Main Actors Research Articles

Implementasi Hak Asasi Manusia Tentang Perbudakan dalam Perspektif Hadis

Humans as the main actors in social action are a concern that cannot be underestimated when the problems that arise threaten the existence of human values. Islam comes as a founder that facilitates basic human rights. This paper seeks to explain the attitude and efforts shown by the Prophet towards slavery and its implications in upholding human rights. This research uses library research by referring to several literatures such as ḥadīths, books and scientific articles that are relevant to the discussion. The method used is descriptive-analysis, by first describing the Prophet's attitude and statements related to slavery, then analyzing their relationship and role in the context of human rights. The results of this study indicate that the efforts made by the Prophet were essentially to abolish slavery. At least there are several concepts that become steps to abolish slavery, including treating slaves like their own brothers, the recommendation and order to free slaves, and the order to free slaves as a sanction for crimes committed. These steps are evidence of the role and contribution of Islam which first voiced and upheld human rights. The role played by the Prophet needs to be studied and researched in a broader and deeper scope to find out how Islamic attitudes and actions in overcoming humanitarian problems and implementing them in world development.

Revolusi Kampus, Wajah Baru Islam di Amerika

Israel's brutal attacks on Palestinian land continue. More than 35,000 Palestinian civilians have been killed. Most of the victims are women and children. The genocide committed by Israel and funded by the United States (US) has been condemned by the world. Interestingly, a massive wave of protests was carried out by students on prominent campuses in the US. This ally of Israel deployed a large number of police officers to stop student action. More than 1000 students from various campuses in the US were arrested by local police. However, the action did not stop and actually expanded to hundreds of campuses. The US student social movement confirms the theory of social movements led by youth and students, which is undeniable. The US student solidarity action has erupted into a campus revolution that places students as the main actors and agents of change. The campus revolution in the US has succeeded in giving a new color to US democracy that melts ideological barriers. The campus revolution in the US also presents a new face of Islam in the land of Pamansam, which is dominated by young people and scholars.

Fakir Miskin dan Anak Telantar dalam Dekapan Panti Asuhan Muhammadiyah Padang Laweh Malalo Kabupaten Tanah Datar Tahun 2010-2021

This research examines "The Poor and Abandoned Children in the Arms of the Padang Laweh Malalo Muhammadiyah Orphanage, Tanah Datar Regency, 2010-2021". The four main actors in this research are foster children, guardians (mamak), the state, and Muhammadiyah. By understanding the relationship dynamics between these four actors, who will play a role in caring for abandoned and poor children? Is it the state, guardians, or Muhammadiyah? This research uses a multidimensional approach. This method strategy is necessary for analyzing research topics thoroughly. The method uses historical methods: heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results of the research show that the Muhammadiyah Padang Laweh Malalo Orphanage plays a role in accommodating the poor and neglected children, especially amid delays or neglect of guardians, as well as the state's indifference, a meaningful initiative and served as a refuge for abandoned children. The study concludes that guardians and the state no longer carry out their roles and functions so that children enter orphanages. The state, by Article 34 Paragraph 1 of the Law, which declares "The Poor and Abandoned Children are cared for by the State," has proven unable to carry out its role effectively in providing protection and care for marginalized children. Muhammadiyah is a social or religious organization that has proven to be a savior for marginalized groups.

Dampak Pengembangan Pantai Kilo Lima Pada Masyarakat Lokal di Kota Luwuk Kabupaten Banggai

Tourism development often does not pay attention to the preservation of natural resources and local culture which are also affected by tourism development and considers that the tourism industry is an industry whose existence is interrelated. This research is descriptive research in the form of written or oral words from people and observable behavior and to be able to better identify the variables to be examined in relation to them and aims to present a structured, factual, and accurate description of the facts -fact and the relationship between the variables to be studied. From the results of the study there are positive and negative impacts that arise. Both environmental, socio-cultural, and economic impacts on local communities who are the main actors who feel the impact of tourism development. The community has felt the positive impact provided by the tourism sector. Although there are still negative impacts that are also felt

The Identity Crisis among Peoples from Mixed Parents from Countries under in Inter-States Conflicts: Case of Rwanda, D.R. Congo and Burundi

The study was carried out by 5 mixed- people living in Burundi, Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, within the framework of guided interview seminars, in order to analyze the construction of mixed-ethics people in the context of identity conflicts due to ethnic or cultural conflicts, otherwise known as “ethnocultural conflicts”. Mestizos are a minority in the states where we live, and are considered problematic in the various societies of Africa’s Great Lakes region country. My fieldwork revealed that mixed-ethnic people in these three countries are victims of several atrocities, including ethnic marginalization, nepotism, socio-political demonization and economic discrimination. In this context, I have attempted to identify the main actors involved in identity conflicts among mixed-ethic people, and to propose a perspective of dialogue as a solution to the situations of the mixed-ethnic people mentioned above. On this basis, a number of recommendations have been put forward to reinforce the hope of positive action at regional level for the promotion of peace and lasting stability, particularly for mixed people who are increasingly victims of appearance status at UN level.

