Main Campaign Research Articles

World Diabetes Day 2024

World Diabetes Day (WDD) is the main global awareness campaign dedicated to Diabetes mellitus, held annually on November 14 [1] World Diabetes Day, initiated by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and WHO, is a testament to our ongoing commitment to the fight against Diabetes. Each World Diabetes Day focuses on a diabetes-related theme. Type 2 diabetes, a noncommunicable disease rapidly increasing in numbers worldwide, can be prevented. Type 1 diabetes, unfortunately, is not preventable but can be managed with insulin injections[2]. The day also includes discussions on human rights, NCDs and lifestyle, obesity, Diabetes in the LMIC and the vulnerable, and Diabetes in children and adolescents. The campaigns, which run year-round, ensure that we are constantly engaged in the fight against Diabetes, not just on November 14 but every day of the year. The day marks the birthday of Frederick Banting, who, along with Charles Best, first conceived the idea that led to insulin’s discovery in 1922[3]

Secondary neutrons in proton and light ion beam therapy: a review of current status, needs and potential solutions

The advantages of proton and light ion beam therapy compared to conventional photon radiation therapy are well-known, mainly thanks to the characteristic depth dose distribution of ions and their radio-biological effectiveness. Nevertheless, the use of ions implies different nuclear reactions that generate secondary particles, with neutrons among them. These secondary neutrons can travel far away from the treatment volume, their measurement is a challenging complex task, and their biological effects are particularly high for neutrons with energies in the MeV range. In this review, a comprehensive description of secondary neutron dosimetry in proton and light ion beam therapy is given. Many studies have been conducted on the quantification of the secondary neutron dose, most of them have been performed for proton beams, whereas for other ions like carbon, the available information is scarce. The main measurement campaigns are summarised, focusing on the type of detectors used. In line with the detectors’ advantages and limitations, measurements performed inside and outside anthropomorphic phantoms are considered. The role of Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations is discussed since many experimental detection techniques need additional simulations to provide dose estimates. A focus on the current challenges for the measurements of neutrons with energies above 20 MeV is given, as this is one of the main components of secondary neutrons produced by therapeutic ion beams. Finally, the potential clinical relevance of the available and needed secondary neutron dose data is discussed, in terms of its impact on the treatment of patients. For this, the relative biological effectiveness of neutrons and the potential risk of cancer induction re-incidence or secondary cancer due to secondary neutron doses play a key role.

STUDY ON THE USE OF DATA MINING TECHNOLOGY FOR ELECTION CAMPAIGNS IN INDONESIA

Indonesia adheres to democracy with a presidential government format. From the beginning of the reform era in Indonesia, the system of electing government representatives in the realm of council members, regional heads, and heads of state was carried out by looking for direct elections. Direct elections are carried out with several stages starting from registration, campaigning, elections, to the decision to recapitulate the winner's vote. One of the ways that candidates for election participants do is to campaign massively to the public. This campaign is expected to introduce the candidate to be the top choice of the community. The biggest challenge of this massive campaign is how much it costs compared to the reach of socialization to the community. Campaigns in conventional forms such as banners and social assistance do not necessarily make the election participants win an election, especially when the campaign funds have been enlarged to exceed the competitor who won the election. With the existence of social media, which is developing quite rapidly today such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter (x), TikTok, and so on, election participants have used social media as an alternative and even the main campaign media. The next challenge is how the use of social media can produce significant results in the campaign of election participants. One of the sciences in the world of technology is data mining. Data mining helps in processing data to provide decision references that are in accordance with the sampling conditions of the conditions taken from the data. The purpose of this journal is about the utilization of data mining technology in helping election campaigns with social media to the factors involved in this in the current era of Indonesian democracy.

