Main Areas Of Development Research Articles

Ii : (State and Industry Congresses Business in Russia in the Late XIX - Early XX Century: Problems and Cooperation Mechanisms)

Prepared material traces the main stages of the formation of representative business organizations, representing the interests of the mining and processing industries, as well as transport. Arisen from the top, according to the government's initiative is mainly at the stage of economic modernization in the XIX-XX centuries. In the form of sectoral conventions, these organizations have become the leading form of representation of the interests of the business community in the state. The present study focuses on the analysis of the main areas of development, the identification of problems of interaction and the formation mechanisms of cooperation between state authorities and representative organizations of employers on behalf of their vanguard - the national and the regional and sectoral conventions at the turn of XIX-XX centuries. The conclusion is that, despite a number of features, these organizations were adequate form of representation of Russian business interests. They carry out certain functions of an intermediary between the state and the business community and laid the foundations of the social partnership system.

Recent Warming, Rather than Industrial Emissions of Bioavailable Nutrients, Is the Dominant Driver of Lake Primary Production Shifts across the Athabasca Oil Sands Region.

Freshwaters in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) are vulnerable to the atmospheric emissions and land disturbances caused by the local oil sands industry; however, they are also affected by climate change. Recent observations of increases in aquatic primary production near the main development area have prompted questions about the principal drivers of these limnological changes. Is the enhanced primary production due to deposition of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) from local industry or from recent climatic changes? Here, we use downcore, spectrally-inferred chlorophyll-a (VRS-chla) profiles (including diagenetic products) from 23 limnologically-diverse lakes with undisturbed catchments to characterize the pattern of primary production increases in the AOSR. Our aim is to better understand the relative roles of the local oil sands industry versus climate change in driving aquatic primary production trends. Nutrient deposition maps, generated using geostatistical interpolations of spring-time snowpack measurements from a grid pattern across the AOSR, demonstrate patterns of elevated total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and bioavailable nitrogen deposition around the main area of industrial activity. However, this pattern is not observed for bioavailable phosphorus. Our paleolimnological findings demonstrate consistently greater VRS-chla concentrations compared to pre-oil sands development levels, regardless of morphological and limnological characteristics, landscape position, bioavailable nutrient deposition, and dibenzothiophene (DBT)-inferred industrial impacts. Furthermore, breakpoint analyses on VRS-chla concentrations across a gradient of DBT-inferred industrial impact show limited evidence of a contemporaneous change among lakes. Despite the contribution of bioavailable nitrogen to the landscape from industrial activities, we find no consistency in the spatial pattern and timing of VRS-chla shifts with an industrial fertilizing signal. Instead, significant positive correlations were observed between VRS-chla and annual and seasonal temperatures. Our findings suggest warmer air temperatures and likely decreased ice covers are important drivers of enhanced aquatic primary production across the AOSR.

Limits of BOTDA Range Extension Techniques

Brillouin-based temperature and strain sensors have attracted great attention of both the academic and industrial sectors in the past few decades due to their ability to perform distributed measurements. In particular, Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) systems have been applied in many different scenarios, proving particularly useful in those requiring especially wide coverage ranging extremely long distances, such as in civil structure monitoring, energy transportation, or environmental applications. The extension of the measuring range in these sensors has, therefore, become one of the main areas of research and development around BOTDA. To do so, it is necessary to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the retrieved signal. So far, several techniques have been applied in order to achieve this goal, such as preamplification before detection, pulse coding, or Raman amplification. Here, we analyze these techniques in terms of their performance limits and provide guidelines that can assist in finding out which is the best configuration to break current range limitations. Our analysis is based on physical arguments as well as current literature results.

