Main Areas Research Articles

Thiadiazole and Thiazole Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents.

This review summarizes data on heterocyclic systems with thiadiazole and thiazole fragments in molecules as promising antimicrobial agents. Thiadiazole and thiazole backbones are the most favored and well-known heterocycles, a common and essential feature of various drugs. These scaffolds occupy a central position and are the main structural components of numerous drugs with a wide spectrum of action. These include antimicrobial, antituberculous, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiepileptic, antiviral, and anticancer agents. The research is based on bibliosemantic and analytical methods using bibliographic and abstract databases, as well as databases of chemical compounds. This review reports on thiadiazole and thiazole derivatives, which have important pharmacological properties. We are reviewing the structural modifications of various thiadiazole and thiazole derivatives, more specifically, the antimicrobial activity reported over the last years, as we have taken this as our main research area. 80 compounds were illustrated, and various derivatives containing hydrazone bridged thiazole and pyrrole rings, 2-pyridine and 4-pyridine substituted thiazole derivatives, compounds containing di-, tri- and tetrathiazole moieties, spiro-substituted 4- thiazolidinone-imidazoline-pyridines were analyzed. Derivatives of 5-heteroarylidene-2,4- thiazolidinediones, fluoroquinolone-thiadiazole hybrids, and others. 1,3,4-thiadiazoles and thiazoles are valuable resource for researchers engaged in rational drug design and development in this area.

Artificial intelligence research in Nigeria: Topic modelling and scientometric analysis

<p><span lang="EN-US">In developing countries such as Nigeria, artificial intelligence (AI) research has the potential to drive rapid advancement in various aspects of development, including the economy and technology. However, it is crucial to understand the focus of Nigerian AI researchers and identify unexplored areas of research that could lead to unprecedented development. To address this need, we used natural language processing, machine learning, and statistical algorithms to investigate the main areas of interest of Nigerian AI researchers. We identified ten topics and used scientometric analyses to reveal key concepts, keyword co-occurrences, and authorship networks. Our study found that Covenant University was the most prolific institution, with 375 publications, followed by the Federal University of Technology with 135 publications and the University of Ibadan with 121 publications. Overall, our research provides valuable insights into the structure and progression of AI research in Nigeria and highlights areas for improvement.</span></p>

Analysis of soil erosion changes and influencing factors based on the CSLE model and GeoDector in Dongjiang River Basin of China

AbstractSoil and water conservation and protection are of great importance to China, as the source of the Pearl and Xiang Rivers, and the main rare earth mining area, the ecology of Dongjiang River Basin, is very fragile. In this paper, the Chinese soil loss equation and the Geodetector method are used to analyze the spatial and temporal patterns and the impact factors of soil erosion in this area from 2016 to 2020. The results show that (1) Soil erosion intensity in the Dongjiang River Basin from 2016 to 2020 is mainly mild, with the soil erosion intensity in the Dongjiang River Basin in 2016 being the largest in five years. (2) The erosion modulus shows an increasing trend with the increase of slope. In terms of vegetation, when the vegetation cover is <30%, the soil erosion modulus is the largest, which is easy to induce soil erosion. When the vegetation cover is >60%, the soil erosion modulus is the smallest, which effectively slows down the occurrence of soil erosion. Rainfall is proportional to the soil erosion modulus and soil erosion. (3) The results of Geodetector indicate that the single factor sizes are land use > vegetation > slope > precipitation, and interaction factors all show a nonlinear enhancement. (4) The proper allocation of land use types, the prohibition of steep slopes for cultivation, and the restoration of forestry can effectively prevent and control soil erosion in the area.

Family-Centered Early Intervention Deaf/Hard of Hearing (FCEI-DHH): Introduction.

This article is the first of eight articles in this special issue on Family-Centered Early Intervention (FCEI) for children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH), or FCEI-DHH. In 2013, a diverse panel of experts published an international consensus statement on evidence-based Principles guiding FCEI-DHH. Those original Principles have been revised through a coproduction process involving multidisciplinary collaborators and an international consensus panel, utilizing the best available evidence and current understanding of how to optimally support children who are DHH and their families. This revision (referred to as expanded Principles) was motivated by the need to incorporate (a) input from family leaders and DHH leaders, (b) broader international and cultural perspectives, (c) new empirical evidence, and (d) research in human development. This Introduction provides an overview of the rationale, purposes, and main content areas to be addressed throughout the special issue.

