Main Cause Of Death Research Articles

Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined with Fufang Xueshuantong Capsule Attenuate Oxidative Stress and Vascular Lesions in Diabetic Rats by Activating Nrf-2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway

Background:: Macrovascular lesions are the main cause of death and disability in diabetes mellitus, and excessive accumulation of cholesterol and lipids can lead to long-term and repeated damage of vascular endothelial cells. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) can attenuate vascular endothelial damage in type 1 diabetic mice, while Fufang Xueshuantong capsule (FXC) has a protective effect on endothelial function; however, whether FXC in combination with UCMSCs can improve T2DM macrovascular lesions as well as its mechanism of action are not clear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reveal the role of FXC + UCMSCs in T2DM vasculopathy and their potential mechanism in the treatment of T2DM. Methods:: The control and T2DM groups were intragastrically administered with equal amounts of saline, the UCMSCs group was injected with UCMSCs (1×106, resuspended cells with 0.5 mL PBS) in the tail vein, the FXC group was intragastrically administered with 0.58 g/kg FXC, and the UCMSCs + FXC group was injected with UCMSCs (1×106) in the tail vein, followed by FXC (0.58 g/kg), for 8 weeks. Results:: We found that FXC+UCMSCs effectively reduced lipid levels (TG, TC, and LDL-C) and ameliorated aortic lesions in T2DM rats. Meanwhile, Nrf2 and HO-1 expression were upregulated. We demonstrated that inhibition of Nrf-2 expression blocked the inhibitory effect of FXC+UCMSCs-CM on apoptosis and oxidative stress injury. Conclusion:: Our data suggest that FXC+UCMSCs may attenuate oxidative stress injury and macroangiopathy in T2DM by activating the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway.

A cross-sectional analysis of the association between sleep disorders and cancer using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2014.

Cancer is one of the main causes of death in the world, and sleep disorders are a serious public health problem, especially in large cities; of these, insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are the most common. In the last decade, studies have pointed to a possible association between sleep disorders and cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether there is any association between sleep disorders and cancer. Five National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) (2005-2014) from the United States were combined in order to obtain the sample. Two main sleep variables were assessed: having trouble sleeping and/or ever telling a doctor one had a sleep problem. The odds ratio of ever having a cancer diagnosis was the main outcome. Data were analyzed by binary logistic regression models in Jamovi. The final sample comprised 26,821 participants. Individuals who reported having trouble sleeping had an odds ratio of 1.48 (95% confidence interval = [1.336-1.646]; P < .001) of having been diagnosed with cancer, and those who had already been diagnosed with a sleep disorder had an odds ratio of 1.21 (95% confidence interval = [1.046-1.415]; P = .011), showing an increased chance of having been diagnosed with cancer. In men, these values were even greater, with an odds ratio of 1.56 (95% confidence interval = [1.321-1.843]; P < .001) and an odds ratio of 1.26 (95% confidence interval = [1.013-1.582]; P = .037), respectively, for having trouble sleeping and for having been diagnosed with a sleep disorder, in relation to having been diagnosed with cancer. Individuals who had trouble sleeping or who had been diagnosed with a sleep disorder at any time in their life were more likely to have been diagnosed with cancer. Porcacchia AS, Pires GN, Andersen ML, Tufik S. A cross-sectional analysis of the association between sleep disorders and cancer using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2014. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(4):515-520.

Clinical application of split liver transplantation: a single center report of 203 cases

Objective: To investigate the safety and therapeutic effect of split liver transplantation (SLT) in clinical application. Methods: This is a retrospective case-series study. The clinical data of 203 consecutive SLT, 79 living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and 1 298 whole liver transplantation (WLT) performed at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from July 2014 to July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Two hundred and three SLT liver grafts were obtained from 109 donors. One hundred and twenty-seven grafts were generated by in vitro splitting and 76 grafts were generated by in vivo splitting. There were 90 adult recipients and 113 pediatric recipients. According to time, SLT patients were divided into two groups: the early SLT group (40 cases, from July 2014 to December 2017) and the mature SLT technology group (163 cases, from January 2018 to July 2023). The survival of each group was analyzed and the main factors affecting the survival rate of SLT were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test were used for survival analysis. Results: The cumulative survival rates at 1-, 3-, and 5-year were 74.58%, 71.47%, and 71.47% in the early SLT group, and 88.03%, 87.23%, and 87.23% in the mature SLT group, respectively. Survival rates in the mature SLT group were significantly higher than those in the early SLT group (χ2=5.560,P=0.018). The cumulative survival rates at 1-, 3- and 5-year were 93.41%, 93.41%, 89.95% in the LDLT group and 87.38%, 81.98%, 77.04% in the WLT group, respectively. There was no significant difference among the mature SLT group, the LDLT group and the WLT group (χ2=4.016, P=0.134). Abdominal hemorrhage, infection, primary liver graft nonfunction,and portal vein thrombosis were the main causes of early postoperative death. Conclusion: SLT can achieve results comparable to those of WLT and LDLT in mature technology liver transplant centers, but it needs to go through a certain time learning curve.

