Main Campaign Research Articles

Интеграция Востока и Запада в истории

In this article, an attempt was made to study the topical issue of integrating the East and West in a historical perspective. The authors consider important events in world history that influenced the relations between East and West. Especially the main attention is paid to the study of the role of the Huns in Turkic history as part of world history.The Great Migration of peoples in IV-VII centuries was a turning point in world history. It was started by the Hun’s tribal alliance and their movement from the depths of Central Asia to Europe. The greatest territorial expansion of the Hun Empire in the West was under the leadership of Attila. Attila was a great statesman who had done great actions. He was a wise ruler, a skilled diplomat, and a fair judge. With good reason he should be considered a prominent figure in the first millennium AD.This paper has attempted to study Attila’s major campaigns. We will focus on the intricate vicissitudes of the relationship between the Hunnic Empire and the Western Roman Empire, Italy at the time of Attila’s invasion.Being a person who headed the Great Migration in Eurasia and Europe, Attila has a prominent place not only in the history of the Orient, but also in the history of the Occident between the Antiquity and the middle Ages.In this article, authors attempted to study the main campaigns of Attila. At the center of our attention will be the complex difficulties of the relationship between the Hunnish state and the Western Roman Empire, the Italy of the period of Attila’s rule.Research methods and the proof require the use of rare written sources in Latin, Greek languages. Data from archeology, ethnology, and history and modern linguistics interdisciplinary research is especially widely used.

Prezydencki i parlamentarny style kampanii wyborczej

The article is an attempt to present proposals for two election campaign models – presidential and parliamentary. In the journalistic and political science language, the terms ‘presidential marketing’ and ‘parliamentary marketing’ are frequently used, but literature and scientific articles lack wider theoretical reflection on these categories. This text in no place aspires to create the only and universally applicable concept. The author’s intention is to present his own proposal and subject it to scientific discussion. The starting point for building this proposal were the most common concepts in the world literature (‘candidate in the election campaign’, ‘comprehensive political marketing’, ‘evolution of election campaigns’ and ‘concept of contemporary election campaign models’), but mainly based on the proposal of  Marek Jeziński, who over dozen years ago presented models shots of the presidential, parliamentary and self-governmental campaign. The “presidential model” dichotomy – the “parliamentary model” is based on the following criteria: (1) political system conditions, (2) election aim and winner issue (3) nominations of candidates, (4) main campaign product, (5) electoral strategy and (6) the presentation of the campaign in mass media.

Pipeline for the Detection of Serendipitous Stellar Occultations by Kuiper Belt Objects with the Colibri Fast-photometry Array**Code for our detection pipeline and Fresnel diffraction modeling program are publicly available at github.com/ekpass/colibri.

We report results from the preliminary trials of Colibri, a dedicated fast-photometry array for the detection of small Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) through serendipitous stellar occultations. Colibri’s novel data processing pipeline analyzed 4000 star hours with two overlapping-field EMCCD cameras, detecting no KBOs and one false positive occultation event in a high ecliptic latitude field. No occultations would be expected at these latitudes, allowing these results to provide a control sample for the upcoming main Colibri campaign. The empirical false positive rate found by the processing pipeline is consistent with the 0.002% simulation-determined false positive rate. We also describe Colibri’s software design, kernel sets for modeling stellar occultations, and method for retrieving occultation parameters from noisy diffraction curves. Colibri’s main campaign will begin in mid-2018, operating at a 40 Hz sampling rate.

Neighborhood-targeted and case-triggered use of a single dose of oral cholera vaccine in an urban setting: Feasibility and vaccine coverage.

