Main Control Center Research Articles

Design of Intelligent Street Light Control System Based on ZigBee

The design uses ZigBee wireless networking chips to connect each street light, ZigBee coordinator of the sub-control center responsible for the formation and maintenance of street lights subnet. The ZigBee coordinator collects all streetlights information and sents to the main control center via GSM module. The main control center sends control commands to the sub-control center via GSM module, and then to each street light controller. It is low-cost, easy to install and maintain.

Research on Embedded Numerical Control System Software Based on ARM Microprocessor

The design thought of "dual-CPU architecture" is used on the basis of a deep study of embedded systems and multi-functional CNC machine tools. That is to say, microprocessor S3C2440A of Samsung ARM9 series is used as control core, whose PWM timer produces pulse to realize the automatic control of the process. As the main control center, it plays the main functions of NC program input, keyboard entry, LCD display, the interpretation of the program, crude interpolation and so on. Using CPU as auxiliary equipment, it receives signals from master control center to realize fine interpolation through further calculation. Simultaneously the periphery of the system expands modules of human-computer interaction, communication, servo, and input/output to realize human-machine interaction, data communication and motor control. Finally, the hardware modules are debugged and the results are analyzed, which shows that the system is of fast response, reliability, low cost and good cutting and portability. This system has achieved the desired anticipation and has broad prospect in the economical CNC field which requires fast moving and proper processing speed.

On-line NNAC for a Balancing Two-Wheeled Robot Using Feedback-Error-Learning on the Neurophysiological Mechanism

A biomimic control structure is designed based on the sensorimotor system and the central nervous system of human brain. The main control center is focus on the cerebellar cortex functioning in supervised training. And then a method based on cerebellar model with feedback-error-learning on the neurophysiological mechanism was proposed to control a balancing two-wheeled robot which is a bionic self-balancing plant imitating human body . The cerebellar cortex as a forward controller was an on-line neural network adaptive controller and reflected the cerebellar function in balancing control problem. From the simulation including balancing control experiment, disturb experiment and mass changed experiment, we can see that the robot can be balanced in fixed position well by the biomimic control structure, and get a better result comparing the traditional feedback control.

Surveillance programs for detection and characterization of emergent pathogens and antimicrobial resistance: results from the Division of Infectious Diseases, UNIFESP

Several epidemiological changes have occurred in the pattern of nosocomial and community acquired infectious diseases during the past 25 years. Social and demographic changes possibly related to this phenomenon include a rapid population growth, the increase in urban migration and movement across international borders by tourists and immigrants, alterations in the habitats of animals and arthropods that transmit disease, as well as the raise of patients with impaired host defense abilities. Continuous surveillance programs of emergent pathogens and antimicrobial resistance are warranted for detecting in real time new pathogens, as well as to characterize molecular mechanisms of resistance. In order to become more effective, surveillance programs of emergent pathogens should be organized as a multicenter laboratory network connected to the main public and private infection control centers. Microbiological data should be integrated to guide therapy, adapting therapy to local ecology and resistance patterns. This paper presents an overview of data generated by the Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, along with its participation in different surveillance programs of nosocomial and community acquired infectious diseases.

USN을 이용한 스키장 사각 지역 감시 시스템

ABSTRACT This paper introduces an efficient USN (ubiquitous sensor network) for monitoring blind areas in a skiing resort, developed as a part of u-Sport showcase project of Gangwon Province. Blind areas of a skiing resort are dangerous and/or steep areas located aroud ski slopes, which are rarely traveled and not easily seen by a ski patrol. If an accident occurs in such a blind area, the main control center of the sking resort can hardly recognize the accident and provide first aid and rescue services promptly. The blind area monitoring system proposed in this paper monitors a blind area of a skiing resort using five battery-powered sensor nodes each of which has an image sensor on it and wirelessly transmits images around the blind area to the main control center on a regular basis, therebly allowing real-time monitoring of the blind area and prompt rescue services in case of accidents. Additionally, the monitoring system provides an emergency button which skiers injured in the blind area can push. If the button is pushed, an image around the button and an alarm signal are transmitted to the main control center and therefore the main control center can take prompt actions for rescuing the injured skiers.Keywords:USN, Kangwon-do Yong-Pyeong, u_Sports, Blind Areas