Outcomes and Long-Term Survival of Adolescent and Young Adult Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience of 152 Patients.

Prognostic factors reliably predicting outcomes for critically ill adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) are lacking. We assessed transplant and intensive care unit (ICU)-related factors impacting patient outcomes. AYA patients who underwent allo-HSCT and required ICU admission at a Tertiary care Centre, during the period of 2003-2013, were included in this retrospective review. This was a non-interventional study. Only outcomes after the first allo-HSCT and index ICU admissions were analyzed. Disease-, transplant-, and ICU-related variables were analyzed to identify risk factors predictive of survival. Overall, 152 patients were included (males, 60.5%); median age at transplantation was 24 years (interquartile range [IQR] 18-32.5); median age at admission to the ICU was 25.8 years (IQR 19-34). Eighty-four percent underwent transplantation for a hematological malignancy; 129 (85%) received myeloablative conditioning. Seventy-one percent of ICU admissions occurred within the first year after allo-HSCT. ICU admission was primarily due to respiratory failure (47.3%) and sepsis (43.4%). One hundred and three patients (68%) died within 28 days of ICU admission. The 1- and 5-year overall survival rates were 19% and 17%, respectively. Main causes for ICU-related death were refractory septic shock with multiorgan failure (n = 49, 32%) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (n = 39, 26%). Univariate analysis showed that ICU mortality was associated with an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score >20, a sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA score) > 12, a high lactate level, anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hyperbilirubinemia, a high international normalized ratio (INR) and acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Multivariate analysis identified thrombocytopenia, high INR, and acute GVHD as independent predictors of mortality. In AYA allo-HSCT patients admitted to the ICU, mortality remains high. Higher SOFA and APACHE scores, the need for organ support, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, and acute GVHD predict poor outcomes.

Combination of metagenomic next-generation sequencing and conventional tests unraveled pathogen profiles in infected patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Jilin Province of China.

Infection is the main cause of death for patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, pathogen profiles still have not been reported in detail due to their heterogeneity caused by geographic region. To evaluate the performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and summarize regional pathogen profiles of infected patients after HSCT. From February 2021 to August 2022, 64 patients, admitted to the Department of Hematology of The First Hospital of Jilin University for HSCT and diagnosed as suspected infections, were retrospectively enrolled. A total of 38 patients were diagnosed as having infections, including bloodstream (n =17), pulmonary (n =16), central nervous system (CNS) (n =4), and chest (n =1) infections. Human betaherpesvirus 5 (CMV) was the most common pathogen in both bloodstream (n =10) and pulmonary (n =8) infections, while CNS (n =2) and chest (n =1) infections were mainly caused by Human gammaherpesvirus 4 (EBV). For bloodstream infection, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (n =3), Staphylococcus epidermidis (n =1), and Candida tropicalis (n =1) were also diagnosed as causative pathogens. Furthermore, mNGS combined with conventional tests can identify more causative pathogens with high sensitivity of 82.9% (95% CI 70.4-95.3%), and the total coincidence rate can reach up to 76.7% (95% CI 64.1-89.4%). Our findings emphasized the importance of mNGS in diagnosing, managing, and ruling out infections, and an era of more rapid, independent, and impartial diagnosis of infections after HSCT can be expected.