IntroductionIn June 2015, a cholera outbreak was declared in Juba, South Sudan. In addition to standard outbreak control measures, oral cholera vaccine (OCV) was proposed. As sufficient doses to cover the at-risk population were unavailable, a campaign using half the standard dosing regimen (one-dose) targeted high-risk neighborhoods and groups including neighbors of suspected cases. Here we report the operational details of this first public health use of a single-dose regimen of OCV and illustrate the feasibility of conducting highly targeted vaccination campaigns in an urban area.Methodology/Principal findingsNeighborhoods of the city were prioritized for vaccination based on cumulative attack rates, active transmission and local knowledge of known cholera risk factors. OCV was offered to all persons older than 12 months at 20 fixed sites and to select groups, including neighbors of cholera cases after the main campaign (‘case-triggered’ interventions), through mobile teams. Vaccination coverage was estimated by multi-stage surveys using spatial sampling techniques. 162,377 individuals received a single-dose of OCV in the targeted neighborhoods. In these neighborhoods vaccine coverage was 68.8% (95% Confidence Interval (CI), 64.0–73.7) and was highest among children ages 5–14 years (90.0%, 95% CI 85.7–94.3), with adult men being less likely to be vaccinated than adult women (Relative Risk 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68–0.96). In the case-triggered interventions, each lasting 1–2 days, coverage varied (range: 30–87%) with an average of 51.0% (95% CI 41.7–60.3).Conclusions/SignificanceVaccine supply constraints and the complex realities where cholera outbreaks occur may warrant the use of flexible alternative vaccination strategies, including highly-targeted vaccination campaigns and single-dose regimens. We showed that such campaigns are feasible. Additional work is needed to understand how and when to use different strategies to best protect populations against epidemic cholera.

Mobile Health, a Key Factor Enhancing Disease Prevention Campaigns: Looking for Evidences in Kidney Disease Prevention

Background: Progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) failure and kidney diseases are increasing at an alarming rate all over the world. However, despite the remarkable advance in health technology, where it has become possible to successfully screen patients and predict kidney progression, a large portion of the world population is still unaware of their disease and risk exposure. Mobile Health (mHealth) solutions associated with health campaigns and programs proved to be an effective mean to enhance awareness and behaviour change at individual and social level. Objective: The aim of this survey was to present the results of an environmental scan of what has been happening in the field of kidney disease prevention campaigns in recent years, with a focus on the use of mobile health as a tool to enhance the campaign's effects on targeting people and change their behaviour. Methodology: It was conducted a systematic and comprehensive review, combining experimental studies with theoretical perspectives, to look for evidence regarding the evaluation of kidney disease prevention campaigns. The databases consulted for the present survey were: MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, SAGE Journals Online, and Web of Science among other sources, for an analysis period from January 2000 to June 2016. Results: Concerning the 14 analyzed examples with impact on kidney disease prevention campaign evaluation, two main campaigns were referred: The World Kidney Day (WKD) campaign, and the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP). The indicators used in this analisys were in most cases comparable regarding the campaign messages, objectives and interventions tools, although em both cases the use of mHealth or other technologies is residually comparing to other diseases prevention campaigns or programs. Conclusions: This review pointed to the inexistence of behavioural change evidence as a target of the kidney disease prevention campaigns and their evaluation. General deficiencies concerning the use of technology to target and engage populations and lack of theory-based interventions, might have contributed for these results. This study highlights the need for reviewing the campaigns design and methodologies, redesigning strategies all over the campaign processes and the need of developing more tools and indicators, based on technology intervention for population's engagement on campaigns regarding kidney disease prevention.

The Instability of Mjaft Movement and of G99 Party, Leaded by Mr. Veliaj

This paper will analyze the loss of legitimacy of Mjaft Movement and G99 Party when they were directed by Erion Veliaj. Based on the post- structuralist model of philosophy of language, main points that constituted the movement, discourses and different public protests, data taken by an interview of Mr. Veliaj regarding the creation of G99 as a political party, this paper aims to assess their instability. Created as a non-political movement that would identify and solve problems, MJAFT was focused more in conducting awareness campaigns and organizing symbolic protests, than in taking concrete actions on these concerns. Even its main campaign “Nano Leave” ended up in a meeting with the Prime Minister Fatos Nano and none of the 8 points of their decalogue was not mentioned during the meeting. All these premises, followed by the resignation of the leaders of the movement to create G99 Party, planted in the audience the idea that they were looking for a new strategy to make the movement more powerful, an attempt that ended up to be unsuccessful because G99 became part of the Socialist Party. As a consequence, we can say that the use of the movement for personal goals dims the protests and disappoint people who believed they could be organized together for solving their problems.