Calls to (what kind of?) action: A framework for comparing political actors’ campaign strategies across social media platforms

Politicians can use social media to prompt citizens to engage by means of calls to action—statements, often in imperative form, that explicitly encourage audiences to take immediate action. This study makes a twofold contribution to this field: (1) Theoretically, we relate three factors shaping social media campaigns (audiences, affordances, genres) to calls to action related to three main campaign functions (information, mobilization, interaction). (2) Empirically, we show the applicability of this framework to systematic platform comparisons in the Western European context, taking the use of Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter by political actors in Norway as an example. Conducting a standardized manual content analysis, we find that calls for certain kinds of action are more common than others, probably related to shortage of time and resources in election campaigns. Which calls to action are used is clearly affected by the platforms on which they are published.

(DE)HUMANIZATION OF PHYSICALLY DISABLED BODIES IN BORDERLANDS 3

The video game industry has played a role in both affirming and erasing stereotypes surrounding minorities, especially those with disabilities. This study aims to analyse Borderlands 3’s in-game narrative that represents physically disabled characters through their characterization, visualization, and individual character development in the main plot campaign, illustrating how positive representation helps fight common stigmas and negative stereotypes. By using Shakespeare’s social model of disability as a theoretical framework, the analysis will view the game as text to identify physically disabled characters and determine if they face discrimination in the in-game universe. Results show that characters with prosthetics are considered ‘cool’ futuristic bodies symbolizing strength, while disfigured bodies still encounter discrimination with the enforcement of negative stereotypes and derogatory language. This unequal representation creates a social imbalance among physically disabled people, with the public assuming that different types of physical disabilities are superior to others.

Experimental Campaign of Massive CO2 Atmospheric Releases in an Urban Area

Over recent decades, several campaigns have been carried out to collect data regarding the release and atmospheric dispersion of dense chemical products in an open field. All these experimental data are valuable information to challenge the predictions of numerical tools (Gaussian, integral-type, and CFD) and, if needed, to improve the code itself and the way we are using it. On the other hand, little attention has been paid to atmospheric dispersion releases with massive flow rates in a complex urban environment. To fill this gap, Ineris carried out an experimental campaign intended to study the atmospheric dispersion of massive CO2 releases on the CENZUB site (an action training center in an urban area located in Sissonne, France). Three CO2 releases were performed with mass flow rates of about 7 kg/s in three different configurations: one axial street release and two impacting releases (against a small and high-rise building). Several technologies of CO2 sensors were used to ensure better measurement accuracy. The main experimental campaign features and preliminary data analysis are presented. The results demonstrated the influence of the built environment on dispersion patterns.

National increase in the community supply of take‐home naloxone associated with a mass media campaign in Scotland: a segmented time series analysis

BackgroundTake-home naloxone (THN) programmes have been associated with reductions in opioid-related mortality. In response to high rates of drug-related deaths in Scotland, the Scottish Government commissioned the ‘How to save a life’ (HTSAL) mass media campaign to: (1) increase awareness of drug-related deaths and how to respond to an overdose, and (2) increase the supply of THN. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the campaign on the supply of THN. MethodsWe used an interrupted time series design to assess the effect of the HTSAL mass media campaign on the national community supply of THN. The study time period was August 2020–December 2021. We modelled two key dates: the start of the campaign (week beginning (w/b) 30th of August 2021) and after the end of the main campaign (w/b 25th of October 2021). ResultsThe total number of THN kits distributed in the community in Scotland during the study period was 27,064. The mean number of THN kits distributed per week (relative to the pre-campaign period), increased by 126% during the campaign and 57% post-campaign. In segmented regression analyses, the pre-campaign trend in the number of THN kits supplied was increasing by an average of 1% each week (RR=1.01, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.01, p<0.001). Once the campaign started, a significant change in level was observed, and the number of kits increased by 75% (RR=1.75, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.40, p<0.001). The trend during the campaign was stable (i.e. not increasing or decreasing) but a significant change in level was observed when the campaign ended, and the number of THN kits supplied decreased by 32% (RR=0.68, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.98, p = 0.042). The trend during the post-campaign period was stable. ConclusionsThe HTSAL campaign had a short term, but large and significant impact, on the community supply of THN in Scotland. Mass media campaigns could be combined with other interventions and strategies to maintain the increased uptake of THN outside of campaign periods.