Uptake of human papilloma virus vaccine and its determinants among females in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionCervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women. It is the main cause of death among women in sub-Saharan African countries. Particularly, the incidence and mortality rates are highest in East Africa. Even though the burden of human papilloma virus-related cervical cancer is high in East Africa, there is no conclusive evidence about the prevalence of human papilloma virus vaccine uptake and its predictors.ObjectiveTo assess the pooled prevalence of human papilloma virus vaccine uptake and its determinants in East Africa.MethodEligible articles were searched on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Google. Those articles incorporating the outcome of interest, both analytical and descriptive study designs, and published or unpublished articles at any time were included. Keywords and Medical Subjects Heading terms or synonyms of human papilloma virus vaccine and Boolean operators were used to retrieve the articles. To assure the quality of articles, Joana Brigg’s Institute critical appraisal checklist for cross-sectional studies was used. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the heterogeneity among the studies, and a random effect model was used to analyze the pooled effect size.ResultA total of 29 articles were included, and the pooled prevalence of HPV vaccine uptake in East Africa was 35% (95% CI: 26–45%). Good knowledge (OR = 1.6, 95%CI; 1.43–1.8), positive attitude (OR = 2.54, 95% CI; 2.13–3.03), ever heard about HPV vaccine (OR = 1.41, 95% CI; 1.03–1.94), mother educational status above college (OR = 1.84, 95%CI; 1.03–3.31), middle wealth index (OR = 1.33, 95%CI; 1.04–1.7), ≥ 9 family size (OR = 0.76, 95%CI; 0.68–0.98), availability of promotion (OR = 2.53, 95%CI: 1.51–4.26), availability of adequate vaccine (OR = 4.84, 95%CI; 2.9–8.08), outreach vaccination practice (OR = 1.47, 95%CI; 1.02–2.12) and family support (OR = 4.3, 95% CI; 2.98–6.21) were the significant factors for the uptake of human papilloma virus vaccine.ConclusionAs compared to the global strategic plan, the pooled prevalence of HPV vaccine uptake in east Africa was low. The uptake of the HPV vaccine was higher among adolescents than youths. Knowledge about the HPV vaccine, attitude towards the HPV vaccine, ever hearing about the HPV vaccine, residence, mother’s educational status, mother’s occupational status, wealth index, and family size were the significant determinants of HPV vaccine uptake. Therefore, we recommend focusing on awareness creation and behavioral change to expand the uptake of vaccines in East Africa.

Transcriptomic sequencing analysis of key long noncoding RNAs and mRNAs expression profiles in postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Recurrence is the main cause of death in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after liver resection. The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported participated in progression and prognosis of HCC, however, the vital role of lncRNA in postoperative recurrence of HCC has rarely been systematically identified. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed between orthotopic model of HCC and hepatoma postoperative recurrent model to comprehensively analyze the integrated transcriptome expression profiles of lncRNA and mRNA. Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was then conducted to quantify the expression levels of DElncRNAs and their target mRNAs. In our study, 211 lncRNAs (P-value < 0.05) and 1125 mRNAs (P-adjust < 0.05) were significantly differentially expressed (DE) between two groups. Moreover, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses showed that DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs were mainly enriched in lipid metabolism, including Arachidonic acid metabolism, PPAR signaling pathway, Steroid hormone biosynthesis, Linoleic acid metabolism, Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels, and Fatty acid degradation. Furthermore, we constructed lncRNA-mRNA interaction networks and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and verified by qRT-PCR, suggesting that increased DEIncRNAs (XLOC_063499 and XLOC_042016) may prevent HCC recurrence after surgery by upregulating on targeted cytochrome P450 (CYP) family genes in the lipid metabolism pathway, such as cyp3a16, cyp3a44, cyp2c39, cyp2c40 and cyp2c68. Overall, Our findings provided new insights for further investigation of biological function in lncRNA related HCC recurrence.

Left ventricular hypertrophy and left atrial diameter are associated with mortality risk in haemodialysis patients: a retrospective cohort study.

Cardiovascular death is the main cause of death in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and left atrial diameter (LAD) enlargement are frequent cardiac alterations in patients with ESKD and are major risk factors for cardiovascular events. However, it remains unclear whether there is an association between combined LAD or LVH and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality in this population. A single-centre, retrospective cohort study including 576 haemodialysis (HD) patients was conducted. Patients were evaluated by cardiac ultrasound, and the study cohort was divided into four groups according to LAD and LVH status: low LAD and non-LVH; low LAD and LVH; high LAD and non-LVH; and high LAD and LVH. We used Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression to analyse all-cause and cardiovascular mortality after multivariate adjustment. LAD was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 2.371, 1.602-3.509; p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between LVH and the risk of all-cause mortality. Patients with high LAD and LVH had significantly greater all-cause and cardiovascular mortality than did those with low LAD and non-LVH after adjustments for numerous potential confounders (HR 3.080, 1.608-5.899; p = 0.001) (HR 4.059, 1.753-9.397; p = 0.001). Among maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients, LAD was more strongly associated with mortality than was LVH. A high LAD and LVH are associated with a greater risk of mortality. Our results emphasize that the occurrence of LAD and LVH in combination provides information that may be helpful in stratifying the risk of MHD patients.