The Instability of Mjaft Movement and of G99 Party, Leaded by Mr. Veliaj

This paper will analyze the loss of legitimacy of Mjaft Movement and G99 Party when they were directed by Erion Veliaj. Based on the post- structuralist model of philosophy of language, main points that constituted the movement, discourses and different public protests, data taken by an interview of Mr. Veliaj regarding the creation of G99 as a political party, this paper aims to assess their instability. Created as a non-political movement that would identify and solve problems, MJAFT was focused more in conducting awareness campaigns and organizing symbolic protests, than in taking concrete actions on these concerns. Even its main campaign “Nano Leave” ended up in a meeting with the Prime Minister Fatos Nano and none of the 8 points of their decalogue was not mentioned during the meeting. All these premises, followed by the resignation of the leaders of the movement to create G99 Party, planted in the audience the idea that they were looking for a new strategy to make the movement more powerful, an attempt that ended up to be unsuccessful because G99 became part of the Socialist Party. As a consequence, we can say that the use of the movement for personal goals dims the protests and disappoint people who believed they could be organized together for solving their problems.

Monitoring the Topography of a Dynamic Tidal Inlet Using UAV Imagery

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are being increasingly used to monitor topographic changes in coastal areas. Compared to Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data or Terrestrial Laser Scanning data, this solution is low-cost and easy to use, while allowing the production of a Digital Surface Model (DSM) with a similar accuracy. Three campaigns were carried out within a three-month period at a lagoon-inlet system (Bonne-Anse Bay, La Palmyre, France), with a flying wing (eBee) combined with a digital camera. Ground Control Points (GCPs), surveyed by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and post-processed by differential correction, allowed georeferencing DSMs. Using a photogrammetry process (Structure From Motion algorithm), DSMs and orthomosaics were produced. The DSM accuracy was assessed against the ellipsoidal height of a GNSS profile and Independent Control Points (ICPs) and the root mean square discrepancies were about 10 and 17 cm, respectively. Compared to traditional topographic surveys, this solution allows the accurate representation of bedforms with a wavelength of the order of 1 m and a height of 0.1 m. Finally, changes identified between both main campaigns revealed erosion/accretion areas and the progradation of a sandspit. These results open new perspectives to validate detailed morphological predictions or to parameterize bottom friction in coastal numerical models.

FK COMAE BERENICES, KING OF SPIN: THE COCOA-PUFS PROJECT* †

ABSTRACT COCOA-PUFS is an energy-diverse, time-domain study of the ultra-fast spinning, heavily spotted, yellow giant FK Comae Berenices (FK Com: HD117555; G4 III). This single star is thought to be a recent binary merger, and is exceptionally active by measure of its intense ultraviolet (UV) and X-ray emissions, and proclivity to flare. COCOA-PUFS was carried out with the Hubble Space Telescope in the UV (1200–3000 Å), using mainly its high-performance Cosmic Origins Spectrograph, but also high precision Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph; Chandra X-ray Observatory in the soft X-rays (0.5–10 keV), utilizing its High-Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer; together with supporting photometry and spectropolarimetry in the visible from the ground. This is an introductory report on the project. FK Com displayed variability on a wide range of timescales over all wavelengths during the week-long main campaign, including a large X-ray flare; “super-rotational broadening” of the far-ultraviolet “hot lines” (e.g., Si iv 1393 Å; 8 × 104 K) together with chromospheric Mg ii 2800 Å and C ii 1335 Å (1–3 × 104 K); large Doppler swings suggestive of bright regions alternately on advancing and retreating limbs of the star; and substantial redshifts of the epoch-average emission profiles. These behaviors paint a picture of a highly extended, dynamic, hot (∼10 MK) coronal magnetosphere around the star, threaded by cooler structures perhaps analogous to solar prominences and replenished continually by surface activity and flares. Suppression of angular momentum loss by the confining magnetosphere could temporarily postpone the inevitable stellar spindown, thereby lengthening this highly volatile stage of coronal evolution.