Life cycle assessment capacity roadmap (section 1): decision-making support using LCA

When life cycle assessment (LCA) results do not show a clear and certain environmental preference of one choice over one or several alternatives, current methods are limited in their ability to inform decision-makers. To address this and related cross-cutting issues, a group of LCA practitioners has been working on a roadmap for capacity development in LCA. The roadmap is identifying common needs for development in LCA, which can then be addressed by the broader LCA community. The roadmap document on decision-making support, having undergone a public comment period, outlines the current state as well as needs and milestones to ensure progress continues apace. The roadmap document, available for download, covers five main areas of development: (1) performance measures of confidence, which identify the acceptable uncertainty for study results, while minimizing expenditures; (2) selection of impact categories, an area with multiple existing methods. The roadmap suggests codifying these methods and identifying their suitability to various applications; (3) normalization; while several methods of normalization are in use, the method with the greatest acceptance in the LCA community (i.e., relying on total or per capita regional emissions/extractions) has a number of methodological drawbacks; (4) weighting, which is a form of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). The broader MCDA field can enrich LCA by providing studied methods of assessing trade-offs; and (5) visualization of results. Many other LCA capacity needs would benefit from documentation. These include but are not limited to the following: addressing ill-characterized uncertainty, life cycle inventory data needs, data format needs, and tool capabilities. Other roadmapping groups are forming and are looking for practitioners to support the effort.

Mission possible: Building an effective business continuity team in seven steps

Several books and studies exist on the creation, development and benefits of high-performing teams; many others offer insights into the business continuity management (BCM) discipline, crisis response and planning. Very rarely, however, do they cover both. This paper will explore the seven main development areas that helped build the foundation for a successful and high-performing BCM team in the Australian Taxation Office. Practical, actionable advice will be provided, recognising that the task for those starting out can be quite daunting and complex.

PERSPECTIVE DIRECTIONS OF FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL MICROELECTRONICS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

On the basis of a comparative analysis of the development of microelectronics in Russia and leading foreign countries, the main areas for further development of local microelectronics are examined. Technical and economic aspects of transfers to new technological levels, formation of advanced transistor structures, SoC VLSI, VLSI 3D are examined.

The judicial reform Ukraine: administrative and legal basis

The article deals with the essence of judicial reform in Ukraine, which provides prompt and effective judicial protection of its citizens and other individuals and legal entities, state and public interests. An important area for further development of the judicial system must be as effective implementation of mechanisms to combat corruption among judges, the final release of the judiciary from political pressure and influence from the other branches of government, as well as enhancing the role of civil society in monitoring the work of the judiciary. Relevance of the topic is that during the time that has elapsed since Ukraine gained independence, our country has passed a long and difficult way towards the formation of an independent and efficient judicial system that would ensure the speedy and effective judicial protection of its citizens and other legal entities and individuals, state and public interests. However, today there are many unresolved problems to overcome are to be directed further efforts of the state. This situation is due to the ineffectiveness of certain aspects of the state policy in the sphere of organization and functioning of the judicial system. mistakes made at various stages of its formation. Thus, the study of the history of the state policy in the sphere of organization and functioning of the judicial system of Ukraine will determine its main shortcomings and areas for further development. Also, the relevance of the research topic is confirmed insufficiency of scientific papers dealing with the administrative and legal framework of reform of the judicial system of Ukraine, which, combined with the need for complex scientific analysis of this issue leads to the importance and timeliness of this article. The aim of the article is to define the legal and administrative aspects of the reform of the judicial system of Ukraine. The findings are that important direction for further development of the judicial system should be as the introduction of mechanisms to effectively fight corruption among judges, the final release of the judiciary from political pressure and influence from the other branches of government, as well as enhancing the role of civil society in monitoring the work of the judiciary. Therefore, the further development of public policy should be concentrated in the Concept of development of the judicial system for the coming years, the development of the provisions of which should be the direction of future research.

Análisis de la producción y de la visibilidad científica de Ecuador en el contexto andino (2000-2013)

A quantitative analysis of the scientific production of Ecuador in the Andean context is provided for 2000-2013, using data provided by the SCImago journal & country rank (SJR). We identified the indicators of absolute production and growth rate, and used three indicators to evaluate visibility: absolute citation, cites per document and international collaboration. We concluded that 1) Ecuador enjoyed positive growth in scientific production during the study period, except in 2010 and 2011; 2) it rebounded at the end of the period analyzed; 3) half of the production was in the areas of agriculture and medicine, which therefore appeared as the main areas of national scientific development; and 4) the most productive area, agriculture, was also the most cited.