Co-producing knowledge in action: Reflecting from the Main Bhi Dilli campaign for equitable planning in Delhi

Practices of insurgent or bottom-up planning, of community-based organisations, networks and social movements are understood to be peripheral to the dominant paradigm of planning in southern contexts. Yet there is a lot of knowledge collectively held and coproduced within and through these practices, which are also sites of knowledge production. This paper reflects on the process of coproduction of knowledge within a campaign for equitable urban planning in Delhi – Main Bhi Dilli Campaign. The campaign brings together urban actors with diverse positionalities – informal worker’s and resident’s collectives, researchers and academic actors, social movements, and civil society organisations, across sectors and lived experiences. In this paper we ask: how does co-production of knowledge take place at the scale of the city, and within a campaign with diverse membership and priorities? We reflect on the role of academic actors in such coproduction of knowledge. We draw from the archival material of the campaign produced through prolonged dialogue and practice-based research. We focus on one particular knowledge product that the campaign has produced called the Factsheets. Factsheets are 4-page documents that simply provide an overview of the theme (such as informal livelihood, housing, gender), and what the Master Plan can do to address the gaps in planning that exist. We use the ‘factsheets’ produced through the campaign, as an artefact of co-production, as a site that holds the processes of coproducing knowledge together. We reflect upon the processes of holding, contesting and channeling multiple knowledges within the campaign, highlighting the value of these internal processes for coproduction of knowledge. While the exact format and material may not be translatable in contexts with different social and political realities, we argue that the processes of coproducing knowledge for action while in a diverse coalition are useful across contexts for more equitable urban planning.

Research at the University of Padova in the Field of Space Debris Impacts against Satellites: An Overview of Activities in the Last 10 Years

Space debris represent a threat to satellites in orbit around Earth. In the case of impact, satellites can be subjected to damage spanning from localized craterization to subsystem failure, to complete loss of the vehicle; large collision events may lead to fragmentation of the spacecraft. Simulating and testing debris impacts may help in understanding the physics behind these events, modelling the effects, and developing dedicated protection systems and mitigation strategies. In this context, the Space Debris group at the University of Padova investigates in-space collisions with experimental campaigns performed in a dedicated Hypervelocity Impact Facility and with numerical simulations with commercial and custom software. In this paper, an overview is given of the last 10 years of research activities performed at the University of Padova. First, the hypervelocity impact testing facility is described and the main experimental campaigns performed in the last few years are summarized. The second part of this work describes impact modelling research advances, focusing on the simulation of complex collision scenarios.

The Scottish Parliamentary Elections and the Transformation of Electoral Behaviour

The rise of the decentralisation or devolution reforms in Europe in the past decades brought scholars' attention to the voting behaviour in multi-level electoral systems. Some types of elections, such as local or regional, might be considered less important for voters than national ones. However, in some regions, the importance of the sub-state level of governance is rising, which might lead voters to change their perception of the regional elections. Since the beginning of the devolution in the UK, the Scottish parliament has become one of the most powerful regional parliaments in Europe. The study reviewed the main differences in electoral behaviour between general and regional elections in Scotland. The analysis used four aspects of the theoretical model of the second-order election. It focused on the turnout in both elections, the success of small and regional parties, the change of support for government and opposition parties and the main campaign topics. The results showed that the Scottish electoral behaviour went through a significant transformation at regional and state-wide level in the past two decades. The different electoral behaviour in regional elections was significantly influenced by the voting system that helped regional nationalist parties increase their support and become the main political force in the region that determines electoral competition. The transformation of electoral behaviour in the Scottish parliamentary election continued to the state-wide level. It determined that the regional elections, in the case of Scotland, cannot be perceived as less important and subordinated to the general elections.

Join the Fold: Video Games, Science Fiction, and the Refolding of Citizen Science

Abstract This article explores the value of science fiction narratives in games for citizen science. Focusing on the protein-folding game Foldit, it describes the process of modifying and redesigning the game to feature a framing narrative and other alterations to the main tutorial campaign. The campaign narrative, Foldit: First Contact, situates the practices of citizen science in an expanded context of meanings and ethical implications, promoting critical self-reflection on the relations of science and civic values. A study of player responses to Foldit: First Contact suggests the significance of science fiction and critical game design for attuning citizen scientists to the collective responsibilities of experimentation and innovation, drawing attention to the intersecting social, technical, and environmental domains in which gamers may contribute to scientific research.