Health Services Strategy of Adolescent Sexual Reproductive Health in Developing Countries

Background: In the developing country 1 in 5 women give birth before the age of 18 years old. The problem of pregnancy is part of the main causes of death in youth between 15 to 19 years old, especially because of abortion complications and unsafe childbirth. Aims: To determine the strategy of health services for adolescent reproduction in developing countries. Method: using the design of scoping review with PRISMA-ScR checklist. Using Arksey and O'Malley in the form of (1) identified research questions, (2) identified relevant articles, (3) chosen articles, (4) data mapping and (5) presented data/result, discussion, and conclusion. Finding articles using 4 databases Ebsco, ScienceDirect, Pubmed, and Wiley Online Library. Results: The strategy of health service for adolescent reproduction in developing countries that can be done is health education/comprehensive sexuality education (CSE), youth-friendly service, and model of sexuality education enhancement (SEE). Conclusion: all of the three strategies the most applied is youth-friendly service followed by health education in the form of CSE. For the next research, it is expected to be able to analyze and evaluate a more dominant strategy also more effective in handling sexual health and adolescent reproduction both in developed countries and developing countries.

Progress in resistance mechanisms to -lactamase inhibitors

One of the main causes of death for people is bacterial infections. Among them, enzyme-mediated antibiotic resistance has been a serious problem and is a serious threat to public health security. The use of enzyme inhibitors can effectively deal with this problem, and antibiotics can be used in conjunction with inhibitors to partially restore their activity and enable them to function as antibacterial agents. Therefore, the development of new enzyme inhibitors is particularly important. In this paper, -lactamases were analyzed and studied, and the resistance mechanisms of two different types of -lactamases were reviewed. In addition, it is summarized that the enzyme inhibitors that can block the antibacterial effect of the enzyme and can reactivate the activity of the antibiotic. However, there is still a gap in the research of metallo--lactamases inhibitors, which is also the main direction of research and development in the future.

The Association of Age, Parity, and History of Cesarean Section with the Occurrence of Placenta Accreta Spectrum (Pas) at H. Adam Malik Hospital in Medan 2020-2022

Background: Maternal mortality rate (MMR) is an indicator of the quality of midwifery services in a country. Postpartum hemorrhage is a serious life-threatening complication and the main cause of maternal death especially that caused by placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). This study aims to determine the relationship between age, parity, and history of cesarean section on the incidence of PAS at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan in 2020-2022.Method: This study was an analytic-observational study with a cross-sectional design. The data used came from the medical records, including information about the population of mothers who gave birth, maternal age at delivery, parity, and previous history of cesarean section. Statistical analysis used univariate and bivariate chi-square tests.Result: The study subjects were 84 people selected by simple random sampling method. The results of the univariate analysis showed the highest frequency of age &gt;32 years, parity 3-4 times, and a history of cesarean section ≥ 2. The results of bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between age and the incidence of PAS (p=0.016), parity and the incidence of PAS (p&lt;0.001), and a history of cesarean section and the incidence of PAS (p=0.004).Conclusion: There is a relationship between age, parity, and history of cesarean section with the incidence of PAS at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan in 2020-2022.

Candent issues in pneumonia. Reflections from the Fifth Annual Meeting of Spanish Experts 2023.

Pneumonia is a multifaceted illness with a wide range of clinical manifestations, degree of severity and multiple potential causing microorganisms. Despite the intensive research of recent decades, community-acquired pneumonia remains the third-highest cause of mortality in developed countries and the first due to infections; and hospital-acquired pneumonia is the main cause of death from nosocomial infection in critically ill patients. Guidelines for management of this disease are available world wide, but there are questions which generate controversy, and the latest advances make it difficult to stay them up to date. A multidisciplinary approach can overcome these limitations and can also aid to improve clinical results. Spanish medical societies involved in diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia have made a collaborative effort to actualize and integrate last expertise about this infection. The aim of this paper is to reflect this knowledge, communicated in Fifth Pneumonia Day in Spain. It reviews the most important questions about this disorder, such as microbiological diagnosis, advances in antibiotic and sequential therapy, management of beta-lactam allergic patient, preventive measures, management of unusual or multi-resistant microorganisms and adjuvant or advanced therapies in Intensive Care Unit.