Macro Demand Spatial Approach (MDSA) at Spatial Demand Forecasting for Transmission System Planning

Macro Demand Spatial Approach (MDSA) is an approach introduced in long time electricity demand forecasting considering location. It will be used at transmission planning and policy decision on electricity infrastructure development in a region. In the model, MDSA combined with qualitative approach and quantitative approach as mixed method. QA used to determine main development area and supporting area in region.This method is used to prove the hypothesis that the observed transmission service area are not homogeneous.Main development area is an area with industrial domination as a driver of economic growth. Whilst, supporting area is an area with residential domination that supporting economic growth at main development area.Hence, the electricity demand driver variables are different for type of electricity consumer at different spatial characteristics. The variables have no significant effect can be reduced by using PCA. The results of PCA should be validated with the results of QA. Generated models formed from the variables generated by PCA. The generated models tested to assess whether it fit with the actual data. Range of interval confidence level used as fit criteria. At the case study, generated model for main development areas and supporting area in Southern Sumatra Regionas a part of Sumatra System is still in the range of confidence level. Thus, MDSA can be proposed as alternative approach on demand forecastingat transmission planning that considering location.

Development of Urban Agglomerations of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Conditions of the Formation of the New Silk Road

The paper deals with current issues of the regional spatial organization based on the identification and analysis of key factors and prerequisites for the formation of urban agglomerations as the most important growth centers, integrated with global and regional markets in the conditions of a qualitatively new stage in the history of the Great Silk Road. We assess promising directions and negative effects of development of agglomerated formations and zones of their influence in the Republic of Kazakhstan as a region having an advantageous geostrategic position in the Eurasian space. In Kazakhstan, the current process of urbanization has a multiple- vector nature, and the course of formation of urban agglomerations provides convincing evidence of an increase in their share in settlement and in the total population. It is agglomerated forms of urban development that are a kind of indicator of the onset of maturity in settlement, specifying key points of the socio-economic space, namely: cores of regions, nodes of foreign economic relations and contacts, main areas of new territories development, the most important links in the internal infrastructure, etc. It is urban agglomerations that should act as a kind of special platform of integration processes, on the basis of which the Republic of Kazakhstan should revive its historical role in the development of the global project New Silk Road and become a major trade and logistics, finance and business, innovation and technology, and tourism hub of the Central Asia region, a bridge between Europe and Asia.

Habitat traits and patterns of abundance of the purple sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816), at multiple scales along the north Portuguese coast

Spatial and temporal patterns of abundance and distribution of sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus) from intertidal rockpools of the north Portuguese coast were examined in relation to physical (surface, altitude, depth, topographic complexity and exposure) and biological (substrate cover by dominant organisms) habitat traits. The methodology was based on a multi-factorial design where the total number and the abundance of urchins in each of six size classes were sampled over a range of spatial scales, from 10s of cm to kms, and a temporal scale of five months. The results highlighted three main features of the studied system: (1) the largest proportion of variability of sea urchins occurred at the smallest scale examined; (2) urchins from different size classes showed different patterns of abundance in relation to habitat traits; (3) variables normally invoked as potential drivers of distribution of urchins at a range of scales, such as hydrodynamics and shore height, were relatively less important than other abiotic (i.e. pool area, pool mean depth calculated over five replicate measures and sand cover) and biological (i.e. space occupancy by the reef-forming polychaete Sabellaria alveolata and mussels vs. availability of bare rock) variables to provide a considerable contribution to the variability of sea urchins. Intertidal populations of sea urchins are abundant on many rocky shores, where they are socially and economically important as food resource and ecologically key as habitat modelers. This study provides new clues on relatively unstudied populations, with relevant implications for possible management decisions, including the implementation of protection schemes able to preserve the main recruitment, settlement and development areas of P. lividus.

Redesigning a Manufacturing System Based on Functional Independence: The Case of a Tree Nursery

The engineering of manufacturing systems encompasses two main areas of development: the manufacturing process (manufacturing technologies, and flow and handling of materials), and the production management (flow of information - signals). These two areas must be designed to perform according to the expressed needs. This paper shows that the Axiomatic Design (AD) theory can be used to analyse a manufacturing system to find the origin of the lack of productivity, and, subsequently, to redesign a solution avoiding the weakness points. A case study of a tree nursery of a large wood production enterprise was used to show the application of the axiomatic design principles, particularly through analysing the design equation and including new design parameters with the independence in mind. The redesign solution based on the independence of functions promoted the simplification of the information (signals) flow, avoiding the identification of each production element, and avoiding errors, which increases the productivity and the production volume, by elimination of waste of time in production operations. The proposed solution brought results that encourage the application of AD to increment the productivity of manufacturing systems, in alternative to expensive investments.