Vegetation Type Mapping in Southern Patagonia and Its Relationship with Ecosystem Services, Soil Carbon Stock, and Biodiversity

Vegetation Type (VT) mapping using Optical Earth observation data is essential for the management and conservation of natural resources, as well as for the evaluation of the supply of provisioning ecosystem services (ESs), the maintenance of ecosystem functions, and the conservation of biodiversity in anthropized environments. The main objective of the present work was to determine the spatial patterns of VTs related to climatic, topographic, and spectral variables across Santa Cruz province (Southern Patagonia, Argentina) in order to improve our understanding of land use cover at the regional scale. Also, we examined the spatial relationship between VTs and potential biodiversity (PB), ESs, and soil organic content (SOC) across our study region. We sampled 59,285 sites sorted into 19 major categories of land cover with a reliable discrimination level from field measurements. We selected 31 potential predictive environmental dataset covariates, which represent key factors for the spatial distribution of land cover such as climate (four), topography (three), and spectral (24) factors. All covariate maps were generated or uploaded to the Google Earth Engine cloud-based computing platform for subsequent modeling. A total of 270,292 sampling points were used for validation of the obtained classification map. The main land cover area estimates extracted from the map at the regional level identified about 142,085 km2 of grasslands (representing 58.1% of the total area), 38,355 km2 of Mata Negra Matorral thicket (15.7%), and about 25,189 km2 of bare soil (10.3%). From validation, the Overall Accuracy and the Kappa coefficient values for the classification map were 90.40% and 0.87, respectively. Pure and mixed forests presented the maximum SOC (11.3–11.8 kg m−2), followed by peatlands (10.6 kg m−2) and deciduous Nothofagus forests (10.5 kg m−2). The potential biodiversity was higher in some shrublands (64.1% in Mata Verde shrublands and 63.7% in mixed shrublands) and was comparable to those values found for open deciduous forests (Nothofagus antarctica forest with 60.4%). The provision of ESs presented maximum values at pure evergreen forests (56.7%) and minimum values at some shrubland types (Mata Negra Matorral thicket and mixed shrubland) and steppe grasslands (29.7–30.9%). This study has provided an accurate land cover and VT map that provides crucial information for ecological studies, biodiversity conservation, vegetation management and restoration, and regional strategic decision-making.

TRANSFORMATION OF THE BUDGET SYSTEM OF UKRAINE IN THE FACE OF EXTRAORDINARY CHALLENGES AND THREATS

Full-scale hostilities have had a significant impact on the budget system due to increased spending on defense, reconstruction, and humanitarian assistance to vulnerable groups, which has affected the accumulation of budgetary resources. The article examines the impact of extraordinary challenges and threats on the national budget system, in particular, on the structure and volume of budget revenues and expenditures, the growth of the budget deficit and public debt, changes in regulation in the field of public finance, and the potential of financial capabilities of the regions. The purpose of the article is to make a scientific and practical assessment of the problematic aspects related to the transformation of the budget system, to outline the ways of attracting financial resources that can be used for the purpose of distribution and redistribution to perform the functions of the State, to identify the main areas of influence of emergency challenges and threats on the budget system of Ukraine and the priority areas and measures of budget policy in wartime.The authors conclude that the strategic and main directions of Ukraine's development need to be improved in the strategy of public finance management and financial and economic security as part of the implementation of the Memorandum of Economic and Financial Policies by the IMF. At the same time, the relevant legislative changes to the state budget for 2023 that meet the needs of Ukraine are studied, and the implementation of the first preparatory stage for the development of the National Revenue Strategy is analyzed. The authors emphasize the positive impact of decentralization on local self-government and the financial sustainability of local budgets. It is proposed to empower communities through monitoring the implementation of local budgets. In the context of defense needs, the possibility of including defense expenditures during martial law in local budgets is considered.

Brain activity corresponding to swallowing and hands activity: narrative review

Objective. To analyse the relationship between the level of brain activity during the hand motor act and swallowing in studies that used Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI). Method. A narrative literature review was carried out, and the data sources were obtained from Pubmed, BVS, and Google Scholar platforms. Results. Few studies were found that investigated the neurological activation correlated to the movement of hands and swallowing through FMRI, but all studies show a topographic relationship between the main areas for activity of hands and swallowing, as well as some studies showing some neurofunctional relationship between both concurrent activities. Conclusion. It is known that the precentral gyrus has significant areas innervating the hands and oral cavity, which are in nearby areas, being subject to questions about function interactions. The findings already described may encourage studies and discussions, but more research is needed to describe and measure the relationship between the motor areas of the hands and swallowing.