БІЛЬШОВИЦЬКА МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЯ РАДЯНСЬКО-ПОЛЬСЬКОГО ПРИКОРДОННЯ В 1920-1930-х рр. (за матеріалами Коростенської округи)

Changes that took place in the 20s and 30s of the 20th century in that part of the territory of Ukraine that remained under the control of the Bolsheviks are still the subject of numerous studies by domestic and foreign scientists. However, the regional specifics of the new government's implementation of its political doctrines have not yet been fully explored, although the work has significantly revived. This is primarily due to changes in the current legislation, when in the process of decommunization researchers gained free access to many previously classified materials. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the implementation of the policy of sovietization by the Bolshevik authorities on the territory of the Soviet-Polish border – the northern part of the modern Zhytomyr region – Korosten district. Thanks to the extensive work of historians and the materials of the State Archive of the Zhytomyr region, which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the nature and mechanisms of the establishment of the main Bolshevik doctrines in the territory of the border Korosten district have been revealed. In particular, the pace of the main campaigns, the attitude of the local population towards them and the efforts of the authorities to regulate the situation in the region are demonstrated. Since the efforts of the authorities to gain favor through the active implementation of Ukrainization and the education of a «new person» through the measures of the Soviet school in the 1920s did not bring the expected results, the next step was the harsh measures of the repressive authorities during the second half of the 1930s of the XX century. During the development of the stated problem, general scientific and special historical methods were used, which made it possible to reveal all aspects of the specified topic and to reveal new aspects of the activities of the Bolshevik regime in the specified territory, which can become the subject of further research. Key words: Zhytomyr Region, Korosten District, Soviet-Polish border, Sovietization, Bolshevik regime, Soviet power, terror

Complementary Dense Datasets Acquired in a Low-to-Moderate Seismicity Area for Characterizing Site Effects: Application in the French Rhône Valley

Abstract Superficial geological layers can strongly modify the surface ground motion induced by an earthquake. These so-called site effects are highly variable from one site to another and still difficult to quantify for complex geological configurations. That is why site-specific studies can greatly contribute to improve the hazard prediction at a specific site. However, site-specific studies have historically been considered difficult to carry out in low-to-moderate seismicity regions. We present here seismological datasets acquired in the framework of the French–German dense array for seismic site effect estimation project in the heavily industrialized area surrounding the French Tricastin Nuclear Site (TNS). TNS is located above an ancient canyon dug by the Rhône River during the Messinian period. The strong lithological contrast between the sedimentary fill of the canyon and the substratum, as well as its expected confined geometry make this canyon a good candidate for generating site effects that are variable on short spatial scales. To investigate the impact of this geological structure on the seismic motion, we conducted complementary seismic campaigns in the area. The first main campaign consisted of deploying 400 nodes over a 10 × 10 km area for one month and aimed at recording the seismic ambient noise. A second seismic campaign involved the deployment of 49 broadband stations over the same area for more than eight months. This complementary campaign aimed at recording the seismicity (including local, regional, and teleseismic events). These different designs allowed us to target a variety of seismic data at different spatial and temporal scales. Beyond the interest for local operational seismic hazard applications, these datasets may be valuable for studying seismic wave propagation within complex kilometer-scale sedimentary structures. In this article, we present the deployment designs as well as initial analyses to provide information on the characteristics and the overall quality of the data acquired to future users.

