Main Information Carrier Research Articles

Graph and Network Methods for Automating the Design of Disassembly Processes for Complex Technical Systems. Review

During the operation of a complex machine or device, it is necessary to perform complete or partial disassembly of the product and its individual components and assemblies. Disassembly operations are required for repair, maintenance and disposal of technical system components at the end of their service life. Modern technical systems can consist of several thousand (or more) parts and components. Therefore, it is necessary to use modern computing and design automation tools to plan disassembly processes and operations. The sequence of disassembly and the content of disassembly operations largely depend on the mechanical structure of the product. To model the mechanical structures of complex products in CAD-systems, various graph and network models are mainly used. The paper gives an overview of the most popular models of this type. The main carrier of information about the mechanical structure of a product is the so-called liaison graph. The review considers design procedures for synthesizing disassembly processes using the liaison graph. Procedures of expert ordering and procedures based on cuts in the liaison graph.

Innovative Application of Intelligent Internet of Things in Smart Cities

The Internet of Things, as an important component of the new generation of information technology system, regards the Internet as the main carrier of information, enabling all ordinary physical objects that can be independently addressed to achieve interconnectivity. This is the key to promoting urban modernization and building smart cities. This paper analyzes and studies the application of Internet of Things technology in smart cities. Based on the understanding of relevant concepts, it aims to understand the relationship between IoT technologies and smart city construction, clarify the role of Internet of Things in smart city construction, and the challenges currently faced by IoT technologies in smart city application. Therefore, taking the smart community as the starting point, the application of the smart Internet of Things in the smart community is completed through eight steps: demand analysis, planning and design, sensor and device deployment, data collection, data storage, data analysis, control and scheduling, and user application development. The experiment results show that after establishing a smart community control platform based on smart IoT technologies, the failure rate of the comprehensive information sending end, receiving end, output system, and hardware system is low, the user experience satisfaction is high, and the platform performance is strong.

REFLECTING THE LIFE AND ACTIVITIES OF THE STUDENT YOUTH ON THE PAGES OF THE REPUBLICAN NEWSPAPER «SOVETSKAYA CHUVASHIA» (2000–2023)

Studying the activities of youth organizations is an important problem in the historiography of Russian social policy. Such associations, created on the basis of young people’s interests, affect a wide variety of fields of their activities. As a result, addressing youth policy and students, which is a priority task of the state in modern conditions, becomes the most relevant area of research. An attentive attitude of the authorities to this aspect of the political and socio-economic life of the Russian Federation is characteristic of both the Center and the country’s regions, since its manifestation is associated with the functioning of various youth platforms and associations throughout the territory of the Russian state. The purpose of the article is to study the main activities of student youth based on publications in the republican newspaper «Sovetskaya Chuvashia» in 2000–2023. Materials and methods. The periodical «Sovetskaya Chuvashia» is taken as a historical source to study student youth’s activities. This choice was not made not by coincidence, since this newspaper is one of the important periodicals of the Chuvash Republic, the regional mass media, in which news information is regularly provided. When preparing the article, the author adhered to the basic approaches and methods of scientific analysis of historical material. Problem-chronological, comparative-historical methods and a systematic approach were important in clarifying the topic. Results. The newspaper «Sovetskaya Chuvashia» dates back to 1917. For many years, it has been acting as an indispensable source of information, the pages of which covered political, scientific, socio-economic, and sports life of the Chuvash Republic. The newspaper’s coverage of student youth activities is conditionally divided into four groups: student organizations and public policy; sports and leisure; youth science; creative, socially significant events and the educational system. The coverage of publications under study includes a relatively recent period of time – from 2000 to 2023. Conclusions. The information provided gives the opportunity to assess the historical sources, the value of which lies in the fact that they reflect the spirit of the times, make it possible to record individual facts and events, and convey the emotional background of the historical period. The main carrier of such pristine source information is the media. In this regard, in our opinion, «Sovetskaya Chuvashia» can certainly be considered as an informative source for revealing regional history. For more than 100 years of its existence, it includes a unique collection of articles, memoirs, interviews, excerpts from the regulatory framework, and photographic documents, which are valuable for research work. The activities of the student youth in Chuvashia and Russia as a whole should also be considered in this way.