Campanhas online e twitter: a interação entre campanhas e eleitores nas eleições presidenciais brasileiras de 2010

Since 1996, researchers from around the world discusses, theoretically and empirically, about which democratic and strategic benefits derives from online direct communication between candidates, political parties and voters as well as how often and with what purpose direct communication is adopted. Specifically, this paper aims at evaluate the frequency of interactive features adoption by the three main candidates running for president of Brazil in 2010 on twitter using a methodological approach to distinguish real interactions between campaigns and voters from messages that contains interactive features but are not translated in real discursive exchanges. I conclude that the three main candidates interacted in significant levels. Notwithstanding, the direct interactions between the three main campaigns and Twitter users were not used to discuss ideas, plans and positions on political issues.

Performance of the cold powered diodes and diode leads in the main magnets of the LHC

During quench tests in 2011 variations in resistance of an order of magnitude were found in the diode by-pass circuit of the main LHC magnets. An investigation campaign was started to understand the source, the occurrence and the impact of the high resistances. Many tests were performed offline in the SM18 test facility with a focus on the contact resistance of the diode to heat sink contact and the diode wafer temperature. In 2014 the performance of the diodes and diode leads of the main dipole bypass systems in the LHC was assessed during a high current qualification test. In the test a current cycle similar to a magnet circuit discharge from 11 kA with a time constant of 100 s was performed. Resistances of up to 600 μΩ have been found in the diode leads at intermediate current, but in general the high resistances decrease at higher current levels and no sign of overheating of diodes has been seen and the bypass circuit passed the test. In this report the performance of the diodes and in particular the contact resistances in the diode leads are analysed with available data acquired over more than 10 years from acceptance test until the main dipole training campaign in the LHC in 2015.

Accounting for Sitting and Moving: An Analysis of Sedentary Behavior in Mass Media Campaigns.

Mass media campaigns are an important tool for promoting health-related physical activity. The relevance of sedentary behavior to public health has propelled it to feature prominently in health campaigns across the world. This study explored the use of messages regarding sedentary behavior in health campaigns within the context of current debates surrounding the association between sedentary behavior and health, and messaging strategies to promote moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). A web-based search of major campaigns in the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, and Australia was performed to identify the main campaign from each country. A directed content analysis was then conducted to analyze the inclusion of messages regarding sedentary behavior in health campaigns and to elucidate key themes. Important areas for future research were illustrated. Four key themes from the campaigns emerged: clinging to sedentary behavior guidelines, advocating reducing sedentary behavior as a first step on the activity continuum and the importance of light activity, confusing the promotion of MVPA, and the demonization of sedentary behavior. Strategies for managing sedentary behavior as an additional complicating factor in health promotion are urgently required. Lessons learned from previous health communication campaigns should stimulate research to inform future messaging strategies.

Simulation study of pressure trends in the case of loss of coolant accident in Water Cooled Lithium Lead blanket module

The water–lithium lead interaction implies a direct energy release, which leads to temperature and pressure increase, due to a combined thermal and chemical reaction, and an indirect form of energy release, the hydrogen production, due to secondary chemical reaction involving the initial reaction products. Review and understanding of the knowledge acquired in past studies, experimental works and numerical activities are needed in view of the renewed interest in the Water Cooled Lithium Lead blanket concept and safety issues connected with the fusion reactor design. This paper presents a review of the studies carried out in the past to characterize the potential safety concerns associated with the use of water and lithium-lead eutectic alloy, the main experimental campaigns, and numerical simulations of BLAST Test No. 5 performed by SIMMER-III code. As results, no code was found able to perform a satisfactory post-test analysis of separate effect experiments, without engineering assumptions. Therefore, a code model for the exothermic reaction and hydrogen production, and experimental data are needed for solving the WCLL blanket safety issues associated with the water–PbLi interaction.

