Mail Questionnaire Research Articles

Theoretically-informed vs standard cover letter to improve participant response to mailed questionnaire: results of an embedded randomised retention trial

BackgroundParticipant non-response is a source of bias in all research, especially in randomised controlled trials. Participants followed up remotely can have high non-response rates. Four such trials have been conducted of a cover letter with content informed by behaviour change theory to overcome hypothesised barriers to responding to a mailed questionnaire. Pooled results to date have suggested further research to be worthwhile. We conducted an embedded randomised study within a trial of such cover letters in the hope that we would improve response rates to our postal quality of life questionnaires.MethodsOne hundred forty-eight participants in the CODIFI2 diabetic foot ulcer sampling trial were randomised 1:1 to receive one of two different cover letters at follow-up timepoints: either a standard cover letter accompanying their postal follow-up questionnaires or to an ‘enhanced’ (theory-informed) cover letter. Questionnaires were mailed at 39, 52 and (for some participants) 104 weeks post randomisation. Outcome measures were response to mailing at each timepoint. Analysis was restricted to those for whom a questionnaire and letter was issued. Owing to limited recruitment, a reduced analysis plan, comprising solely observed response rates and 95% confidence intervals for difference in response rates was followed. Post hoc, we added our week 52 results to an already-published meta-analysis.ResultsSixty-seven out of 74 enhanced cover letter group (Enhanced) and 67/74 standard cover letter group (Standard) participants who had not already died or withdrawn were sent their first mailing at 39 weeks. The 39-week response rates were 47/67 (70.1%) and 39/67 (58.2%) for Enhanced and Standard participants, respectively. At week 52, the response rates were 45/64 (70.3%) and 35/63 (55.6%) for Enhanced and Standard participants, respectively. At week 104, the response rates were 24/33 (72.7%) and 19/33 (57.6%) for the Enhanced and Standard participants, respectively. Adding our week 52 results to a published meta-analysis increased the pooled estimate of differences in response rates to 0.04 (− 0.01 to 0.09) favouring enhanced letters.ConclusionWhile this embedded randomised controlled trial observed greater response rates at all times among those randomised to the enhanced letter, the reduced sample size meant that these results are imprecise.Trial registrationISRCTN registry ISRCTN74929588. Registered on 5 March 2019.

Non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome defining malignancies in people living with haemophilia and human immunodeficiency virus after direct-acting antiviral era.

Non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining malignancies (NADMs) are the crucial cause of mortality in people living with haemophilia and human immunodeficiency virus (PLWHH). We aimed to analyse the types and characters of NADMs in PLWHH after approval of direct-acting antivirals (DAA), considering that most PLWHH are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). We conducted a nationwide questionnaire mail survey across 395 HIV core facilities in Japan between May 2022 and February 2023. Eight-year data from 64 respondent hospitals (n = 328 PLWHH; 2015-2022) were collected; 35 NADM cases were identified and analysed. Standardised cancer incidence ratios (SCIRs) were calculated. The median age of PLWHH with NADMs was 51 years (interquartile range: 47-62 years); the SCIR was 2.08 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.48-2.90) for all malignancies (including carcinoma in situ). Liver cancer accounted for most NADMs (43% [15/35]). The SCIRs of liver cancer (23.09 [95% CI: 13.92- 38.30]) and papillary thyroid cancer (9.38 [2.35-37.50]) significantly increased after adjusting for general Japanese male sex and age. Among PLWHH with liver cancers, 73% (11/15) achieved HCV-sustained virological response. Notably, for patients aged ≤ 50 years, 47% (7/15) were affected by liver cancers, and 27% (4/15) succumbed to NADMs. This study presents the largest survey of NADMs in PLWHH after DAA approval. Our findings emphasised the elevated risk of malignancies in PLWHH, underscoring the need for early cancer screening and preventive measures, particularly against liver cancers, even in younger PLWHH.