The diagnostic and therapeutic potential of exosomal proteins in breast cancer

Exosomes are membrane vesicles 30–150 nm in size released by cells upon fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. A distinctive feature of these vesicles is the presence of the surface tetraspanins CD9, CD63, and CD81. The Rab family of small GTPases, including Rab27A and Rab27B, controls various steps in exosome release, including transport of multivesicular bodies and fusion of the multivesicular body to the plasma membrane. It is commonly accepted to date that exosomes are the main carriers of information between cells under physiological conditions, such as mammary development and lactation, and under pathological conditions, such as breast cancer. This review considers the peculiarities of exosome formation, secretion and transport, their composition and role in normal and breast cancer, as well as the prospects for using these vesicles to develop early non-invasive diagnostics and improve the effectiveness of anti-tumor therapy.

Humour in Multimodal Textbooks for Slovene in Primary School

Research mostly establishes the benefits of humour in the learning process when used properly. We determine how primary school textbooks for Slovene as a mother tongue use verbal and pictorial semiotic resources to create humour when learning grammar, which resources are used more often, and how humour is perceived by pupils. Images are the main carrier of information in the creation of humour. An essential component of it is discrepancy with reality, most often expressed as exaggeration. For pupils aged 8 and 10, the involvement of humour is more important than for pupils aged 14.

Study on the Consciousness of National Community among Minority Youth

Chinese national community consciousness is group consciousness. To cultivate a sense of community among ethnic minority youth from the general rules of human consciousness activities and the characteristics of their psychosocial development stages, it is necessary to explore the path of constructing the content of the elements of community consciousness in the institutional system, policy system and school educational system, which are the main information carriers. The system of institutions and policies provides the material guarantee and spiritual guidance for the macro environment of youth development, while the education system of schools acts as a "flexible" communicator, starting from the construction of campus culture, to provide the physical and psychological space for ethnic minority youth to interact and communicate in an equal, free and harmonious manner. At the same time, the improvement of the teaching system focuses on the integration of cultural awareness, historical knowledge, career development planning closely related to youth development, and ethnic policy content. The students' perception and construction of the content of the community elements are enhanced through a curriculum model that reflects the students' subject and an emotional experience that follows the students' cognitive rules.

The applicability of informative textural features for the detection of factors negatively influencing the growth of wheat on aerial images

Automated processing of aerospace information makes it possible to effectively solve scientific and applied problems in cartography, ecology, oceanology, exploration and development of minerals, agriculture and forestry, and many other areas. At the same time, the main way to extract information is to decipher images, which are the main carrier of information about the area. Aerospace images are a combination of natural texture regions and man-made objects. This article discusses methods for analyzing texture images. The main tasks of the analysis of texture areas include the selection and formation of features that describe texture differences, the selection and segmentation of texture areas, the classification of texture areas, and the identification of an object by texture. Depending on the features of the texture areas of the images used, segmentation methods based on area analysis can be divided into statistical, structural, fractal, spectral, and combined methods. The article discusses textural features for the analysis of texture images, and defines informative textural features to identify negative factors for crop growth. To solve the tasks, textural features are used. Much attention is paid to the development of software tools that allow to highlight the features that describe the differences in textures for the segmentation of texture areas. This approach is universal and has great potential on the studied aerospace image to identify objects and boundaries of regions with different properties using clustering based on images of the same surface area taken in different vegetation periods. That is, the question of the applicability of sets of texture features and other parameters for the analysis of experimental data is being investigated.