The Use of Regression Analysis in the Financial Planning of Banks, Mathematical Formalization of the Stages of Financial Planning in Banks

The article deals with the basic principles of the implementation of the financial planning in a bank and formation of system of indicators to assess its effectiveness; the convolution of the relevant indicators related to the integral assessment of the financial condition on the basis of multi-objective optimization; identification of the bank’s potential based on the average weighted growth-rate characteristics of the current financial situation; the development of strategies for the planning of the bank’s activities in the context of the main development areas through the use of a matrix approach; assessment of the efficiency of financial planning in a bank on the basis of regression analysis.

Deployment of digital healthcare kiosks in the workplace: Utilisation and acceptability

Introduction: Digital healthcare kiosks provide a convenient, user-friendly and empowering method of promoting self-care and enhancing individuals’ understanding of their health status. Previous areas of successful deployment include primary care (Lowe & Cummin, 2010) and sexual health clinics (Shaffi et al, 2014). This project explored the effectiveness of using kiosk-based technologies as an occupational health tool, evaluating the activity and acceptability of health kiosks amongst employees of a large, private sector organisation. Each kiosk was capable of recording or calculating body mass index, body fat composition, blood pressure, heart rate and cardiovascular risk. Six health kiosks were deployed across three facilities with a combined workforce of approximately 3000. Aims and objectives: The evaluation aimed not only to explore the level of usage across kiosks, but also to provide insight into user perceptions of efficacy, usefulness and acceptability. The project also sought to identify key drivers and barriers related to the uptake of kiosk technologies by employees. Results: During a five-month pilot period, the kiosks were used on a total of 4104 occasions by 2293 users. Based on a reporting time of 149 days, this represents an average of 4.6 uses per kiosk, per day. There was substantial variability in usage across different sites and kiosks (range 1.5-11.4 uses per day). Though this partly reflected different ratios of kiosks to employees at different sites, variations in kiosk placement may also have played a part. To gain an understanding of the user perspective on kiosk usage, employees were also prompted – through questions embedded in the kiosks - to share their experiences and views on the value of the deployment. Over three-quarters of first-time users graded the kiosk overall as ‘excellent’ or ‘good’. 52% of respondents stated that they were ‘very likely’ or ‘likely’ to modify their lifestyle as a consequence of using the kiosks; 84% reported that they would continue to use the kiosks to monitor their health status. 20 employees participated in semi-structured interviews to gain a richer insight into their experiences. Feedback was generally positive, particularly in relation to the kiosks’ convenience and functionality. The main areas for development highlighted by users related to privacy and

PCN216 - How is Research and Development Innovation Evolving? Focus on Oncology and Cardiovascular Disease

By 2030,50% of all deaths are expected to be caused by oncology, or cardiovascular diseases. Research and development therefore continues to evolve in these areas to provide a better answer to complex medical needs. As a consequence, the definition of innovation is evolving, going from therapeutic drugs with a new mode of action to novel biotechnologies, biological therapeutics, and vaccination. We aim to investigate how therapies for oncology and cardiovascular diseases are expected to evolve in future into technologies that transform the concept of innovation. Data were extracted from Citeline to assess the scale of therapies in development including: vaccines, stem cells, antibodies, reformulation of combination therapy, gene therapy and RNAi. In oncology, across the selected novel therapies, there are over 670 trials in preclinical to phase 3 of development. Vaccines have a higher rate of development with over 200 products in preclinical development to phase 3. Other areas of development include antibodies, and gene therapy, with over 30 therapies in phase 2 trials alone. Meanwhile, cardiovascular disease has fewer ongoing ‘novel therapy’ trials compared to oncology (around 75% fewer trials). The main areas of development include reformulation of fixed dose combinations, and stem cell research (a total of 60 trials, and 53 trials in preclinical to phase 3 respectively). The trend in innovation for cardiovascular disease instead tends to be focussed on integrated technology and medical devices. While we are fairly acquainted with the current evaluation methods and relevance of clinical and economic evidence of traditional therapies, the emergence of new technologies creates uncertainties around how they will be assessed by payers. For example, demonstrating the value of vaccines (which avoid illness) is difficult to express. Industry must now consider factors outside of the current remit to prepare for successful market access.