The "culture of survival" and international public health in Latin America: the Cold War and the eradication of diseases in the mid-twentieth century

This article analyzes the main campaigns run by international agencies and national health bodies to eradicate infectious diseases in rural Latin America in the 1940s and 1950s. The political dimensions of the period have been studied but there has been little attention as yet to the health dimensions. This article proposes the concept of a "culture of survival" to explain the official public health problems of states with limited social policies that did not allow the exercise of citizenship. Public health, as part of this culture of survival, sought a temporary solution without confronting the social problems that led to infections and left a public health legacy in the region.

Assessment of Uncertainties in Eddy Covariance Flux Measurement Based on Intensive Flux Matrix of HiWATER-MUSOEXE

To study the multiscale characteristics of ecohydro- logical processes in the Heihe River Basin, an intensive flux obser- vation matrix was established, which consisted of mainly 17 eddy covariance (EC) flux stations in a 5.5 km × 5.5 km area of the Zhangye oasis. Formal observations began in June and continued through September 2012. Before the main campaign, an intercom- parison for all instruments (including 20 EC sets) was conducted in the Gobi desert. All the data provided a rare opportunity to assess the flux uncertainties of EC measurements. Three methods were chosen in this assessment. For the Gobi intercomparison, a simple method based on elementary error analysis could provide the systematic errors and random uncertainties for each EC; uncertainties for sensible heat flux were generally less than 10% in this area. For flux matrix observations, by using mainly the method of Mann and Lenschow (1994), the uncertainties estimated for sensible heat, latent heat, and CO2 fluxes were approximately 18%, 16%, and 21%, respectively, for the selected period. These were comparatively high because of the inherent heterogeneities of the oasis. The flux uncertainty quantification, including its prob- ability distribution and the nonconstant variance characteristics shown for these data sets, is essential for flux data interpretation and applications, particularly the validation of relevant remote sensing models.

Reply to comment by J. Mrlina et al. on “Crustal deformations in the epicentral area of the west Bohemia 2008 earthquake swarm in central Europe”

GPS campaigns were performed in West Bohemia by the Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics (IRSM) and the Institute of Geophysics (IG), both a part of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. To compare results from both campaigns, data must be processed using identical conditions. Unfortunately, the satellite signal monitoring and data processing applied by both Institutes differed substantially. The IG campaigns were stated as follows by Mrlina and Seidl [2008]: “performed with five GPS receivers in a five-days-long main campaigns under a constant plan of receivers/antennas rotation on particular sites. The methodology was aimed at suppression of the antenna center effects by observations with at least 2 different GPS sets at each point during one campaign and in different satellite geometry; it means not 1 GPS set at 1 point only”. The signals were processed using Trimble Total Control software v.2.73 which calculates the site positions fixed to one permanent NKIG station in Nový Kostel [Mrlina et al., 2014, henceforth, Comm]. The IRSM annual campaigns continuously monitored signals for two GPS days together at all sites and always with identical antennas at every site [Schenk et al., 2012, henceforth, S2012]. Signals were processed using Bernese software v.5 [Hugentobler et al., 2005], which calculates site positions in the defined ITRF: the EPN (BOR1, PENC, and ZIMM) and GEONAS stations (KYNS, LUBY, MARJ, and POUS) [Schenk et al., 2010b] as fiducial stations. All of the corrections required to reach highly precise positions were applied [S2012; Schenk et al., 2010a].