Etique in the context of mental features

The purpose of the article is to identify the features of etiquette as a specific reflection of the inherent ethnicity of the worldview, worldview and ideas through the prism of the phenomenon of mentality. Research methodology. The systematic method and the concrete-historical method of research were applied, which helped to clarify the relationship between the national mentality, etiquette and culture of communication; historical and descriptive methods; structural-semantic method necessary to identify the structure of national etiquette; method of comparative analysis of mentality and national and cultural features of etiquette. Scientific novelty. The national and cultural features of verbal and nonverbal etiquette in the context of the specifics of the phenomenon of mentality are studied; national etiquette is considered through the prism of cultural background as a specific reflection of the worldview, worldview and ideas inherent in a particular ethnic group; the main characteristics of the mentality of Ukrainians, British and Chinese, which explain the specifics of etiquette, are analyzed. Conclusions. The study found that etiquette is an essential element of the national culture of the people, reflecting its national and cultural specifics and lifestyle features. By means of certain stereotypes, verbal and nonverbal elements, etiquette reflects the worldview of the people and their worldview, the surrounding reality and the value essence of the picture of the world. Etiquette from generation to generation reproduces the cultural and national specifics and customs of the people, is a unique tool for translating the mental background and reflects the uniqueness of national features of philosophical and ideological vision, ethnopsychology, material and spiritual culture of society. It is stated that etiquette is one of the main carriers of ethnocultural information and a means of expressing special features of ethnic mentality. Specific elements of etiquette forms with ethnocultural components reflect the national picture of the world, convey the image of society. National features of etiquette have been formed over the centuries under the influence of cultural and historical features of people's development and perform both ethnoconsolidating and ethnodifferentiating functions, acting as an important feature of the ethnos and distinguishing it from other ethnic groups. Analysis of the mentality and etiquette of representatives of different cultures, in particular, Ukrainians, British and Chinese, shows that etiquette, as a mirror of national character, is concentrated in the nation's worldview, mediated by a variety of extracultural factors. Cultural values of people, the specifics of their lives, of course, play an important role in the formation of etiquette and are reflected in the rules of etiquette of a nation.
 Key words: etiquette, national and cultural specifics, mentality, people, worldview, cultural values

Music Morphology Interaction under Artificial Intelligence in Wireless Network Environment.

Music has become the main information carrier, and music and its emotional expression are accurately classified to obtain relevant information. However, how to classify music accurately is a problem that needs to be discussed. The concept and feature extraction strategy of the morphology of music are described. Moreover, the feature extraction and morphological classification elements of digital music are introduced. Next, music morphology is recognized and classified based on the neural network and relief algorithm. In the network, by randomly selecting different music types, the audio data is input into the neural network as the original data and processed by the relief algorithm. The classification and recognition accuracy of the Relief algorithm are verified by changing the number of iterations. The results show that the model's classification accuracy based on the number of iterations is 78.958%. Then, the traditional statistical analysis classification method's performance is compared with the proposed model. The recognition accuracy of the model proposed reaches 92%, which shows that the model can effectively classify music morphology. This study provides a theoretical basis for music morphology recognition in the wireless network environment.

The Transmission of Intergenerational Epigenetic Information by Sperm microRNAs.

Epigenetic information is transmitted from one generation to the next, modulating the phenotype of offspring non-genetically in organisms ranging from plants to mammals. For intergenerational non-genetic inheritance to occur, epigenetic information must accumulate in germ cells. The three main carriers of epigenetic information—histone post-translational modifications, DNA modifications, and RNAs—all exhibit dynamic patterns of regulation during germ cell development. For example, histone modifications and DNA methylation are extensively reprogrammed and often eliminated during germ cell maturation and after fertilization during embryogenesis. Consequently, much attention has been given to RNAs, specifically small regulatory RNAs, as carriers of inherited epigenetic information. In this review, we discuss examples in which microRNAs have been implicated as key players in transmitting paternal epigenetic information intergenerationally.

Primo Vascular System: Before the Past, Bizarre Present and Peek After the Future.