The Role of IRF8 Polymorphisms in Systemic Sclerosis Development and Pathogenesis

The Role of IRF8 Polymorphisms in Systemic Sclerosis Development and Pathogenesis

Global acetylome profiling indicates EPA impedes but OA promotes prostate cancer motility through altered acetylation of PFN1 and FLNA.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer morbidity and mortality in men. Metastasis is the main cause of PCa-associated death. Recent evidence indicated a significant reduction in PCa mortality associated with higher ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) consumption. However, the underlying mechanisms remained elusive. In this study, we applied global acetylome profiling to study the effect of fatty acids treatment. Results indicated that oleic acid (OA, monounsaturated fatty acid, MUFA, 100 µM) elevates while EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 100 µM) reduces the acetyl-CoA level, which alters the global acetylome. After treatment, two crucial cell motility regulators, PFN1 and FLNA, were found with altered acetylation levels. OA increased the acetylation of PFN1 and FLNA, whereas EPA decreased PFN1 acetylation level. Furthermore, OA promotes while EPA inhibits PCa migration and invasion. Immunofluorescence assay indicated that EPA impedes the formation of lamellipodia or filopodia through reduced localization of PFN1 and FLNA to the leading edge of cells. Therefore, perturbed acetylome may be one critical step in fatty acid-affected cancer cell motility. This study provides some new insights into the response of ω-3 PUFAs treatment and a better understanding of cancer cell migration and invasion modulation.

Associations between sleep problems and cardiometabolic risk in maintenance hemodialysis patients: A multicenter study

The incidence of cardiovascular disease is increasing around the world, and it is one of the main causes of death in chronic kidney diseases patients. It is urgent to early identify the factors of cardiometabolic risk. Sleep problems have been recognized as a risk factor for cardiometabolic risk in both healthy people and chronic patients. However, the relationship between sleep problems and cardiometabolic risk has not been clearly explored in hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep problems and cardiometabolic risk in 3025 hemodialysis patients by a multicenter study. After adjusting for confounders, binary logistic regression models showed that hemodialysis patients reported sleep duration greater than 7 h were more likely to be with hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Patients reported sleep duration less than 7 h were more likely to be with hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia, but the risks of hyperglycemia and Low HDL-cholesterol were decreased. Poor sleep quality was negatively correlated to low HDL cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia. Moreover, gender-based differences were explained.

Integrated analysis of ceRNA-miRNA changes in paraquat-induced pulmonary epithelial-mesenchymal transition via high-throughput sequencing.

Recent studies have shown that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in paraquat (PQ)-induced tissue fibrosis, which is the main cause of death in patients with PQ poisoning. However, no effective treatment for pulmonary interstitial fibrosis caused by PQ poisoning exists. It is of great significance for us to find new therapeutic targets through bioinformatics in PQ-induced EMT. We conducted transcriptome sequencing to determine the expression profiles of 1210 messenger RNAs (mRNAs), 558 long noncoding RNAs, 28 microRNAs (miRNAs), including 18 known-miRNAs, 10 novel-miRNAsand 154 circular RNAs in the PQ-exposed EMT group mice. Using gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes analyses, we identified the pathways associated with signal transduction, cancers, endocrine systemsand immune systems were involved in PQ-induced EMT. Furthermore, we constructedlong noncoding RNA-miRNA-mRNA interrelated networks and found that upregulated genes included Il22ra2, Mdm4, Slc35e2and Angptl4, and downregulated genes included RGS2, Gabpb2, Acvr1, Prkd3, Sp100, Tlr12, Syt15and Camk2d. Thirteen new potential competitive endogenous RNA targets were also identified for further treatment of PQ-induced pulmonary tissue fibrosis. Through further study of the pathway and networks, we may identify new molecular targets in PQ-induced pulmonary EMT.

PLGA-PEI nanoparticle covered with poly(I:C) for personalised cancer immunotherapy.

Melanoma is the main cause of death among skin cancers and its incidence worldwide has been experiencing an appalling increase. However, traditional treatments lack effectiveness in advanced or metastatic patients. Immunotherapy, meanwhile, has been shown to be an effective treatment option, but the rate of cancers responding remains far from ideal. Here we have developed a personalized neoantigen peptide-based cancer vaccine by encapsulating patient derived melanoma neoantigens in polyethylenimine (PEI)-functionalised poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) and coating them with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)). We found that PLGA NPs can be effectively modified to be coated with the immunoadjuvant poly(I:C), as well as to encapsulate neoantigens. In addition, we found that both dendritic cells (DCs) and lymphocytes were effectively stimulated. Moreover, the developed NP was found to have a better immune activation profile than NP without poly(I:C) or without antigen. Our results demonstrate that the developed vaccine has a high capacity to activate the immune system, efficiently maturing DCs to present the antigen of choice and promoting the activity of lymphocytes to exert their cytotoxic function. Therefore, the immune response generated is optimal and specific for the elimination of melanoma tumour cells.