The Fiscal Stability Treaty Referendum 2012

This report documents the Irish Fiscal Stability Treaty referendum campaign of 2012. Beginning with a brief economic background of the Eurozone crisis, it provides an outline of the main treaty provisions. It discusses the role of the Referendum Commission, documents the main campaign forces and compares their stances in previous European Union Treaty referendums in Ireland. The report considers the main campaign issues that dominated the referendum debate and provides a short account of public opinion. It concludes with an overview of the results and a note on some of the factors that may have accounted for the Yes side's victory in the campaign.

Evaluating Nationwide Health Interventions: Malawi’S Insecticide-Treated-Net Distribution Programme

Summary We evaluate Malawi's main malaria prevention campaign, a nationwide insecticide-treated-net distribution scheme, in terms of its effect on infant mortality. Methodologically, evaluating such nationwide health interventions is particularly difficult. There is no contemporaneous comparison group that has not been subject to the intervention. Moreover, common environmental trends, the availability of new drugs and a variety of other health improving measures used at the same time imply that the often advocated before–after estimator is not a good choice. We propose an alternative estimator that can be used if the intervention influences health through its effect on individual health-seeking behaviour but has no other effect on the outcome. We also suggest some plausibility checks and falsification tests to assess the validity of the identifying assumptions that we impose in applications. Using the estimator proposed we find that Malawi's insecticide-treated-net distribution campaign reduced all-cause child mortality by about 1 percentage point, which corresponds to about 40% of the total reduction in infant mortality from 8.2% to 5.4% over the study period.

Full scale prototype of the JT-60SA Quench Protection Circuits

This paper deals with the development, manufacturing and testing of the full scale prototype of the Quench Protection Circuit (QPC) for the superconducting magnets of the JT-60SA Satellite Tokamak, which will operate in Naka, Japan.After the completion of the system detailed design in summer 2011, the manufacture of the poloidal and toroidal prototypes was launched and completed at the beginning of 2012. Several factory type tests on the main components have been done at the manufacturers’ premises and are described in this paper. Then, two main campaigns have been performed to test the operation of the overall poloidal and toroidal QPC prototypes; the main results are reported in the paper too.

A multi-component stair climbing promotional campaign targeting calorific expenditure for worksites; a quasi-experimental study testing effects on behaviour, attitude and intention

BackgroundAccumulation of lifestyle physical activity is a current aim of health promotion, with increased stair climbing one public health target. While the workplace provides an opportunity for regular stair climbing, evidence for effectiveness of point-of-choice interventions is equivocal. This paper reports a new approach to worksite interventions, aimed at changing attitudes and, hence, behaviour.MethodsPre-testing of calorific expenditure messages used structured interviews with members of the public (n = 300). Effects of multi-component campaigns on stair climbing were tested with quasi-experimental, interrupted time-series designs. In one worksite, a main campaign poster outlining the amount of calorific expenditure obtainable from stair climbing and a conventional point-of-choice prompt were used (Poster alone site). In a second worksite, additional messages in the stairwell about calorific expenditure reinforced the main campaign (Poster + Stairwell messages site). The outcome variables were automated observations of stair and lift ascent (28,854) and descent (29,352) at baseline and for three weeks after the intervention was installed. Post-intervention questionnaires for employees at the worksites assessed responses to the campaign (n = 253). Analyses employed Analysis of Variance with follow-up Bonferroni t-tests (message pre-testing), logistic regression of stair ascent and descent (campaign testing), and Bonferroni t-tests and multiple regression (follow-up questionnaire).ResultsPre-testing of messages based on calorific expenditure suggested they could motivate stair climbing if believed. The new campaign increased stair climbing, with greater effects at the Poster + Stairwell messages site (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.40-1.66) than Posters alone (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.15-1.34). Follow-up revealed higher agreement with two statements about calorific outcomes of stair climbing in the site where they were installed in the stairwell, suggesting more positive attitudes resulted from the intervention. Future intentions for stair use were predicted by motivation by the campaign and beliefs that stair climbing would help weight control.ConclusionsMulti-component campaigns that target attitudes and intentions may substantially increase stair climbing at work.