The Effect of 835 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure on the Immunohistochemical Distribution of Calbindin D28k and Calretinin in the Mouse Cerebellar Cortex

Widespread use of mobile phones and subsequent electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure have raised crucial question of their possible biological effects on the nervous system. The study on the effect of radiofrequency (RF) radiation on the nervous system, however, did not precede enough to determine the biological hazard to brain. Until now, several studies have reported decreases in neuron number and neuronal damage in the cortex, hippocampus, and basal ganglia in the brains of animals exposed to RF radiation. However, there were few reports about the cerebellum, the main voluntary motor control center. In this regard, by using immunohistochemisty, current study intended to investigate the changes in the calbindin D28k (CB) and calretinin (CR)-immunoreactivity (IR) in the mouse cerebellar cortex after EMF exposure at 835 ㎒ for different exposure times and absorption rates, 1h/day for 5 days at 1.6 W /㎏, 1 h/day for 5 days at 4.0 W /㎏, 5 h/day for 1 day at 1.6 W /㎏, 5 h/day for 1 day at 4.0 W /㎏, daily exposure for one month at 1.6 W /㎏. Among groups, most prominent CB IR was observed in the Purkinje cell layer followed by molecular and granular layer. The highest CB IR was noted in 5 h/day for 1 day at 1.6 W /㎏ in the entire three layers while the lowest was noted in one month at 1.6 W /㎏. Similarly CR IR was maximum in one month at 1.6 W /㎏ whilst the lowest was observed in 1 h/day for 5 days at 4.0W/㎏. EMF exposure for 5 days at 1.6 W/㎏ reduced CB-IR. The CR-IR was mainly localized in small cells in the granular layer, with maximum IR observed after one month exposure. Therefore, the present study suggest the possibility of alterations of calcium ion concentration, which playa role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis, in the cerebellum after long-term exposure to 835 ㎒ of RF radiation, which might lead to the disruption of normal trait.

Development of information-embedded power system using OPNET

Due to significant changes, information-embedded power systems (IEPS) are required to efficiently transmit power system data so as to control and monitor the entire power system effectively. Power system protocols play a significant role in reliably transmitting critical data from different power intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) to the main control centre. An experimental analysis was performed to analyse different power system protocols used in IEPSs. From the experimental work carried out earlier, the propagation delay involved in distributed network protocol (DNP3) is considerably high when data are transmitted via wide area network (WAN) to the control centre. OPNET modeller has been used to develop a more reliable power system communication protocol based on DNP3. DNP3 protocol has been developed in the OPNET environment. Different techniques have been used in reducing the propagation delay involved in DNP3-WAN. This paper presents the development of an IEPS in the OPNET environment in order to develop a more reliable power system communication protocol to transmit power system data more efficiently and securely.

Organizational climate in air traffic control: Innovative preparedness for implementation of new technology and organizational development in a rule governed organization

A positive and innovative organizational climate is of great importance in order to manage and adapt to change. Such a climate seldom evolves in organizations closely governed by rules and regulations. Because of ongoing organizational and technical changes within the Swedish Air Navigation Services Provider, a study concerning the organizational climate for changes and innovations was conducted to investigate the organization's capacity to cope with changes. Study locations were the two Swedish main air traffic control centers and parts of the civil aviation administration headquarters. In the study 390 subjects took part and the CCQ questionnaire was used to measure the organizational climate. The results show that the organizational climate is quite positive despite the rule-governed work. The results also show that administrative personnel assess the organizational climate as more positive than operative personnel. Comparisons between management positions did not result in any differences.

Emergency Response Organisation for Toxic Gas Emissions

Toxic gas emissions are the most severe chemical incidents, since chemicals disperse quickly from the source to the site and residential areas. Risk is minimised by design measures, alarm systems, and emergency response planning. Site personnel and people living in the vicinity must be informed and trained on the correct actions to take. The organization for possible incidents consists of a main command and control centre, a forward command centre and the fire brigade.