APRENDIZAJE AUTOMÁTICO PARA EL DIAGNÓSTICO MÉDICO PREDICTIVO, APLICACIÓN EN ZONAS INDUSTRIALES

Environmental pollution is a risk factor for chronic diseases (CD), which today are identified as the main cause of death in the world, 80% in low- and middle-income countries, in people of all ages. Given that industrial areas maintain a high rate of air pollution, their inhabitants are considered highly vulnerable, such is the case of the Metropolitan Area of Tula Hgo., in Mexico. At the request of the World Health Organization to integrate vulnerable populations to the quality of life through innovative strategies, the present study aims to build prediction models for CD of higher frequency in the area, to support predictive diagnosis through machine learning algorithms, recognized for their high performance in health areas. Based on the CRISP-DM methodology, requirements, characteristics and data behavior were analyzed, exhaustive cleaning and minmax scaler normalization were performed, the models were trained and validated with 80% - 20% of records, dropout and early stopping were applied to combat overtraining. The comparative analysis between 9 built models demonstrated the best performance of 3 of them, one for each EC; the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for respiratory diseases and Random Forest (RF) for diabetes and high blood pressure. Its results of accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity and F1-score were 99%, 99%, 100%, 99% and 99.49% respectively for ANN, the RF model for diabetes obtained 98%, 100%, 97%, 100% and 98.7% and for arterial hypertension 95%, 97%, 94, 97% and 95.47%, these models were integrated into a graphical interface. The proposal constitutes a high-precision technological strategy for prevention and early diagnosis of CD in industrial areas, aimed at reducing mortality and improving the quality of life of the inhabitants.

Effect of Some natural products against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in mice: A Review

Cancer is a serious disease and it is one of the main causes of death, and it is considered the second cause, after people who suffer from heart failure. Through the statistics, Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, with a rate of 99% in women and 1% in men. It is very complex, and patients with this type of cancer may face numerous challenges during their treatment period. It was determined that the death rate from cancer had decreased by 1.5%, but it is expected to increase in the future due to an increase in cancer cases (breast, prostate). Ehrlich model is a cancer that grows inside a mouse. Its origin is spontaneous mammary carcinoma, and when it spreads within the mouse, it takes two forms, either ascitic or solid. Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma is a spontaneous breast cancer that has a very high importance in scientific research. It is undifferentiated and has a short life. This type of cancer was used for the first time in 1932, when it was used inside the mouse in the abdomen, and a type of fluid was obtained for this called ( Ehrlich's ascites) due to the liquid substance on which cancer cells depend and consider it food and a means for rapid tumor growth, EAC deficiency causes anemia and thus causes a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin, EAC causes an increase in urea and a decrease in creatinine, and EAC causes an increase in liver enzymes and a decrease in total protein.Natural products are the only and most effective products that lead to the development of drugs, especially anti-cancer drugs and anti-inflammatories. Through studies, it has become clear that natural products are a source of drugs.

Neutrophil Nanodecoys Inhibit Tumor Metastasis by Blocking the Interaction between Tumor Cells and Neutrophils.

Cancer metastasis is the main cause of cancer-related deaths and involves the interaction between tumor cells and neutrophils. In this study, we developed activated neutrophil membrane-coated nanoparticles (aNEM NPs) as nanodecoys to block neutrophil-mediated cancer metastasis. The aNEM NPs were fabricated by cloaking poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles with membranes derived from activated neutrophils and inherited the functional proteins of activated neutrophils. We demonstrated that aNEM NPs could interfere with the recruitment of neutrophils to the primary tumor and premetastatic niches, inhibit the adhesion of neutrophils to tumor vascular endothelium and circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and disrupt the formation of CTC-neutrophil clusters in vitro and in vivo. In 4T1-bearing mice, aNEM NPs could effectively reduce breast cancer metastasis to various organs in mice. Our results suggest that aNEM NPs are a promising nanomedicine for preventing or treating cancer metastasis by acting as neutrophil nanodecoys.