Identifying Spatial Determinants of Rice Yields in Main Producing Areas of China Using Geospatial Machine Learning

Rice yield is essential to global food security under increasingly frequent and severe climate change events. Spatial analysis of rice yields becomes more critical for regional action to ensure yields and reduce climate impacts. However, the understanding of the spatially varied geographical, climate, soil, and environmental factors of rice yields needs to be improved, leading to potentially biased local rice yield prediction and responses to climate change. This study develops a spatial machine learning-based approach that integrates machine learning and spatial stratified heterogeneity models to identify the determinants and spatial interactions of rice yields in the main rice-producing areas of China, the world’s largest rice-producing nation. A series of satellite remote sensing-derived variables are collected to characterize varied geographical, climate, soil, and environmental conditions and explain the spatial disparities of rice yields. The first step is to explore the spatial clustering patterns of the rice yield distributions using spatially global and local autocorrelation models. Next, a Geographically Optimal Zones-based Heterogeneity (GOZH) model, which integrates spatial stratified heterogeneity models and machine learning, is employed to explore the power of determinants (PD) of individual spatial variables in influencing the spatial disparities of rice yields. Third, geographically optimal zones are identified with the machine learning-derived optimal spatial overlay of multiple geographical variables. Finally, the overall PD of various variables affecting rice yield distributions is calculated using the multiple variables-determined geographically optimal zones and the GOZH model. The comparison between the developed spatial machine learning-based approach and previous related models demonstrates that the GOZH model is an effective and robust approach for identifying the spatial determinants and their spatial interactions with rice yields. The identified spatial determinants and their interactions are essential for enhancing regional agricultural management practices and optimizing resource allocation within diverse main rice-producing regions. The comprehensive understanding of the spatial determinants and heterogeneity of rice yields of this study has a broad impact on agricultural strategies and food security.

Investigating the Impact of Streetscape and Land Surface Temperature on Cycling Behavior

Cycling is a flexible way of traveling that can promote the development of urban public transportation. Previous studies on the influence of cycling have focused more on the cyclists themselves, ignoring the influences of the features of natural environments, such as streetscapes and land surface temperatures (LSTs), on cycling behavior. Therefore, in this study, street view image data and Landsat 8 imagery were utilized to extract streetscape and LST features; in particular, a framework was established for a single-indicator analysis and a multiple-indicator interaction analysis based on the random forest model with GeoDetector. The model was used to explore the effects of streetscapes and surface temperatures on cycling behavior. The results of this study for the main urban area of Beijing show that (1) high-density buildings and high population activity exacerbated the heat island effect at the city center and certain areas in the east, with the highest LST reaching 46.93 °C. In contrast, the greenery and water bodies in the northwestern and northeastern areas reduced the LST, resulting in a minimum temperature of 11.61 °C. (2) The optimal analysis scale was a 100 m buffer pair, and the regression fitting accuracy reached 0.83, confirming the notable influences of streetscape and LST characteristics on cycling behavior. (3) The random forest (RF) model results show that the importance of LST features and vegetation and sky conditions exceeded 0.07, and a reasonable sky openness and open building ventilation became the first choices for promoting cycling behavior. (4) According to the GeoDetector model, the LST features alone exhibited an importance of more than 0.375 for cycling behavior, while interactions with streetscapes greatly reduced the negative effect of LST on cycling behavior. The interaction between walls and plants reached 0.392, while the interaction between multiple environmental factors and greenery and favorable ventilation counteracted the negative impact of high-temperature heat waves on the residents’ choice of bicycles.