A Systematic Review Of Medication Knowledge In Older Adults

Abstract Background Medication knowledge, as defined by six aspects, is the person's awareness of their medication name, dose, purpose, adverse drug reaction (ADR), administration schedule and special instructions, is essential in the older patient's treatment journey. This review aimed to assess medication knowledge in older adults. Methods A systematic search of six electronic databases, grey literature and citation indexes included studies conducted in any setting or any country on those 65 or older, published over the last ten years, reporting primary data with full-text access, and assessing patients' six aspects of medication knowledge. Joanna Briggs Institute Critical appraisal tool was used to evaluate quality of studies. Results Of the 67871 articles searched, only 10 cross-sectional studies were included. Medication knowledge data was collected from pharmacies, community, general practices and outpatient clinics. Surveys used face-to-face interviews and electronic, written, and mail questionnaires. Five studies assessed knowledge on single medications. None assessed all six aspects of medication knowledge. One study assessed five aspects, while the rest assessed fewer aspects. The percentage of those who knew their medication names ranged from 41.9% to 97%, dose 19.4%, purpose 15% to 90%, administration schedule 65% to 92.6%, ADR 42% to 80% and special instructions 32.4% to 94.8%. Data lacked the source of medication knowledge or evidence of a patient-centred care approach. There were repeated calls for further education and research. Conclusion Research indicates that older adults have a mixed knowledge of their medications, with some areas well grasped and others lacking. Additionally, it appears that medication knowledge is not thoroughly evaluated initially. Despite ongoing advice to employ all six aspects of medication knowledge for assessment and education enhancement, no progress is seen in older adults' medication knowledge. Therefore, there's a need for better research that anticipates the application of these six aspects, concentrating on education for older adults or their caregivers through patient-centred methods.

Impact of marketing capabilities on competitive advantage: A case of thai sme durian exporters

Purposes of this study were to highlight the role of durian exporters’ marketing capabilities in achieving competitive advantage among Thai SMEs, and to describe the significance of a competitive advantage in achieving marketing goals by examining marketing capabilities. One hundred SME exporters were randomly selected from the list of firms listed on the Association of the Durian Exporters. Ninety-six questionnaires were included in this study. The PLS-SEM Program was used to analyze the collected data which was collected by using a mail questionnaire distributed to SME exporters. Results from data analysis were: 1) it indicated that all marketing capabilities, including product, price, distribution, and promotional capabilities, impacted competitive advantage; and 2) five competitive advantage forces were found to have statistically significant impacts. Moreover, the analysis confirmed that marketing capabilities and competitive advantages were related. Implications from this study were: 1) exporters find their endeavors to develop marketing strategies to achieve competitiveness in the global market; and 2) exporters could focus on distribution capabilities to survive and to expand their product to gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace. The limitation of this study was that this study did not involve quality assurance and variety of the durian, which would affect price capacity.

What does the general public know about palliative care? A population-based survey

ObjectivesThe need for public education on palliative care has been widely argued for. To develop effective educational strategies, a stronger evidence base is needed on what exactly is known and...

Physical and mental health predicts better adherence to exercise intervention in older women: A post-hoc analysis

BackgroundAdherence to exercise is crucial for promoting health and maintaining functioning. AimsTo investigate predictors of adherence to exercise in the initially free supervised fall prevention RCT and its low-cost, self-sustained continuation among elderly women. MethodsIn the 2-year Kuopio Fall Prevention Study RCT, 457 women (aged 71–84) were offered a free initial 6-month supervised weekly training program (gym, Tai Chi) in the municipal facilities. Women's adherence during this period was categorized into high (≥80 %) and low (<80 %). In the next six months, their free access to the premises continued without supervision. For the second year, low-cost access was offered with unsupervised independent training in these facilities. The second-year adherence was based on purchasing(yes/no) a gym card to continue exercising. Information on baseline health, functioning, and lifestyle was obtained by mailed questionnaires and physical tests. ResultsFor the first six months, over 60 % of the women had high adherence. Only 26 % continued into the second year. For both follow-up years, active training history was related to better adherence. Initial predictors were related to mental health i.e. having less often fear of falls limiting one's mobility, ability to cope with external, not internal hostility, and being in a loving relationship. In the second year, predictors were related to younger age, having less frequent fear of falls, better functional capacity i.e. better strengths (grip and leg extension) and faster Timed “Up and Go” -test. ConclusionBetter mental and physical health, better functional capacity and active training background were associated with higher adherence to exercise intervention in older women.