2010년 태풍 특징

In 2010, only 14 tropical cyclones (TCs) were generated over the western North Pacific (WNP), which was the smallest since 1951. This study summarizes characteristics of TCs generated in 2010 over the WNP and investigates the causes of the record-breaking TC genesis. A long-term variation of TC activity in the WNP and verification of official track forecast in 2010 are also examined. Monthly tropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly data reveal that El Ni<TEX>$\tilde{n}$</TEX>o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event in 2010 was shifted from El Ni<TEX>$\tilde{n}$</TEX>o to La Ni<TEX>$\tilde{n}$</TEX>a in June and the La Ni<TEX>$\tilde{n}$</TEX>a event was strong and continued to the end of the year. We found that these tropical environments leaded to unfavorable conditions for TC formation at main TC development area prior to May and at tropics east of <TEX>$140^{\circ}E$</TEX> during summer mostly due to low SST, weak convection, and strong vertical wind shear in those areas. The similar ENSO event (in shifting time and La Ni<TEX>$\tilde{n}$</TEX>a intensity) also occurred in 1998, which was the second smallest TC genesis year (16 TCs) since 1951. The common point of the two years suggests that the ENSO episode shifting from El Ni<TEX>$\tilde{n}$</TEX>o to strong La Ni<TEX>$\tilde{n}$</TEX>a in summer leads to extremely low TC genesis during La Ni<TEX>$\tilde{n}$</TEX>a although more samples are needed for confidence. In 2010, three TCs, DIANMU (1004), KOMPASU (1007) and MALOU (1009), influenced the Korean Peninsula (KP) in spite of low total TC genesis. These TCs were all generated at high latitude above <TEX>$20^{\circ}N$</TEX> and arrived over the KP in short time. Among them, KOMPASU (1007) brought the most serious damage to the KP due to strong wind. For 14 TCs in 2010, mean official track forecast error of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) for 48 hours was 215 km, which was the highest among other foreign agencies although the errors are generally decreasing for last 10 years, suggesting that more efforts are needed to improve the forecast skill.

ChemInform Abstract: The Coordination Chemistry of Substituted Anthraquinones: Developments and Applications

AbstractReview: 139 refs.

The Concept of MDSA (Macro Demand Spatial Approach) on Spatial Demand Forecasting for Main Development Area in Transmission Planning

The Concept of MDSA (Macro Demand Spatial Approach) on Spatial Demand Forecasting for Main Development Area in Transmission Planning

Forensic nursing emergency care

Background: often the medical personnel from the emergency departments are confronted with patients incumbent forensic aspects. The role of nurses in contact with the forensic patient goes beyond the normal care delivery practices requiring specific skills, knowledge and attitudes that influence the the forensic patient future evolution and case management. Presently no specific systematic training is availableat national level for continuous education of nurses for that specific issue. Aim and methodology: A descriptive study aiming to describe the experiences, knowledge, attitudes, practices and to identify and rank the educational needs of nurses in emergency department was carried out on a lot of 30 nurses from the emergency department of Bucharest Universitary Hospital in order to identify the main areas for future development of a dedicated training module for forensic nursing. Results: The result reveals that more than 90% of respondents are aware that forensicpatients occurs frequently in their practice and all of them are in favour of a dedicated training on forensic nursing aspects is necessary for emergency care nurses. Conclusion: Further development of adequate training module for different level of health care professionals involved in forensic patient diagnostic and treatment form nurses, medical doctors, social workers, paramedics, child care, police officers is necessary as a guarantee of adequate care for that specific category of patient.

INFLUENCING NURSES' COMMUNICATION STYLE THROUGH A TWO DAY INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATION SKILLS COURSE

BackgroundAn audit of hospital notes of inpatients diagnosed with advanced pancreatic cancer on a tertiary heptobiliary unit found little evidence of end of life discussions and advance care planning. While...