The prevention school diary: Evaluability assessment of a widely adopted intervention in Ile-de-France

ObjectivesThe prevention school diary is distributed each year to children aged between 10 and 11 years old by La Ligue contre le cancer, a French association promoting prevention and research against cancer. While they write their homework in the diary, children can learn about a range of health determinants. This diary promotes health in a fun and educational way, as it integrates drawings made by children about the different themes covered by the diary. This paper aims to present the evaluability assessment of this intervention in Ile-de-France (Paris area), where it is already widely deployed. Material and methodsWe have traced the history of the prevention school diary and assessed how it is currently used in Ile-de-France by leading interviews with county committees of La Ligue contre le cancer. Successive versions of the diary and results of teacher satisfaction surveys were examined. All information collected was integrated into a logic model, which characterizes the main components, actors, and effects of the intervention. ResultsThe prevention school diary was created in the West of France in the late 90s. It was then implemented in Paris and extended to other counties of Ile-de-France. Currently, six counties collaborate on the production of a common diary. Whereas it only dealt with tobacco consumption at the beginning, the prevention school diary now covers nutrition, physical activity, sun exposure, sleep and screen use, addiction, as well as safety in some counties. Three levels of intervention have been identified, depending on whether or not the distribution of the diary is followed by the production of drawings for the next edition or health education sessions. The expected effects of the prevention school diary have been integrated into a logic model emphasizing children, school, and family level. Outcomes include Capabilities (knowledge and skills), Opportunities, and Motivation to adopt healthy Behaviours, according to the theoretical model of behaviour change COM-B. ConclusionThe evaluability assessment phase enabled us to gain a better understanding of the conditions under which the intervention is deployed, and thus to identify the factors to be considered for a broad assessment of its effectiveness. It is especially important since the intervention is already well established in Ile-de-France.

Environmental field transformation: a theory on local environmental protection changes in China

Understanding social space is a prerequisite for analyzing local environmental protection. A new theorized social space – the environmental field - is proposed to analyze local environmental protection practices in China, as the existing three types (environmental state, community, and network) can miss the main logics, actors, or practices. First, the actors’ positions in the field, where environmental and political-economic capital operate, significantly affects their perceptions, practices, and power relations. Second, the field transforms – in terms of new power relations and orders – if certain actors have accumulated significant temporary successes from the struggles with others after rupturing moments. This theory is illustrated by Latent Transition Analyses of the two species of capital in County T, China, from 2014 to 2019. I then analyze selected actors to examine whether their environmental protection practices echo the LTA results and whether the theory could explain their practices and transformation. This theory can help practitioners understand and evaluate environmental protection in developing countries.

Contested nuclear discourses during the 2022 French presidential campaign

ABSTRACT The debate on nuclear energy in France offers insights into how energy, the environment, the economy, and society intersect. These insights are crucial to understand the future of sustainable energy. In this paper, the French nuclear debate as it emerged on Twitter during the Presidential campaign of 2021–2022 is analysed through a two-step discursive approach. Discourse Network Analysis is used to create a snapshot of the debate in terms of coalitions of actors and discourses; then, an interpretive approach is employed to analyse the meanings attached to the sets of policy positions obtained through DNA. The article shows who are the main actors and the most common arguments. Furthermore, it shows that, in France, pursuing the use of civil nuclear is framed as a pragmatic choice in the face of climate change and insecure energy supplies; in populist terms as a form of energy that could turn back the clock of globalisation; and as an impasse that prevents France from embracing a truly sustainable energy agenda. By unveiling this set of discourses, the article challenges the idea of ‘French nuclear exceptionalism’ often found in the literature and the media and contributes to the larger literature on nuclear discourses.

7 - Disputas de e por espaços político-identitários: o rap e os movimentos sociais em Cabo Verde

Independent since 1975 and democratic since 1991, Cabo Verde has not escaped the waves of urban protests that plagued African capitals in the second half of the 2000s. Rap, perceived as the new expression of protest by urban youth, consolidates itself in the 2000s as one of the main actors in the Cape Verdean political scene and becomes an important vehicle for mobilizing and building an urban culture of resistance, amplifying these issues. This article, based on an ethnographic research in the cities of Praia (Santiago Island) and Mindelo (São Vicente Island), seeks to answer three questions: on how rap has shown the identity, social and urban contradictions; how it has articulated with other types of social movements; 3) what is the place of women in rap and street politics?