Adaptability Evaluation of Human Settlements in Chengdu Based on ArcGIS

This study establishes the evaluation index system of Chengdu’s habitat suitability based on three dimensions (the ecological livability environment, economic development environment, and social security environment) and quantitatively investigates the habitat suitability of Chengdu using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and ArcGIS10.8 tools. Additionally, it analyzes the spatial pattern characteristics of Chengdu’s habitat suitability to provide insights into the rational optimization of Chengdu’s habitat system, and show that (1) the adaptability index of Chengdu’s human settlement is between 18.39 to 92.35, and the habitat suitability exhibits a high spatial distribution in the central area and a low spatial distribution in the surrounding regions, with obvious differences between hot spots and cold spots. (2) According to the suitability index from high to low, the habitat of Chengdu is divided into five regions: the most suitable area (895.62 km2, 6.25%), highly suitable area (2136.82 km2,14.91%), moderately suitable area (5755.80 km2,40.15%), low-suitability area (4580.61 km2, 31.95%) and the unsuitable area (966.15 km2, 6.74%). (3) The spatial distribution of habitat suitability in Chengdu demonstrates a certain coupling relationship with the city’s circular social development model. Moreover, the spatial distribution characteristics of each area exhibit good consistency with population density, natural environment, economic conditions, and social conditions. (4) The influence of each indicator factor shows spatial heterogeneity, with variations in different subregions. Additionally, different regions have their own advantages and disadvantages. The results show that there are obvious regional characteristics with the suitability of human settlements in Chengdu; the main urban area exhibits the highest degree of habitat suitability, while the western Longmen Mountain area shows relatively lower suitability in its habitat. Considering these spatial characteristics, future development should explore corresponding development modes for each region based on local conditions, aiming to reduce spatial differences and promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas.

Actual trajectory of strategic management development as a science, in the conditions of dynamically developing markets and external challenges

The article considers the current trajectory of strategic management development as a science in the context of dynamically developing markets and external challenges. The use of strategic management tools is crucial in the activities of enterprises, as they provide the basis for identifying, analyzing and responding to external and internal factors and threats. These tools can help companies develop strategies that will allow them to compete effectively in their industry, achieve their goals and stay ahead of their competitors. This article indicates the main areas where strategic management as a science needs to focus its attention, develop research potential, and look for opportunities to implement in the current activities of companies. The methods of analysis of companies’ strategy aimed at identifying, assessing and managing risks that may affect the ability of the organization to achieve its goals, such as SWOT–analysis and ERM, are considered. The methods of forming strategies of economic, industrial and social character to stimulate effective work of the companies’ employees are considered.

Closing of the east Palaeo‐Tethys Ocean: Source–sink records from Middle Triassic sediments, Hainan Island, China

During the Late Palaeozoic to Early Mesozoic, the eastern segment of the Palaeo–Tethys Ocean closed, resulting in the collision and amalgamation of the South and North Hainan Islands. However, the exact location of the collision and amalgamation remains controversial. The main collision locations are the Baisha, Jiusuo–Lingshui and Changjiang–Qionghai faults. The U–Pb age of detrital zircons was used to determine the main source area of the Middle Triassic basin in the eastern part of Hainan Island and the closed position of the eastern section of the Palaeo‐Tethys Ocean. The U–Pb dating of detrital zircons revealed that the Middle Triassic Lingwen Formation contains four age groups: 235–258, 335–446, 766–986 and >1000 Ma. Notably, rock masses aged 248–252 Ma that were formed in a post‐orogenic tension setting have been identified in the western region of Hainan Island, whereas no igneous rocks from this period have been discovered in the eastern region. The detrital zircon samples from the Lingwen Formation revealed a peak at 249 ± 2 Ma U–Pb age, which is important evidence indicating that the Changjiang–Qionghai Fault is the product of collision between the southern and northern Hainan terranes. Affected by the bipolar subduction of the eastern segment of the Palaeo‐Tethys Ocean, the collision and amalgamation of the South and North Hainan terranes occurred, and experienced a post‐collision (extensional) process at ca. 249 ± 2 Ma.

THE ESSENCE OF STARTUP: FACTORS OF SUCCESS AND FAILURE

It was analysed bibliographical data for the ‘startup’ subject domain using publications indexed by Scopus in 2012-2022. It was observed a significant increase in research interest in the topic of startups, which indicates the growing importance and relevance of this field. It was defined the countries-leaders in research on startups which are the United States and China (24.1% and 21.5% of the total number of publications respectively). Also, it was found out the main research subject area on startups is Engineering (22.5% of the total number publications) followed by Computer Science (12%), and Business, Management and Accounting (10.2%). It was designed the «startup» co-occurrence network, that contains 191 keywords, grouped into 4 clusters. It was conducted the comparative analysis of the startup and traditional business by such criteria as: risk and innovation, ability to change, ability to improve, investment, scalability, business strategy, time to market, impact on the market, intellectual property. It was suggested to divide the main factors of the startups failure into 5 types by character of issues facing a startup owner such as: marketing; finance; skills, experience, and attitude; legal and regulatory issues; product and business model issues.