EXTRAORDINARY NATURAL PHENOMENA AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE LIVELIHOODS OF THE POPULATION OF UKRAINIAN LANDS IN TIMES OF THE BOHDAN KHMELNYTSKY UPRISING (1648 – 1657)

The purpose of the article is to summarize information about extraordinary natural phenomena that were recorded on Ukrainian lands during 1648 – 1657, and to clarify their impact on social and political activity, economy and worldview of the local population.&#x0D; The article identifies and analyzes reports in written sources about extraordinary natural phenomena on Ukrainian lands during the Bohdan Khmelnytsky Uprising 1648 – 1657, their periodicity and impact on the socio-economic life of the early modern agrarian society is clarified. Written information on the extent of damage and territories affected by natural disasters was found.&#x0D; The Bohdan Khmelnytsky Uprising took place against the background of the First Climatic Minimum of the Little Ice Age. The impact of extraordinary natural phenomena on a turbulent society that found itself in the conditions of war was particularly noticeable. During 1648 – 1657, on Ukrainian lands an extreme meteorological phenomena were recorded (dry spring of 1648, unstable winter of 1652 – 1653, severe winters of 1654 – 1655 and 1655 – 1656); extraordinary optical phenomena (the appearance of a comet and mysterious signs in the sky in 1647, the eclipse of the sun on August 2, 1654, as well as unconfirmed reports of the eclipse of the moon in 1648 and the eclipse of the sun in 1653); extraordinary hydrological phenomena (floods in Halychyna and Podillya in 1649, 1651, 1656); earthquake of 1650; annual invasions of locusts 1647 – 1652; epidemics of 1648, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1657. The influence of weather conditions on the course of battles and the course of the main campaigns of the Bohdan Khmelnytsky Uprising remains underestimated by scientists.&#x0D; The pattern of man’s perception of extraordinary natural phenomena in early modern period was expressed in the presence of irrational and rational approaches, which, we note, were not always mutually exclusive. Thus, the irrational approach is represented by the church and folk interpretation of a natural disaster, in particular, its nature. The latter, in particular, is characterized by great variability, a mystical worldview, and an appeal to archaic magical practices. In turn, the rational approach consists in attempts at a pre-scientific interpretation of the nature and patterns of the occurrence of cataclysms.

РЕПРЕССИИ В МОСКОВСКОМ РЕГИОНЕ В 1933 ГОДУ: ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ И СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ

The article presents an analysis of repressive operations conducted in the USSR in 1933 on the example of the Moscow region. The author examines the main repression campaigns of this year using the Communist Party, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the OGPU directives and decrees, which accompanied mass arrests by political reasons. The study of social aspects is based on archival investigative cases stored in the State Archive of the Russian Federation (fund 10035). The analysis shows that the repressive operations clearly followed the instructions of the central authorities. Mass convictions by extrajudicial sentences of the OGPU “troikas” in the Moscow region mostly took place before the signing of the instruction of May 8th, 1933, which ceased mass evictions of peasants and restricted mass arrests. Until that time, the main targets of terror were immigrants from Ukraine, the North Caucasus and the Volga region, and the fact of dekulakization was crucial in sentencing. Workers suffered the most from the repressions. They were yesterday's peasants who fled from dekulakization, often living in Moscow without documents in poverty and in constant need. Their “anti-Soviet agitation” expressed dissatisfaction with the living and working conditions. Young people carried on “anti-Soviet propaganda” in discussions about the current situation in the country. Most of the victims were semi-literate.

EMERGING GROUND WATER CRISIS IN INDIA AND ITS SOLUTION

There is a total of 1,46,00,000 cubic kilometers of water present on the earth. Out of this, 97 percent is in the oceans, which is not useful for us due to being saline, and 1.6 percent is under the water and 0.001 percent is in the form of vapor and clouds and other glaciers and mountain peaks are in the form of ice. Even in this minimum quantity of available water, the question mark of quality is being raised at some places and the life of every living being found on earth depends on water. Hence its availability is absolutely necessary. The free or free gift of nature, which we consider water, is not free but a valuable gift. So we should understand that every drop of water is precious. If we do not use and conserve and manage water judiciously, then our very existence will be threatened. Thus, in view of the increasing water pollution and the lack of water quality, many types of campaigns and programs have been run by the government from time to time, out of which Heli-Born Survey technology, 'Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch the Rain' campaign on World Water Day 2022, Bhujal Badhao Payjal Bachao’ (Enhance Ground Water, Protect Drinking Water) Limca Book of Records in February 2020 is the main campaigns to improve the quality of groundwater. The Union Minister, Dr. Jitendra Singh launched the state of the art Heli-Born Survey Technology on October 5, 2021. This project has been developed with the objective of mapping potential groundwater sources and its management to provide safe drinking water to the people in water scarce arid regions of India. This project will make a positive contribution to CSIR's water technologies “Har Ghar Hal Se Jal” scheme from water source discovery to water purification as well as “doubling farmers’ income targets”.