Роль технологического предпринимательства в сфере промышленности в современных условиях

Introduction. The competitiveness of industry in modern conditions is carried out through scientific and technological development. High-tech companies play a key role in solving the main tasks of increasing the competitiveness of Russian economy in accordance with global challenges and priorities of Russia’s scientific and technological development. Theoretical analysis. High-tech production, Industry 4.0 technologies and technological entrepreneurship in modern economy are the main actors in achieving technological sovereignty, the transition to economic growth and technological support for the sustainable development of Russian production systems. The article examines the role of technological entrepreneurship in the transition of industrial enterprises to Industry 4.0 technologies. Empirical analysis. An innovative development dynamics analysis in Russia and foreign countries is carried out, a startup studio is considered as a tool for the development of technological entrepreneurship, as well as the practice of its implementation in Russia and the USA. Results. Based on the results of the study, a number of proposals for the development of technological entrepreneurship in the small and medium-sized enterprise industry sector were formulated and justified.

Transnational companies in environmental conflicts: Rio Tinto, anti-mining resistance in Serbia, and the contradictions of Europeanization

AbstractAfter decades of outsourcing mining activities, Global North governments have begun to domesticate production sites. This strategy aligns with decarbonization goals but also contributes to the emergence of new environmental conflicts and protest movements. The analysis of these movements provides an important insight into the changing shape of transnational rule in the context of resource extraction for the European Green Deal. Building on the approach to reconstruct rule from resistance, we reconstruct the anti-mining resistance movement against a lithium mine in Serbia. Tracing their tactics and addressees, we identify three main conflict actors that the movement is opposed to (the transnational mining company Rio Tinto, the Serbian government, and the European Union (EU)). By addressing these institutions, the protesters do not only constitute a multifaceted conflict constellation around the Jadar project, but they also submit an argument about who can and who is allowed to dictate to others how they ought to behave. While all involved parties play their part, the EU appears more as a structural force during the conflict, preconfiguring the possible conduct of others. Particularly, the accession process places contradictory expectations on Serbia, both enabling and restricting the agency of the government and domestic protest movements. Yet, transnational companies are likely profiting from this constellation in the long run, because the inbuilt contradiction between a commitment to green policies and a pressure to open markets to foreign investments in the context of the accession process is conducive to that end.

Once upon a Time, There Was a Piece of Wood: Present Knowledge and Future Perspectives in Fungal Deterioration of Wooden Cultural Heritage in Terrestrial Ecosystems and Diagnostic Tools.

Wooden Cultural Heritage (WCH) represents a significant portion of the world's historical and artistic heritage, consisting of immovable and movable artefacts. Despite the expertise developed since ancient times to enhance its durability, wooden artefacts are inevitably prone to degradation. Fungi play a pivotal role in the deterioration of WCH in terrestrial ecosystems, accelerating its decay and leading to alterations in color and strength. Reviewing the literature of the last 25 years, we aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of fungal diversity affecting WCH, the biochemical processes involved in wood decay, and the diagnostic tools available for fungal identification and damage evaluation. Climatic conditions influence the occurrence of fungal species in threatened WCH, characterized by a prevalence of wood-rot fungi (e.g., Serpula lacrymans, Coniophora puteana) in architectural heritage in temperate and continental climates and Ascomycota in indoor and harsh environments. More efforts are needed to address the knowledge fragmentation concerning biodiversity, the biology of the fungi involved, and succession in the degradative process, which is frequently centered solely on the main actors. Multidisciplinary collaboration among engineers, restorers, and life sciences scientists is vital for tackling the challenges posed by climate change with increased awareness. Traditional microbiology and culture collections are fundamental in laying solid foundations for a more comprehensive interpretation of big data.

Analysis of Clove Supply in Jombang District Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia (Case Study CV Mega Tiga Anugrah)

Cloves are an agricultural commodity that has great potential. CV Mega Tiga Anugrah is a clove supplier located on Java Island, where the clove supply is obtained from farmers from various regions on Sulawesi Island. This research aims to analyze product flows, money flows and information flows as well as the supply chain actors’ activities. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. The research results show that the clove supply chain mechanism starts from the flow of products from farmers, small collectors, medium collectors, large collectors, and CV companies. Mega Tiga Anugrah, until they reached the cigarette factory. The flow of information in the clove supply chain is well integrated between supply chain actors, while the flow of money occurs by the agreement of the supply chain actors. Supply chain activities consist of two actors in the supply chain, namely the main and supporting actors. The main actors are farmers, small, medium, and large collectors, and the CV Mega Tiga Anugrah company. Meanwhile, the supporting actors include transport workers, factory workers, and the Cigarette Factory Company PT Hanjaya Mandala Sampoerna Tbk.