Resilience Assessment and Improvement Strategies for Urban Haze Disasters Based on Resident Activity Characteristics: A Case Study of Gaoyou, China

The popularisation of mobile information technology has provided access to the living habits and activity trajectories of residents and enabled the accurate measurement of the impact of urban haze disasters on residents’ lives, supporting urban haze risk response. Using the main urban area of Gaoyou City as a case study, this study identifies the spatial range and trajectory characteristics of the daily activities of residents in a haze disaster environment, based on air pollution monitoring and resident travel positioning data. We constructed an evaluation index system to measure the corresponding relationship between residential activities and haze disasters. The results indicate that the interference with residential activities and the adaptability of built environments are key indicators for evaluating urban resilience in haze environments, with weights of 0.57 and 0.43, and correlation indices of 0.67 and 0.81, respectively. The interference with residential activities and the adaptability of built environments exhibit spatial characteristics of cold and hot ‘multi-core’ agglomeration and ‘strip’ agglomeration, respectively. Specific indicators show that the residential activity exposure index is significantly influenced by the built environment factor index, with the vegetation coverage index showing a significant positive correlation (0.837) and the public transportation facility accessibility index showing a significant negative correlation (−1.242). Planning should focus on improving the adaptability of the built environment or reducing the interference with residential activities and enhancing the matching degree of the two at the spatial facility level.

A Reexamination of the Relationship between Training Practices and Welfare in the Management of Ambassador Animals.

There is an ethical need to document and develop best practices for meeting ambassador animals' welfare needs within the context of meeting zoo and aquarium program objectives. This is because ambassador animals experience direct and frequent contact with humans. This paper rigorously synthesizes behavioral research and theory, contemporary practices, and personal experiences to offer key concepts that can be applied to meet ambassador animal welfare needs. These key concepts include addressing an animal's recognition of choice and control, the use of the most positive and least intrusive effective interventions when training animals to participate in programming, and an overall reduction in aversive strategy use. Our model for increasing ambassador animal welfare focuses on seven main areas of concern, including the following: choosing the most suitable animal for the program; choosing the human with the right skills and knowledge for the program; using the most positive, least intrusive, effective training methods; developing a strong trusting relationship between trainer and animal; developing a comprehensive enrichment program; the need for institutional support; and creating opportunities for animals to practice species-appropriate behaviors. Our model will provide guidelines for improved ambassador animal welfare that can be refined with future research.

Addressing disparities in European cancer outcomes: a qualitative study Protocol of the BEACON project.

Health disparities represent a crucial factor in cancer survival rates, awareness, quality of life, and mental health of people receiving a cancer diagnosis and their families. Income, education, geographic location, and ethnicity are some of the most important underlying reasons for health disparities in cancer across Europe. Costs of healthcare, access to information, psycho-oncological support options, integration of cancer research and innovative care, and multidisciplinary cancer teams are the main target areas when it comes to addressing disparities in the cancer context. As part of the Beacon Project (BEACON), we developed a protocol for a qualitative study to explore and identify any relevant reasons for cancer inequalities and disparities in Europe. Our four stakeholders namely, cancer patients, healthcare providers, researchers, and policymakers will be recruited online, facilitated by collaborative efforts with cancer organizations from various European countries, including but not limited to Italy, Croatia, Estonia, and Slovenia. Qualitative online focus group discussions for each stakeholder will be conducted and transcribed. Subsequently, thematic analysis will be used to identify reasons and aspects that may contribute to the existing disparities in cancer outcomes at various levels of engagement and from different stakeholders' perspectives. Results from focus groups will inform a subsequent Delphi study and a SWOT analysis methodology. Although advances in medical research, cancer screening and treatment options are constantly progressing, disparities in access to and awareness of healthcare in cancer patients are even more noticeable. Thus, mapping the capacity and capability of cancer centres in the European Union, creating decision support tools that will assist the four stakeholders' information needs and improving the quality of European cancer centres will be the main objectives of the BEACON project. The current protocol will outline the methodological and practical procedures to conduct online focus group discussions with different stakeholders.

Can a Crop Rotation and Fallow System Reduce the Carbon Emission Intensity of Agriculture?

