the most common types of expressive and impressive speech disorders. The main diagnostic signs of most frequent forms of aphasia and dysarthria are given. A plan for the rehabilitation program with the inclusion of a medication (Ceraxon®) and non-pharmacological methods of correcting speech disorders after stroke is offered.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) gene: Beyond café au lait spots and dermal neurofibromas.

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) occurs in 1:2000 births. The main diagnostic signs are visible on the skin, and this opens several interesting aspects for dermatological point of view. The NF1 syndrome is caused by mutations in the NF1 gene which encodes the tumor suppressor protein neurofibromin. Neurofibromin functions as a Ras-GTPase-activating protein (RasGAP), and NF1 mutations lead to overactivation of the Ras signalling pathway. The NF1 gene and neurofibromin have intriguing functions in keratinocytes and melanocytes. Neurofibromin regulates melanin synthesis and keratinocyte differentiation in a currently unknown manner. The NF1 gene has also an important but poorly understood role in tumorigenesis and cancer. Compared to the general population, NF1 patients have a fivefold risk for cancer and a more than 2000-fold risk for neurogenic malignancies. Mutations of the NF1 gene are common in numerous cancer types in patients without NF1, and this suggests a more general role for the NF1 gene in oncogenesis. In melanoma, NF1 mutations seem to drive tumorigenesis and contribute to drug resistance. In this article, we review the literature on neurofibromin with special attention to keratinocytes, melanocytes, NF1-related tumors and melanoma.

Morphological and anatomical investigations of Vicia truncatula Fish. ex Bieb.

Introduction: Micromorphological research of vegetative bodies of Vicia truncatula Fish. ex Bieb. as a source of a sum of diosmetine biozides (flavicine) with high antioxidant hepatoprotective and endothelial-protective activities. We have identified the main diagnostic signs of vegetative bodies which can be used when standard documentation on medicinal vegetable raw materials compile. Materials and Methods: The objects of the study were collected in North Caucasus (Russia) in June 2013-2014. Materials morphological study herbarium specimens were stored in the herbarium fund the Department of Botany (acronym PGFA). Materials micromorphological study were temporary slides are the root, leaf, stem and flowers. Results: The morphological results were compared with the Flora of the USSR. Anatomical characters of leaves and stems of the species were observed to be similar to the usual features of genus Vicia anatomy. All results are supported by photographs. The stomatal apparatus belongs to anomocytic and paracytic types, simple multicellular hairs. Conclusion: we would like to note that these investigations are one of the phases of Vicia truncatula Fish. ex Bieb. examination and the medicinal plant is considered to be a perspective source of flavicine. The morphological and anatomical research obtained data can be used in standard documentation for medicinal vegetable raw material compiling.

Mosaicismo diploide/triploide: un fenotipo variable, pero característico

Diploid/triploid mosaicism is a rare chromosomal abnormality. It is caused by a failure in the postzygotic division during embryonic development. It results in the coexistence of two genetically heterogeneous cell lines (46,XX and 69,XXX) in one individual. His clinical phenotype is characteristic. Pigmentary changes with a distribution pattern following Blaschko's lines abnormalities in other ectoderm-derived tissues are the main diagnostic signs. Three cases of diploid/triploid mosaicism are described, and compared to the previously reported cases. The most frequently observed symptoms were mental retardation, truncal obesity, short stature, hemihypertrophy, small and narrow hands with clino and camptodactyly. Phenotypic characteristics of our three patients were similar to those of previously reported cases. Although there is no single and specific phenotype associated with mosaicism diploid/triploid, there are some dysmorphic features that shape a recognizable malformative syndrome. Peripheral blood lymphocytes karyotype was normal in our patients. Diagnosis was reached performing a fibroblast karyotype from hypopigmented skin. Intellectual disability associated with truncal obesity, short stature, hemihypertrophy or clino/camptodactyly should suggest to clinicians the possible existence of a diploid/triploid mosaicism. In most cases, karyotype from fibroblasts is needed to reach the diagnosis.