Is Primo Vascular System (PVS) a paradox? Finding the connection between PVS as a carrier of information and the body's reactions at the micro and macro levels will be the starting point in understanding the meaning of life as such. The initial phase of medicine in all cultures is reduced to the transfer of specific energy by special pathways throughout the body! This is the case in China, India, Japan, Korea, Tibet, etc. Undoubtedly, the five articles by B. H. Kim published in the early 1960s are considered to be the past of PVS. PVS studies after 2002 are accepted as a present. Most of the articles on the topic are in journals with editors-in-chief originating and/or accepting the achievements of Eastern medicine. Is the science of PVS local since its research is in journals that publish mainly articles on Eastern medicine? Why few of the articles concerning PVS are in Western medicine journals? All substances, objects, biological objects generate a weak electromagnetic radiation typical for each of them which is a passport of the information. PVS has all the data to be the main carrier of information. Information medicine and Quantum Biology can serve as a basis for medicine and biomedical sciences, and it should explain the processes that exist for the change of DNA and organisms in.

Segmentation of aerospace images by a non-standard approach using informative textural features

The article presents an analysis of a non-standard approach to the segmentation of textural areas in aerospace images. The question of the applicability of sets of textural features for the analysis of experimental data is being investigated to identify characteristic areas on aerospace images that in the future it will be possible to identify types of crops, weeds, diseases, and pests. The selection of suitable algorithms was carried out and appropriate software tools were created on Matlab 2021a and in the software package for statistical analysis Statistica 12. The main way to extract information is to decrypt images, which are the main carrier of information about the underlying surface. The main tasks of texture area analysis include selection and formation of features describing textural differences; selection and segmentation of textural areas; classification of textural areas; identification of an object by texture. To solve the tasks, spectral brightness coefficient (SBC), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), textural features of various crops and weeds. Much attention will be paid to the development of software tools that allow the selection of features describing textural differences for the segmentation of textural areas into subdomains. That is the question of the applicability of sets of textural features and other parameters for the analysis of experimental data to identify types of soils and soils, vegetation types, humidity, crop damage in aerospace images will be resolved. This approach is universal and has great potential for identifying objects using image clustering. To identify the boundaries of areas with different properties of the image under study, images of the same surface area taken at different times are considered.

MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI BLOCKCHAIN UNTUK MEMASTIKAN KEAMANAN

The use of Blockchain in the Internet of Things networks is an innovative approach that can make communication between devices of such a network distributed, autonomous and secure. The blockchain in this context is a set of cryptographically connected blocks. Transactions in the network act as the main carriers of information about the state of the nodes, as well as the output information of the nodes themselves for the autonomous functioning of the network. A node is a "smart" device, a sensor, or a microcontroller that connects a group of sensors. Blockchain will be used to provide secure data transmission and processing of devices in the Internet of Things network. This article discusses the main opportunities and challenges in the application of technology in distributed networks.

AN ANALYSIS OF LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE IN INNER MONGOLIA AUTONOMOUS REGION: A CASE STUDY OF BAYANNUR CITY

As the main carrier of information, language signs can be seen everywhere in public, such as various shop signs, guideboards, warning signs, billboards and posters. However, people rarely pay attention to them and the meaning they embody. Linguistic landscape is one of the hot topics in sociolinguistics and applied linguistics. Therefore, based on the research framework of Rosenbaum’s investigation of Keren Kayemet Street in Jerusalem, Israel, this paper intends to investigate the linguistic landscape of public signs in Bayannur City of Inner Mongolia, in order to understand the language use in the linguistic landscape of Bayannur City. In addition, relevant empirical data can provide some reference for the language planning and language policies of the City language Commission and government departments.

Cortico-muscular functional network: an exploration of cortico-muscular coupling in hand movements

Objective. The main objective of this research was to study cortico-muscular, intra-cortical, and inter-muscular coupling. Herein, we established a cortico-muscular functional network (CMFN) to assess the network differences associated with making a fist, opening the hand, and wrist flexion. Approach. We used transfer entropy (TE) to calculate the causality between electroencephalographic and electromyographic data and established the TE connection matrix. We then applied graph theory to analyze the clustering coefficient, global efficiency, and small-world attributes of the CMFN. We also used Relief-F to extract the features of the TE connection matrix of the beta2 band for the different hand movements and observed high accuracy when this feature was used for action recognition. Main results. We found that the CMFN of the three actions in the beta band had small-world attributes, among which the beta2 band’s small-world was stronger. Moreover, we found that the extracted features were mainly concentrated in the left frontal area, left motor area, occipital lobe, and related muscles, suggesting that the CMFN could be used to assess the coupling differences between the cortex and the muscles that are associated with different hand movements. Overall, our results showed that the beta2 (21–35 Hz) wave is the main information carrier between the cortex and the muscles, and the CMFN can be used in the beta2 band to assess cortico-muscular coupling. Significance. Our study preliminarily explored the CMFN associated with hand movements, providing additional insights regarding the transmission of information between the cortex and the muscles, thereby laying a foundation for future rehabilitation therapy targeting pathological cortical areas in stroke patients.