Supplementing a Paper Questionnaire with Web and Two-way Short Message Service (SMS) Surveys

Abstract When deciding which modes to offer, researchers consider cost, known respondent contact information, and potential mode effects. For a short survey on employment, we evaluate the effect of adding one of two new electronic data collection modes to a mailed questionnaire. We sent a survey to principals who previously responded to the National Center for Education Statistics’ (NCES) National Teacher and Principal Survey (NTPS) asking about their current job status. This questionnaire, known as the Principal Follow-up Survey (PFS), has typically been administered as a short paper form that is mailed to NTPS respondents. In 2022, the PFS introduced two new modes of completion, and principals were randomly assigned to receive: (i) a paper form only; (ii) a paper form, as well as emails with a direct link to complete a web survey; or (iii) a paper form, as well as invitations by text message to complete an automated two-way short message service text survey by responding to texted “yes/no” questions. This article compares overall response rates and time-to-response by mode to determine respondent preferences for completing short surveys. Adding either electronic mode significantly increased response rates and decreased the number of days in which completed surveys were received, compared to offering only a paper questionnaire. Although email and text messages are both forms of electronic communication that may be accessible on a smartphone, the added text message survey resulted in higher response rates than the added web survey. This suggests that respondents interact differently with emails and text messages they receive and that offering an option to complete a survey by text message can increase the speed and efficiency of data collection for short surveys.

Impact of age and gender differences in the prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity in the Thai Cohort Study.

The study aims to identify the common patterns of multimorbidity and their distribution by age and gender. This cross-sectional study collected self-reported data from 42 785 Thai Cohort Study members through mailed questionnaires. Employing prevalence-based analysis, it identified common multimorbidity (coexistence of two or more chronic conditions) patterns, analysing the three most common patterns stratified by age and sex. P for trend (p-trend) was used to test the linear trend for associations between age and prevalence of these chronic conditions in the multimorbidity patterns. Chronic conditions with the highest prevalence were related to metabolic syndromes: obesity (28.5%), hyperlipidaemia (13.2%) and hypertension (7.2%). A positive linear age-multimorbidity association was observed (p-trend = 0.0111). The 60+ participants averaged 1.20 diseases, with 33.7% multimorbidity prevalence. Hyperlipidaemia + obesity was most prevalent in the under-40 multimorbid group (38.7%). Men exhibited a higher prevalence of multimorbidity and associated patterns involving hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and obesity than women. Metabolic syndrome components were the prominent factors driving multimorbidity. Significant age and gender differences were also revealed in multimorbidity prevalence. People aged 60+ faced high risk of multimorbidity, while younger individuals tended towards the multimorbidity pattern of obesity and hyperlipidaemia. Men were more susceptible to multimorbidity patterns associated with metabolic syndromes. Future studies for metabolic-related multimorbidity should consider these differences, addressing age and gender issues.

Turnover Factors for Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists

Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of evidence related to occupational turnover factors for certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNA) in the United States. Introduction: Demand for anesthesia services is increasing dramatically. CRNAs provide a significant number of anesthetics each year and are crucial to accessible anesthesia in the U.S. Understanding occupational turnover factors for CRNAs is vital to providing cost effective, reliable anesthesia services for Americans. Inclusion criteria: Studies relevant to CRNA turnover in the U.S. were included for this review. Due to differences in education, scope of practice, and practice environment, studies involving nurse anesthetists outside the U.S. were excluded. Studies with mixed provider populations including physicians, registered nurses, other advanced practice providers, and students were also excluded. Methods: MEDLINE Complete, Embase, and Google Scholar were sources searched for relevant literature. Studies were only limited to those published in English. No publication date limitations were used. Titles and abstracts were reviewed, with potential papers retrieved for independent review by the authors. Data extraction was conducted independently by the authors using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) data extraction instrument template. Themes identified after data extraction are described in narrative format. Results: After review of the literature, five studies were included for data extraction. All the studies employed electronic or mailed questionnaires. Common factors associated with occupational turnover were compensation, retirement, job satisfaction, and burnout. Conclusions: Findings suggest that occupational turnover factors are multifactorial and include broad concepts such as job satisfaction, burnout, and organizational climate.