Leptin inhibits hypothalamic neurons by activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels.

Leptin, the protein encoded by the obese (ob) gene, is secreted from adipose tissue and is thought to act in the central nervous system to regulate food intake and body weight. It has been proposed that leptin acts in the hypothalamus, the main control centre for satiety and energy expenditure. Mutations in leptin or the receptor isoform (Ob-R[L]) present in hypothalamic neurons result in profound obesity and symptoms of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Here we show that leptin hyperpolarizes glucose-receptive hypothalamic neurons of lean Sprague-Dawley and Zucker rats, but is ineffective on neurons of obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats. This hyperpolarization is due to the activation of a potassium current, and is not easily recovered on removal of leptin, but is reversed by applying the sulphonylurea, tolbutamide. Single-channel recordings demonstrate that leptin activates an ATP-sensitive potassium (K[ATP]) channel. Our data indicate that the K(ATP) channel may function as the molecular end-point of the pathway following leptin activation of the Ob-R(L) receptor in hypothalamic neurons.

Design, development and installation of an optical phase conductor on 33 kV wood pole line

This paper describes how the Manx Electricity Authority decided to construct an optical fibre communication link between its main control centre, power stations and primary substations. Having considered various options, it was decided to replace the existing centre phase conductor on a 33 kV wood pole line with an optical phase conductor containing 24 optical fibres.

Computer Network for the Supervisory Control of the Natural Gas Pipeline System of Hungary

The Hungarian natural gas pipeline system consists of several thousand kilometers of pipeline with more than 250 compressor stations and other field objects. Most of the field objects have a local control system and operates without supervision.The supervisory control of the pipeline system is concentrated in U regional and I main control centers. Each control center has a dual TPA 11–48 configuration, one of the computer performs regular back–up functions, at the same time it can take over the on-line functions, if necessary. The connection between the telemetry system and the computer is achieved by two 4–microprocessor-based host-controllers, providing for the synchronization of different telemetry–facilities and the necessary conversion of collected data.The application software consists of 75 tasks, running under the RSX 4.0 operating system. Special man–computer package and data–base handling system are used. The communication between the computers, as well as between the control centers is realized by the help of DECNET.

Lessons Learned in the Environmental Qualification of Class 1E Equipment at Tennessee Valley Authority

Tennessee Valley Authority has been engaged in an extensive program for the environmental qualification of Class 1E components. This program has been conducted in accordance with the requirements set forth in various industry standards and federal regulations, including IEEE 323-1971, IEEE 323-1974, Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) IE Bulletin 79-01B, NRC NUREG-0588, and the Code of Federal Regulations 10CFR50.49. Valuable lessons have been learned as a result of this program, particularly in the area of environmental qualification testing. This paper describes some unique experiences in the qualification testing of main steam isolation valve control manifold assemblies, control relays, and motor control centers.

Wide-Band Cable Systems at SLAC

SLAC's first cable TV system was installed in 1979 to remotely monitor a narrow pulse generated in the west end of the klystron gallery. When Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) experimental work began at the west end of the accelerator this cable was upgraded to a bidirectional system. The present accelerator control system is based on a distributed processing configuration using a PDP11/780 VAX in the Main Control Center and Intel single-board computers in a multibus configuration along the accelerator. The high-speed data linking is supplied by a 1 MBaud Time Division Multiple Access Network. A midsplit configuration was chosen for the cable because it provides roughly equal spectra above and below the filter split. The cable will offer the following services when it is completely utilized: four 6 MHz video channels (camera or computer signals); forty channels of voice (CB sets for intercoms); two 6 MHz 1 MBaud channels (monitoring and control of the accelerator); one 6 MHz of Sytek System 20 9600 baud channels (terminal to VAX); and six 6 MHz point-to-point 2 MBaud channels (pattern and fast feedback loops). These subsystems and their interfaces are described and schematicized.