Inovasi Peningkatan Penjualan Minuman Kopi Aroma Kahuripan Menggunakan Metode Interpretive Structular Modelling (ISM)

Sales of coffee drinks from opening stands at bazaars and through social media have fluctuated. In November the target was exceeded. However, from December to April the target was not met. Based on these obstacles, there is a need for sales innovation that will increase sales of Aroma Kahuripan coffee drinks. This research uses qualitative research. After processing the data using ISM Professional software, the results showed that the obstacles that occurred in Aroma Kahuripan sales were unfriendly customer service and unattractive marketing. Apart from that, there are main actors in the sales process, namely marketing staff and baristas.

Kwestia transformacji relacji UE-Rosja w dyskursie politycznym przywódców państw Grupy Wyszehradzkiej

The main purpose of the article is to analyze the transformation of EU-Russia relations in the political discourse of the Visegrad Group leaders in the context of Russia’s full-scale military aggression against Ukraine. Based on the analysis of selected speeches, the author focuses on explaining the style of political leadership of the prime ministers from V4 countries and on the main elements of the presented assumptions regarding the transformation of the European Union’s foreign policy. Particular attention is paid to the issue of future format of EU-Russia relations, as well as to the issue of EU enlargement. For this purpose, a comparative analysis of the leadership style evolution of the main actors (both institutional and individual) from the European Union and the Visegrad Group countries was carried out in relation to the issue of cooperation with Russia in 2014–2022 and after the full-scale Russian invasion that took place on February 24, 2022.

К вопросу о внешнеполитической деятельности буддистов СССР в контексте вероисповедной политики советского государства (1950–1970-е гг.)

Introduction. At present, when there is an intensification of cultural exchanges, political and economic contacts between Russia and Asian countries, it may be useful to study the experience of the history of relations between Buddhist organizations of different countries in international non-governmental organizations in the post-war decades. The purpose is to study some details of the international activities of the Buddhist clergy in the 1950s–1970s, namely: the features of interaction between Soviet state bodies and the Central Spiritual Administration of Buddhists and some aspects of the history of the participation of Soviet Buddhists in international non-governmental organizations. Materials. The main sources of the article were materials of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, as well as other archives of the country. A number of archival documents are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Conclusions. The institutionalization of Buddhism was carried out under the full control of the Soviet state, but at the same time it contributed to its development and spread, albeit in a limited form in various regions of the country. The direct foreign policy activity of Soviet Buddhists, in the conditions of the Cold War, was subordinated to the guidelines of the party, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the relevant competent departments. The Buddhists of the USSR were the agents of state policy in the international arena in the East. Since 1970, after the formation, on the initiative of the Soviet government, of the international organization “Asian Buddhist Conference for Peace”, Mongolia has become a key Buddhist diplomatic partner of the USSR. In the context of the formation of a “new world order,” people’s Buddhist diplomacy today can become one of the main actors in international relations.

The complex networks of an entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystem: proposal for a representation model

This article presents a proposal for a representation model of entrepreneurial innovation ecosystems, based on the Theory of Complex Networks, in order to understand the complexity of the relationships between its actors. The methodology used was a qualitative approach, of a bibliographic and documentary nature, which defined categorized axes based on the dimensions of politics, economy, culture, support institutions, human capital and access to the market, present in an entrepreneur. The model that will contribute to supporting the connections and dissemination of knowledge in an entrepreneurial innovation ecosystem, providing insights for its actors to analyze public policies based on their impact in terms of multidimensional development was applied in the city of Salvador/BA, as proof concept. Its application allowed the collection of mapping results from the main actors in the ecosystem of the capital of Bahia, in addition to identifying the dissemination of knowledge as an important dimension for the development of new actions and partnerships between them to foster innovation.