Identifying definite patterns of unmet needs in patients with multiple sclerosis using unsupervised machine learning

IntroductionPeople with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) exhibit a spectrum of needs that extend beyond solely disease-related determinants. Investigating unmet needs from the patient perspective may address daily difficulties and optimize care. Our aim was to identify patterns of unmet needs among PwMS and their determinants.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional multicentre study. Data were collected through an anonymous, self-administered online form. To cluster PwMS according to their main unmet needs, we performed agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to visualize cluster distribution. Pairwise comparisons were used to evaluate demographics and clinical distribution among clusters.ResultsOut of 1764 mailed questionnaires, we received 690 responses. Access to primary care was the main contributor to the overall unmet need burden. Four patterns were identified: cluster C1, ‘information-seekers with few unmet needs’; cluster C2, ‘high unmet needs’; cluster C3, ‘socially and assistance-dependent’; cluster C4, ‘self-sufficient with few unmet needs’. PCA identified two main components in determining the patterns: the ‘public sphere’ (access to information and care) and the ‘private sphere’ (need for assistance and social life). Older age, lower education, longer disease duration and higher disability characterized clusters with more unmet needs in the private sphere. However, demographic and clinical factors failed in explaining the four identified patterns.ConclusionOur study identified four unmet need patterns among PwMS, emphasizing the importance of personalized care. While clinical and demographic factors provide some insight, additional variables warrant further investigation to fully understand unmet needs in PwMS.

Investor's Preference and Awareness in Financial Instruments in Nepal

The research aimed to examine the Nepalese investors' awareness and preference for investment in different sectors of investment An analytical approach has been followed to analyze the related data and relationship among variables. This study mainly based on primary data. Information was collected through questionnaire. Mail questionnaire method of collection data are employed to collect primary data. Only 60 filled up questionnaires has been systematically analyzed.&#x0D; It is imperative to conclude that investors seem to be less concern over social status and to be concern over sufficient return and less risk so far as the matter of investing in securities is concerned. Earnings per share (EPS), rate of return, dividend per share (DPS) and management of company are the consideration factor those can be regarded as the most important factor determining their choice of security. Dividend, capital gain, bonus share and liquidity are the major motivating factors for investors to invest in securities, whereas right share and voting rights is only important factors. The debt and preferred stock in Nepalese securities market have no provision of handsome return that compensates the perceived risk of investors. So, investors are less inclined toward these securities. The reason that these securities are illiquid and less marketable, investors tends to have negative attitude towards these securities. Most of the investors set the investment policy while investing in securities.

Perceived Interpersonal Racism in Relation to Incident Coronary Heart Disease Among Black Women.

Racism is highly prevalent in the United States. Few data exist about whether perceived interpersonal racism is associated with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). We followed 48 305 participants in the Black Women's Health Study through biennial mailed and Internet-based health questionnaires from 1997, when they provided information on perceived interpersonal racism and were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer, until the end of 2019. We averaged participant responses to 5 validated questions about perceived interpersonal racism in everyday activities, such as "people act as if they think you are dishonest." We summed the positive responses to 3 questions about perceived racism in interactions that involved jobs, housing, and police; scores ranged from 0 (no to all) to 3 (yes to all). CHD cases were defined as nonfatal myocardial infarctions confirmed through medical records, fatal cases identified through the National Death Index, and self-reported revascularization events. We used Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for major confounders to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). During 22 years of follow-up, we identified 1947 incident CHD cases. For women who reported experiences of racism in employment, housing, or involving the police relative to women who reported no such experiences, the age-adjusted HR for CHD was 1.35 (95% CI, 1.13-1.61; Ptrend=0.006), and the multivariable HR for CHD was 1.26 (95% CI, 1.05-1.51; Ptrend=0.05). For women in the highest quartile of perceived interpersonal racism in daily life relative to women in the lowest quartile, the age-adjusted HR for CHD was 1.25 (95% CI, 1.07-1.46; Ptrend=0.006). After multivariable adjustment, the HR was attenuated and no longer statistically significant. Perceived experiences of interpersonal racism in employment, in housing, and with the police were associated with higher incidence of CHD among Black women, whereas perceived racism in everyday life was not associated with higher risk.