A System for Noise Control of the Technical Condition of Railroad Bridges and Tunnels in Seismically Active Regions

The authors analyze the technical condition of objects of railroad communications with modern bridges, tunnels, stations, overpasses, crossings and power installations. It is noted that, based on the specific features of such objects, control of their technical condition in most cases is carried out at certain intervals. At the same time, existing continuous control systems do not always adequately assess the technical condition of rail infrastructure objects due to the presence of additional noises in the processed signals at the time when a malfunction occurs. In this regard, one of the possible options is proposed for "continuous" monitoring of the beginning of changes in the technical condition of railroad tracks by means of noise technologies. It is pointed out that when the technical condition of rail infrastructure changes, vibration signals caused by the impact of rolling stock contain noises in addition to the useful component. The use of correlation and spectral analysis technologies, as well as other traditional methods does not allow ensuring the adequacy of the control results, due to the influence of the noise on useful vibration signals. Therefore, technologies are proposed for split analysis of the useful signal and the noise received from vibration, as well as for forming informative attributes of identification of the technical condition of rail infrastructure. In this case, the estimates of the characteristics of the useful signal and the noise are used as the main carrier of diagnostic information. Due to the simplicity and reliability of the developed theoretical algorithms, the implementation of the technical equipment and its installation in all objects of the railroad track present no particular difficulties. At the same time, the implementation of the Noise system will ensure real-time control of the beginning of changes in the technical condition of railroad tracks during the movement of the rolling stock. This, in turn, will allow timely detection of malfunctions, significantly enhancing the safety of passenger and cargo rail transportation.

Theoretical Basis for the Issue of the Influence of Cultural Values on the Intercultural Communication Development in Modern Society

This article considers the influence of cultural values on intercultural communication development in modern society. It focuses on the theoretical issues of intercultural communication and the degree of influence of cultural elements on its development. The authors note the interrelation between the modern system of intercultural communication development and the cultural model of society. The intercultural communication development implies a close “interaction of cultures” and communication among different nations. According to the authors, the intercultural context identifies the concepts of “interaction” and “communication”. The problem under discussion is of importance due to the identification of the degree to which culture influences the modern system of intercultural communication development. The article considers the mechanism of the influence of cultural values of individual nations on the development of intercultural communication of a person and the ways of its reflection in modern society. Based on the studies of researchers such as A.P. Sadokhina, T.G. Grushevitskaya [8], Wilhelm von Humboldt [9] and others, the article describes various levels of influence of cultural values on the interrelation of nations. The authors deal with the problems of interaction, borrowing, understanding, perception of cultural values characteristic of a certain nation and those attributed to other ones, as well as intercultural conflicts and their solution, phenomena of ethnocentrism and cultural diffusion in the process of intercultural communication development in modern society. The authors number the problems of affective reaction and adaptation among the main problems of intercultural communication development in modern society. They also raise a current issue of cultural globalization and the idea of global culture. The article aims at identifying the degree to which cultural values influence the intercultural communication development in modern society. In order to achieve the aim, the authors set the following tasks: — to analyze the theoretical issues of the influence of cultural values on the intercultural communication development; — to identify the particular features of the influence of cultural values on the intercultural communication development. The interaction between a language and culture of a certain nation is considered as an essential component of the intercultural communication development. The authors accept the view that the linguistic system and cultural values are the main carriers of information about history, traditions, religion and other spheres of the people’s existence. The authors emphasize the mandatory participation of a language and culture in the intercultural communication development. In conclusion, using the formula, the authors confirm the theory of the influence of cultural values on the intercultural communication development in modern society.
 Keywords: communication, development, culture, modern society, individual

