Main Constituents Of Essential Oil Research Articles

Determination of constituents of essential oil from Angelica sinensis by gas chromatography — mass spectrometry

Gas chromatography — mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with chemometric resolution upon two-dimensional data was employed to analyze the constituents of essential oils of essential oils of Angelica sinensis. Constituents in essential oils of Angelica sinensis root were identified by GC-MS with the help of subwindow factor analysis (SFA) method resolving two-dimensional original data into mass spectra and chromatograms. 76 of 97 separated constituents in essential oil of Angelica sinensis root were identified and quantified, and they account for about 91. 36% of the total content. The results show that ligustilide, butylene phthalide, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, carvacrol, alloocimene,2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo-[3,1,1]hept-2-ene are the main constituents in essential oil of Angelica sinensis root.

Essential oils of Galeopsis pubescens and G. tetrahit from Tuscany (Italy)

AbstractThe essential oils obtained from the flowering aerial parts of Galeopsis pubescens and G. tetrahit growing on Monte Amiata (Italy) have been studied. Sesquiterpenes were the main constituents of both essential oils (88.9% and 90.4%, respectively); the major compounds were germacrene D and bicyclogermacrene (about 60% and 6%, respectively). The differences between the two essential oils were mostly quantitative and were referred mainly to β‐caryophyllene (5.7% and 2.1%, respectively) and (E)‐β‐farnesene (1.1% and 5.6%). This is the first report about the composition of essential oils from this genus. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ESSENTIAL OILS OF TWO Hypericum SPECIES FROM UZBEKISTAN

The water-distilled essential oils from aerial parts of two Hypericum species (Hypericaceae) have been analyzed by GC/MS. The main components of the essential oils of Hypericum scabrum L. were α-pinene - 11.2%; spathulenol - 7.2%; p-cymene - 6.1%; acetophenone - 4.8%; carvacrol - 4.7%. The essential oil of Hypericum perforatum L. contains as the main components β-caryophyllene - 11.7%; caryophellene oxide - 6.3%; spathulenol - 6.0%; α-pinene - 5.0%. Hypericum (Hypericaceae) species have been used for a long time in folk medicine. In r ecent years H. perforatum has been the ingredient of modern medicines for the treatment of mild depression. The essential oil of H. perforatum has previously been investigated (1-5). In a r ecent study (3), α-pinene (61.7%) was reported as the main constituent of the oil in the plant material of Turkish origin. Hypericum perforatum L. is included in the Pharmacopoeias of Russia, Chekhiya, Romania, Poland, and France (4). In Uzbekistan, a skin remedy is prepared from ashes of its herbal parts. It is used as an antihe lminthic in veterinary medicine. The yield and physicochemical properties and oil composition of Hypericum scabrum L. of Turkish origin has previously been reported (3, 6). It was found to contain α-pinene (71.6%) as the main constituent (3). Here we report our results on the essential oil composition of H. scabrum and H. perforatum from Uzbekistan. H. scabrum collected in Khisor mountain in the Kashkadarya region of Uzbekistan yielded 0.2% essential oil and H. perforatum collected in Nanai village in Chimgan mountains in Tashkent region yielded 0.1% essen tial oil. The composition of the oils is given in Table 1. A total of 104 and 106 components were characterized representing 85.9% and 89.6% of the essential oils in H. scabrum L. and H. perforatum L., respectively. α-Pinene (11.2%), spathulenol (7.2%), p-cymene (6.1%), acetophenone (4.8%), carvacrol (4.7%) were the main constituents of the essential oil of H. scabrum. The main components of the essential oil of H. perforatum were β-caryophyllene (11.7%), caryophyllene oxide (6.3%), spathulenol (6.0%), α-pinene (5.0%). Caryophyllene and pinene rich oils of H. perforatum have been reported (1-5). Our results are in agreement with the

Microencapsulation of caraway extract in β-cyclodextrin and modified starches

Microencapsulation of supercritical CO2 extracted caraway fruit oil was investigated. Encapsulation was carried out by molecular inclusion with β-cyclodextrin, by spray-drying with maltodextrin and by spray-drying with a starch derivative. Carvone, one of the two main constituents of caraway essential oil, was efficiently complexed with β-cyclodextrin. Only half of the other major constituent, limonene, was complexed. The inclusion complex seemed to protect volatile substances more efficiently during storage, whereas microcapsules with modified starches as wall material were more heat tolerant. During rapid heating, the β-cyclodextrin microcapsules protected the volatile substances from evaporation up to 100 °C and HiCap microcapsules protected them up to 140 °C, while the protection properties of the maltodextrin microcapsules seemed to depend on the encapsulated molecules (160 °C for limonene and 120 °C for carvone).