Current management status and spatial utilization characteristics of day‐service‐centers that can provide Chinese language service in Japan

AbstractThis study seeks to clarify nationwide management status and spatial utilization characteristics of day‐service‐centers that can provide Chinese language service in Japan. A comprehensive survey was conducted through mail questionnaires targeting the 115 day‐service‐centers that can provide Chinese language service in Japan, with the objective of explicating their current operational and utilization situations. Additionally, field behavioral observation surveys were carried out in 2 day‐service‐centers, 1 is for Chinese people in Japan or Japanese people from China and the other is for Japanese people. The purpose was to identify the behavioral difference between Chinese users and Japanese users and identify the spatial utilization characteristics in 2 day‐service‐centers.

Identifying Sustainable Biomedical Solid Waste Management Practices in the Context of Limited Resources in Selected Healthcare Facilities in Douala Cameroon

Aims: To Identify sustainable Biomedical solid waste management practices in the context of limited resources in selected HCFs in Douala, Cameroon.&#x0D; Study Design: A cross-sectional survey with quantitative and qualitative study design was adopted for data collection from workers in the HCFs and also identifying the process of waste management.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the some selected HCFs in the Douala region of Cameroon between January 2023 to June 2023.&#x0D; Methodology: Study respondents were working in different sections of the HCFs and comprised of the following categories: doctors, laboratory scientists, cleaners, nurses and administrative/clerical workers. Field visitations and interactions with HCFs officials took place during the random sampling technique which was used in determining the sample size of 200 workers, Out of the sample size of 200 who were given questionnaires in order to provide data for the study, 150 valid mail questionnaires were retrieved and used for analysis. Every questionnaire was verified by validity. There’s also questions related funds, facilities availability, training and personal protective equipment. All of the data were coded and analyzed. The results were calculated based on sums and percentages of variables with SPSS vers.26 software and chi-square analysis with the level significance of p-value less than 0.05 was analyze&#x0D; Results: This finding could also indicate that imbibing sustainable biomedical wastes management practices increases with higher experience in the hospital. Furthermore, communal bin disposal of biomedical wastes was the only statistically significant category under disposal method, indicating that waste disposal may be lacking in terms of sustainable practices. [30] also identified biomedical wastes disposal in open dumps among health workers in Saudi Arabia, attributable to poor sustainable waste training and lack of regulatory frameworks. I PCA results indicate that there are two dimensions of prevalent biomedical wastes in the hospital studied, as explicated by the two components retained&#x0D; Conclusion: The limited resources and government policies and local councils influences sustainable waste management practices and this paper aimed at identifying some of the solutions towards improving Sustainable waste management policies. The practice of biomedical waste management in the study area was low. Level of education, taking training on biomedical waste management, availability of color-coded three bins, and attitude of health care workers were significantly associated with biomedical waste management practices. Hence, in-service training is recommended to improve biomedical waste management practices.

UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE USE OF TRANSPORTATION SERVICES BY OREGON ASSISTED LIVING RESIDENTS

Abstract COVID-19 has affected many aspects of daily life, including transportation. This study aims to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of transportation services by residents of assisted living communities in Oregon. Primary data about transportation service availability and use were collected from 721 AL communities using mailed questionnaires, before (winter of 2020) and during the pandemic (winter of 2022). To identify the impact of the pandemic on transportation use, we estimated a series of logistic regression models for trip purposes: medical appointments and social activities. Results show that the pandemic profoundly impacted transportation services, especially provided transportation services for access to social activities decreased from 77% to 68%, whereas access to medical appointments had not changed. The use of virtual visits allowed residents to remain connected with their loved ones while minimizing the risk of exposure to the virus. The findings of this study can help policymakers and transportation providers understand the impact of the pandemic on the mobility of individuals in community-based care settings. The results can also inform the development of strategies to improve transportation services and ensure the mobility of residents after the pandemic. Ultimately, the study can contribute to enhancing the overall quality of life for individuals in community-based care settings in Oregon.