MuSun - Muon Capture on the Deuteron

The MuSun experiment is a precision measurement of the rate for nuclear muon capture on the deuteron, designed to resolve a long-standing disagreement between experiment and theory, and to determine an important low-energy constant relevant for a variety of weak and strong dynamics. The experiment is based on a novel active target method employing a pure deuterium cryogenic time-projection chamber. The data taking was completed in two main campaigns and the analysis is well advanced. The unique challenges and corresponding strategy of the experiment as well as the status of the analysis are presented.

Britain, Brexit and Euroscepticism

When history books about Brexit are written a key question asked will be ‘how did it happen?’ How did a country renowned for stable governments, pragmatism and diplomacy produce a chaotic outcome so harmful to its economic interests and international standing? This article examines the factors that produced Brexit by analysing its political and historical context, the main campaign groups and their communication strategies. Drawing on the work of Verdery (1999), Maskovsky and Bjork-James (2020) and other anthropologists, I suggest we need to look beyond conventional political science concepts and consider Brexit in terms of ‘enchantment’, ‘angry politics’ and ‘technopopulism’. I conclude that while Brexit provides a window for analysing fault lines in contemporary Britain, it also highlights problems in the EU, its austerity politics and democratic deficit.

Silent Political Apathy in Urban Society: The Case of Medan 2018 Election

Studies on non-voting behavior and which depart from social perspectives have long been stagnated due to the dominance of analysis that puts systems, institutionalization, political mechanisms and participation as the main viewpoints of the studies. This study using social perspectives is useful to explain why voters were not present at polling stations during the Medan 2018 Election. It elaborates the social aspects that influenced non-voting behavior in the urban area of Medan in North Sumatra, Indonesia during the 2018 gubernatorial election. Utilizing mix- method strategies, instead of citing social aspects as a mere research context, this article argues that social aspects in the form of social cleavages worked behind the silent apathy, namely apathy that was implicitly indicated by voters who were not present at polling stations. Social cleavages including ethnicity, religion and gender indicated a paradox since they—with the exception of gender—were used by candidates as the main campaign substance. On the other hand, large numbers of people showed disinterest in these social cleavages during the election. This article explains why abstained voters hid their disinterest behind their excuses for not being present at the polling stations for economic (working activities) and other reasons.

Local Ecological Knowledge on Mangroves in Mayotte Island (Indian Ocean) and Influencing Factors

The majority of studies on local ecological knowledge (LEK) relate to communities or groups relying on ecosystem(s) for their livelihood. In our case study, Mayotte Island, a French overseas department, very few people rely on mangrove ecosystem for natural resources but most of them are attached to it because of leisure activities and beliefs. The questions on mangrove LEK generally deal with a single aspect of ecological knowledge of surveyed people and is mixed with other information such as harvesting practices, anthropogenic impacts, and management issues. The aim of our study is to better understand the level of ecological knowledge of surveyed inhabitants of Mayotte and to assess whether factors linked to the profile of respondents have an influence on it. For this purpose, we carried out two main survey campaigns in three villages fringing two stable mangroves of Mayotte: the first one consisted of qualitative interviews and the second one, questionnaires lending quantitative results. Cross tabulations and Chi square tests of independence were carried out to determine the link between LEK and influencing factors. Results show that some LEK implying localized observation, such as the identification of mangrove trees and the knowledge of the coastal protection role of the mangrove, are well shared by surveyed people whereas others, such as the number and the name of mangrove tree species, are poorly known. The results also highlight the difficulty of questions implying observation at the landscape level and interpretation of observation. All the influencing factors selected have a significant influence on, at least, one LEK variable. The results highlight differences in LEK of villages bordering two nearby mangroves calling for a local management of these systems.