Under the carbon emission pattern of “peak carbon and carbon neutrality”, the policy of crop rotation and fallow system (CRFS) is regarded as an important initiative to promote the green, low-carbon, and high-quality development of agriculture. Focusing on balanced panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2021, this paper empirically examines the impact of CRFS on agricultural carbon emissions (ACEI) and its internal mechanism using a multi-temporal difference-in-differences model. The benchmark regression results show that CRFS can significantly reduce ACEI, and the results remain robust after validation by multiple methods. Mechanism results show that CRFS is able to reduce ACEI by reducing factor mismatch and promoting the level of agricultural services. Heterogeneity analysis results show that the arable land fallow rotation system is more conducive to promoting the reduction in agricultural carbon emission intensity in the main grain producing areas, main grain marketing areas, high land transfer areas, and plantation areas than in the grain production and marketing balanced areas, low land transfer, and animal husbandry areas. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the CRFS policy implementation, provides a doctrinal basis for expanding the scope of CRFS implementation, and provides policy recommendations for relevant departments to improve the CRFS policy.

Making Sense of the Agreement on Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction: The Road Ahead

The negotiations of the future regulation governing the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction successfully concluded last March 2023 and the BBNJ Agreement was formally adopted by consensus on 19 June 2023. The previous article “Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction: ways forward to reach a necessary Agreement”, published in the EPL 52 (1) 2022, defended the BBNJ Agreement potential to make a very positive impact on the governance of the oceans in general and proposed some formulas to facilitate the adoption of the treaty in a scenario where States had very different expectations. The present work reviews that article, first, to update what the result of the negotiation has been with respect to the main issue areas of the regulation; secondly, to identify which negotiation formulas have certainly helped to adopt the treaty; and thirdly, to reflect on to what extent the final text of the Agreement will be ambitious and effective enough to fulfil its objectives.

Identification of Mycoviruses in the Pathogens of Fragrant Pear Valsa Canker from Xinjiang in China.

As a common disease, canker seriously affects the yield and quality of fragrant pear due to the lack of effective control measures. Some fungi have been reported to harbor rich reservoirs of viral resources, and some mycoviruses can be used as biocontrol agents against plant diseases. In this study, 199 isolates were obtained from diseased branches of fragrant pear in the main production areas of Xinjiang. Among them, 134 belonged to Valsa spp., identified using morphological and molecular biological techniques, in which V. mali was the dominant species. The mycoviruses in Valsa spp. were further identified using metatranscriptomic sequencing and RT-PCR. The results revealed that a total of seven mycoviruses were identified, belonging to Botourmiaviridae, Endornaviridae, Fusariviridae, Hypoviridae, Mitoviridae, and Narnaviridae, among which Phomopsis longicolla hypovirus (PlHV) was dominant in all the sample collection regions. The Cryphonectria hypovirus 3-XJ1 (CHV3-XJ1), Botourmiaviridae sp.-XJ1 (BVsp-XJ1), and Fusariviridae sp.-XJ1 (Fvsp-XJ1) were new mycoviruses discovered within the Valsa spp. More importantly, compared with those in the virus-free Valsa spp. strain, the growth rate and virulence of the VN-5 strain co-infected with PlHV and CHV3-XJ1 were reduced by 59% and 75%, respectively, and the growth rate and virulence of the VN-34 strain infected with PlHV were reduced by 42% and 55%, respectively. On the other hand, the horizontal transmission efficiency of PlHV decreased when PlHV was co-infected with CHV3-XJ1, indicating that PlHV and CHV3-XJ1 were antagonistic. In summary, the mycoviruses in Valsa spp. were identified in Xinjiang for the first time, and three of them were newly discovered mycoviruses, with two strains yielding good results. These results will offer potential biocontrol resources for managing pear canker disease and provide a theoretical basis for the control of fruit tree Valsa canker disease.

2023 position statement on improving management for patients with heart failure in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Heart failure affects 1-3% of the population and remains a major public health problem, with high rates of hospitalisation and mortality. Health inequities in the incidence of heart failure have widened over the last 13 years in Aotearoa New Zealand. Urgent action is required to address the inequitable burden of heart failure among Māori and Pasifika. Regional and international heart failure guidelines now provide clear and consistent guidance on the contemporary approach to management for patients with heart failure. The purpose of this position statement is to ensure that all people in Aotearoa New Zealand have access to optimal healthcare delivery and pharmacotherapy for contemporary management of heart failure. Three main areas are addressed, including: 1) access to evidence-based pharmacotherapy for patients with heart failure, 2) the importance of early initiation and titration of pharmacotherapy, and 3) the workforce required to ensure timely delivery of heart failure therapies. Implementation of evidence-based healthcare will ensure all patients with heart failure in Aotearoa New Zealand have opportunity for substantial improvement in health.