Financial Reporting, Criminal-Juridical Protection, And Corruption in Albania

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is role of financial reporting and the accounting profession in the identification of corruption what is foreseen in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Albania regarding the activity of businesses that violate financial reporting in accordance with accounting standards, how they stand against each other with the aim of a true and fair view of the activities of each entity. Methods: This paper comes as an empirical study of the regulatory framework in Albania in the field of financial reporting and criminal-juridical protection provided in under Criminal Code of the Republic of Albania, as two influential indicators in the wide discussed phenomenon of corruption in our country. The study employs a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Through empirical and statistical analysis, the actuality in Albania will be understood in the trinomial of financial reporting, criminal-juridical protection, and corruption. At the end, suggestions for the main actors will be presented for the role of financial reporting in the fight against corruption and organized crime, identifying it as a main tool. Results and Discussion: Corruption and organized crime are increasingly finding themselves in many dimensions in the world of globalization and information technology development. Through the "Action plan for fighting corruption and economic crime" (2022), IFAC has provided a framework for how to improve the role of the accounting profession in the fight against corruption, aiming for alignment with the UN SDGs. In this context, Albania has also undertaken its reforms in several areas, such as in the field of financial reporting, justice, etc., focusing on strengthening institutions, increasing public trust, and involving professionals with integrity and an elevated level of professionalism. Implications of the Research: Albania has been working for a long time now to align its legislation with that of the EU, in the framework of EU Integration. Among other areas, there have been a lot of developments toward the harmonization of the legal framework in the field of accounting and audit profession regulation. One of the crucial points in financial information publication is the process of preparation and auditing of financial statements. The legal framework altogether with the reporting standards should aim to encourage the publication of a true and fair view of financial information. It is recommended that the accounting professionals should show caution to prepare financial statements in accordance with national accounting standards, or international financial reporting standards evidencing the true and fair view of the entity's activity. Originality/Value: This paper presents the effect of financial reporting and criminal-juridical protection on the level of corruption in Albania. This goal is achieved by evidencing statistical data on economic entities operating in our country, describing an analysis of criminal-juridical protection provided for in the Criminal Code in force in the Republic of Albania, as well as based on a literature studied to understand how the financial reporting of entities is an important instrument for identifying corruption and what is foreseen in this criminal offense, as a means of preventing corruption and conducting business activity in accordance with legal acts.

Pulp addiction? Perspectives of local regime actors on the development of the growing pulp industry in Uruguay

The pulp and paper industry is one of the largest industries in the world. The main actors are a few multi-national enterprises operating in global markets. The industry is increasingly moving its production to the Global South, which alters global pulp value chains and the national socio-technical regimes of those countries. Additionally, the sustainability paradigm and transition to bioeconomy are challenging the pulp and paper industry of today. We conducted semi-structured expert interviews, analyzed, and interpreted the findings through the multi-level perspective framework. The study aims to advance knowledge on how the local regime actors inside the pulp regime perceive the development of the Uruguayan pulp industry since the MNEs established operations in Uruguay until 2018. Our findings suggest that local regime actors see that the Uruguayan pulp industry regime and its' development is highly influenced by multinational enterprises and the way they organized their global value chains. Uruguay's role in the global pulp industry value chain remains as a material resource provider, which has not improved the innovation capacity of the country particularly. The interviewees however feel that this is a key issue to develop in the country. Thus, we suggest that a transition to a sustainable bioeconomy in Uruguay would require steps forward in the immaterial resource base with closer cooperation between the industrial actors, the national research and education actors, and local small and medium-sized enterprises. In large-scale Global North–Global South investments a true collaboration between the multi-national enterprises and local regime actors is crucial for reaching a strongly sustainable bioeconomy.

An Abolitionist Vicious Circle: Slaving, Antislavery, and Violence on the Shores of Lake Tanganyika at the Onset of Colonial Occupation

ABSTRACT In the late nineteenth century, abolitionists felt entitled to use all possible means to save the African victims of the slave trade. As European imperialism rose, abolitionism legitimized interventionism. This article explores how a major humanitarian movement could sanction colonial occupation and the violence that accompanied it. It also examines the position of African slaveholders who resisted the entrenchment of European rule and defended an order in which slavery was common. It focuses on two main actors: French Captain Leopold Joubert, Catholic royalist and former pontifical Zouave who supported Cardinal Lavigerie's Missionaries of Africa and Belgian King Leopold II's allegedly abolitionist endeavours; and Tippu Tip, a trader and slaver who, like Joubert, worked for self-styled abolitionists such as Leopold II and the Sultan of Zanzibar. The connected microhistories of these men show how the international problematization of African slavery fuelled both European imperialism and anti-colonial resistance, while also creating circumstances in which enslaved persons emancipated themselves. The article investigates the moral perceptions of individuals whose sense of self was predicated upon values embodied by Europe's monarchies, the papacy of Rome, and the sultanate of Zanzibar. Faced with what they perceived as existential threats to these institutions, they responded with rising radicalism.