Implementation of the cluster economy concept in the accounting system

The paper is devoted to the fundamental aspects of clustering the economy of Ukraine. This topic is important because modern economy of the developed countries, which was previously based on traditional forms, is now impossible without innovation clusters development. Therefore, the investigation of the transformation of innovation systems based on clusters under the influence of crises in the world economy and the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic is very important scientific and practical task. The theoretical experience and essence of the organizational mechanism of cluster structures are considered in this paper. It is determined that the concept of cluster economy offers new types of interaction between business entities, government and other institutions that are interested in increasing competitiveness. Therefore, the study of the cluster approach should be based on theories investigating the relationship between competition and cluster models. It is established that economy clustering strengthens the relationships between economic entities and contributes to the regions competitiveness increase. It is the strengthening of ties between cluster members that promotes the implementation of innovations. Conceptual approaches to cluster structure management are considered. It is determined that the network form of management is based on the use as the subject of cluster management of an independent business unit, which replaces the functional management structures of independent association members. This form of management is based on the high level of trust between the cluster members, as well as on the development of relations between economic entities. The cluster formation requires appropriate changes in the field of management, and this, in turn, affects its main information carrier – the accounting system. The author emphasizes the need to create accounting and analytical support for the cluster management system. The accounting information system should reflect the facts of financial and economic activities of the integrated structure and provide management with the ability to make tactical and strategic decisions. That is why the development of accounting will contribute to obtain more complete and reliable information about the results of the cluster as a group of legally independent, but interconnected in economic and financial terms of organizations.

Conformational variability of DNA double helix

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is one of the main carriers of hereditary information. The structural physicochemical information of DNA ultimately determines the structure and functioning of all living organisms. In DNA, various mutational events accumulate and recombination events occur, which lead to the variability of organisms and are subject to both natural and artificial selection. The interaction "genotype-environment" inherent in all living organisms is also characteristic of DNA, which is located in the intracellular and intranuclear physicochemical environment of water molecules, sugars, metal ions, pH, nucleotides and other components. The establishment and study of the physicochemical properties of native DNA contributes to not only understanding the mechanisms of the structure of the main hereditary biomolecule, but also to clarify their functioning, as well as interaction with other molecules at the molecular level. The discovery of various forms of double helices: A, Aʹ, B, α-Bʹ, β-Bʹ, C, Cʹ, Cʹʹ, D, E and Z suggests the idea of molecular genetic diversity existing at the DNA level and the establishment of their structural and functional features can lead to an understanding of the implementation of genetic information at the general biological level. The structure of natural DNA as a whole, apparently, does not depend on the sequence and nucleotide composition. For natural molecules - satellite DNA with repeats or DNA without repeats, the presence of only A-, B- and C-forms has been confirmed. The structure of DNA depends not only on temperature, but also on the nature of the cations present. The presence of a certain amount of metal ions in the medium can lead to the transition of the B-form of DNA to the Zform. The B ↔ Z transition modifies the general structure of DNA and, therefore, may be important for the regulation of gene expression. The study of the biological role of Z-DNA, possibly in the near future, will help to understand the mechanism of gene expression, primarily of an epigenetic nature, which has not yet been fully elucidated.

Plant and animal chromatin three-dimensional organization: similar structures but different functions.

Chromatin is the main carrier of genetic information and is non-randomly distributed within the nucleus. Next-generation sequence-based chromatin conformation capture technologies have enabled us to directly examine its three-dimensional organization at an unprecedented scale and resolution. In the best-studied mammalian models, chromatin folding can be broken down into three hierarchical levels, compartment, domains, and loops, which play important roles in transcriptional regulation. Although similar structures have now been identified in plants, they might not possess exactly the same functions as the mammalian ones. Here, we review recent Hi-C studies in plants, compare plant chromatin structures with their mammalian counterparts, and discuss the differences between plants with different genome sizes.