Control in the Hierarchically Structured Belgrade Traffic Control System

Belgrade traffic control system which consists of 5 subarea control centres linked to the main control centre is described. A subarea control centre controls traffic signal devices in the subarea applying signal plan selection strategy, and acts as an infimal unit which sends to the main control centre a request for approval of the signal Dlan selected. Thus, the main centre has a role of a supremal unit which performs coordination between infimals. The criterion for the coordination are losses in the whole area the sum of losses in all subareas and losses on boundary links between subareas. The coordination algorithm chooses the best combination (in the sense of the criterion mentioned) of signal plans and offsets between subareas.

The vestibulospinal system and postural regulation in man.

Upright posture in humans represents a giant step phylogenetically speaking. But upright posture demands refined mechanisms for static and dynamic postural equilibrium that are initiated by the concurrence of visual and proprioceptive impulses from the muscles of the legs and the labyrinth. The static labyrinth and Deiter's nucleus via the LVST seem to be the main centers responsible for static equilibrium. Its basic neurophysiological mechanism has been analyzed by the study of stretch reflexes, which permits a semiquantitative evaluation of the function of the static labyrinth. The cerebellum appears as the main control center of the proprioceptive system in relation to dynamic equilibrium.

The Addition of Local Intelligence to the ISR Control System

The control system of the CERN Intersecting Storage Rings (ISR) has been gradually modified over the last few years to become almost entirely based on CAMAC, giving the computer independence and flexibility which that system provides. It has recently become desirable to add local intelligence to various parts of the system, i.e. a processing capability closely associated with the equipment being controlled or monitored. This local intelligence has been provided by processors which are able to run autonomously and are transparent: they simply give the main control center the illusion that the equipment is more elaborate than it really is. It has proved possible to incorporate two types of such processor quite elegantly into the CAMAC system even though CAMAC was not designed with these applications in mind. This paper describes the design philosophy of these two types of processor, and the areas of application in which they have so far been used. The development aids at all levels which are available are also described. Finally, extensions to the CAMAC specifications are suggested which would allow it to be used more easily for such projects.

Position and Intensity Monitoring System for the Spear Transport System at SLAC

A brief description of the stripline position and intensity monitor for the SPEAR transport system is presented. The basic objective of this system is to visually display on an oscilloscope the current and position information of a 7 ns positron/electron beam of very low duty cycle (10-20 pps). The system incorporates and uses much of the video system at the Main Control Center (MCC) which was designed to display video pulses of 1.6 μs width. In order to maintain compatibility with this system, the detected signals from the stripline monitors, which are 7 ns bipolar signals, are transformed into stretched signals of the order of 1 μs, the amplitude and polarity of which reflect those of the original signals. System functions and the associated electronics are described in detail.

Experience with Touch Panel Control at SLAC

The touch panel man-machine interface system was developed at SLAC to help implement control room consolidation. The decision to consolidate the two accelerator-research area control rooms was made in 1970 in order to increase operating efficiency. 1 An acoustical touch-panel was proposed and developed. 2 A cross-wire touch panel was implemented when it appeared that it could be produced more quickly and at a lower cost. We now have eight cross-wire systems and one acoustic system installed as control surfaces in our Main Control Center. These control surfaces are mounted over standard C.R.T. video monitors to form the control-display unit. We chose this method of control and display over competing systems such as light-penunits because of the ease of control. Lightpens become a burden when several displays are mounted side-by-side. The operator is required to make many changes on all three units of a group and the use of lightpens would be too time consuming. ’

Operational Aspects of the SLAC Main Control Center

The SLAC Main Control Center (MCC) incorporates functions that were previously handled in two separate control rooms; i.e., (1) the setup and maintenance of interlaced beams in the accelerator and (2) the delivery of the beams to separate experimental areas. The complexity of beam operation has increased with the activation of the new SPEAR facility. This experimental area uses low energy electrons and positrons which run simultaneously with a full complement of six other beams. Considering all the operational requirements, the MCC instrumentation plays a major role in determining the operation efficiency.