Essential oil variation of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. stoechas growing wild in crete (Greece)

The essential oils from four wild populations of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. stoechas of Crete, Greece, have been analysed at the full bloom stage. The main essential oil constituents were α-pinene,1,8-cineole, fenchone, camphor and myrtenyl acetate, all products of different biogenetic routes. A considerable quantitative variation of the essential oils occurred among the different populations, three of them being fenchone/camphor type and one 1,8-cineole/fenchone type. The variation in the quantitative essential oil composition between leaves and inflorescences was also significant. In all cases, inflorescences contained more fenchone, myrtenyl acetate and α-pinene, while leaves contained more 1,8-cineole and camphor. Additionally, the inflorescences produced notably larger essential oil amounts than the leaves.

Essential Oil Composition ofAchillea crithmifoliaW. et K. 1. Identification of Chemovarieties Grown in Wild Populations

ABSTRACT Under open field and phytotron conditions (in “warm” and “cold” programs) the individuals of four Hungarian wild growing populations of Achillea crithmifolia W. et K. have been studied. According to the main essential oil constituents the populations of the Matra mountain were characterized as “camphor-types,” while those of the Visegradi and Borzsony mountains were characterized as “cineole-types” and “achillenol-types” respectively, although neither one of the populations was homogeneous. Because this chemical difference remained constant under both phytotron conditions, we believe that the differences are genotypic rather than phenotypic. Also, as morphological features of the plants could not be correlated with any characteristic essential oil composition, the plant individuals which possess different main oil components must be examples of real chemotypes. Our observations indicate, however, some changes due to environmental factors as well as ontogenetical stages.

Vapor pressure and volatility of β-asarone, the main ingredient of an indigenous stored-product insecticide,Acorus calamus oil

The effect ofAcorus calamus products on insects is reviewed briefly. A sudden, dramatic drop occurs in the insecticidal, gaseous phase activity of calamus oil on stored-product pests, when the exposure temperature is lowered from 30° to 25°C. In an attempt to explain this finding, the vapor pressure of the main constituent of IndianAcorus calamus essential oil, β-asarone, was determined by three methods: (i) extrapolation with a gas-chromatographic method according to Jensen and Schall; (ii) calculation from boiling points with the Clausius-Clapeyron equation; and (iii) direct measurement with the Knudsen cell. The values of vapor pressure of β-asarone at 30°C according to these three methods were 3.3 x 10-3, 3.7 x 10-3 and 9.8 x 10-4 Torr, respectively. The volatility of β-asarone under the conditions of the fumigant experiments mentioned above was assayed by determining the weight loss from 50 mg asarone allowed to evaporate at 30°C from a filter paper disk into a 400 ml hermetically closed glass vessel. The weight loss was approximately 0.75 mg/400 ml receptacle space (≈1.9 mg/l) for every 10 days from day 0 to day 40.

Main constituents of the essential oil of Warionia saharae Benth and Coss

Warionia saharae, a compositae from the South of Morocco contains an essential oil. This has been extracted and the three main components have been chromatographically purified by TLC and GLC and identified as eudesmol, linalool and nerolidol.

Aromatic Esters from the Liverwort, Isotachis japonica

The oily portion of n-hexane and methanol extracts of the liverwort, Isotachis japonica Steph., was investigated, and three aromatic esters, benzyl benzoate, benzyl cinnamate and β-phenylethyl cinnamate, were identified as major components. It was established that terpene compounds, which were main constituents in essential oils of other liverworts, were not contained in this liverwort in noticeable proportion.