INFLUENCE OF NEGATIVE ATTITUDES TOWARD VOLUNTEER ACTIVITIES ON MENTAL HEALTH STATUS: THE REPRINTS STUDY

Abstract Although social engagement activities can help older adults maintain mental health status, whether negative attitudes toward volunteering influence poor mental health status due to psychological burdens has not been clarified. This study examined negative influence of intergenerational picture-book reading program “REPRINTS” on older volunteers’ attitudes to volunteering activities to clarify its impact on their mental health status. A questionnaire mail survey was conducted for 481 volunteers, ≥55 years, in 12 municipalities across Japan in 2020. Of the 423 respondents (87.9%), 266 responded to the follow-up survey, conducted from November 2021 to February 2022. Mental health status was assessed by WHO-5J; a score of less than 13 was regarded as poor mental health status. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed on the responses of 220 women, aged 65–84 years, with WHO-5J (good ≥13 points; poor &amp;lt; 13 points) at follow-up as the dependent variable. Participants were asked about their positive and negative attitudes toward volunteer activities using a four-point scale (disagree to agree), and the scores were operationally summed up after converting them into a negative attitude score. Subjective health (healthy/unhealthy), age, WHO-5J score, and continuous years of activity at baseline were entered as adjustment variables. Sixty-four (29.1%) participants had a WHO-5J score of &amp;lt; 13 at baseline. Logistic regression analysis with WHO-5J as the dependent variable showed that the adjusted odds ratio for negative awareness scores was 1.06 (95% CI: 1.00-1.12). In conclusion, negative attitudes toward volunteer activities were suggested to have a significant influence on mental health status.

The mediating role of Organizational identification and Employee organizational commitment on the association between Employee empowerment and management innovation

ABSTRACT This study examines the role of Employee empowerment as a driver of management innovation and the mediating role of two employee behavioural factors, Organizational identification and Employee organizational commitment, on the association between Employee empowerment and management innovation. Data were collected from 156 middle-level managers in Australian organizations using mail and online survey questionnaires and analysed using structural equation modelling. The results show a direct positive association between Employee empowerment with both dimensions of management innovation (practices and techniques). Further, Organizational identification was found to mediate the association between Employee empowerment and management innovation techniques and Employee organizational commitment was found to exhibit a direct association with management innovation. The findings provide organizations with an insight into the critical role of Employee empowerment, Organizational identification and Employee organizational commitment in influencing the extent of use of management innovation.

Patient-reported side effects and satisfaction of pre-hospital analgesia with low-dose esketamine: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundAnalgesia is a core intervention in emergency medicine. Pain is subjective, so patient-reported experience with pain and analgesia is essential for healthcare professionals.The aim of this study was to evaluate patient-reported side effects and satisfaction associated with pre-hospital analgesia with low-dose esketamine.MethodsThis is an observational cross-sectional study conducted as part of quality assurance measures of the German Red Cross Emergency Medical Service, Reutlingen, Germany.The survey was administered to all patients who received prehospital esketamine analgesia from paramedics. Addresses were obtained from medical records and mailed 10 days after the event. Patient feedback was anonymous and could not be linked to operational documentation.ResultsA total of 201 patients were contacted, and 119 responses were received via the online questionnaire and postal mail (response rate 59%). The mean age of the patients was 68±13 years, with 64.7% (n=77) being female. The main diagnosis reported was fractures of the extremities in 69.7%. Patients reported initial median pain intensity on a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) of 10 [8-10]. Pain was unbearable for 96.3% of patients. After administration of analgesia, 95.3% were satisfied or very satisfied. Patients reported no side effects in 78.5%, minor side effects in 10.0%, significant but well tolerable side effects in 11.3%, borderline tolerable side effects in 0.2%, and no unbearable side effects. Borderline tolerable nausea was reported in 2% of patients along with dreams in 0.8%. No nightmares were reported. Further analysis showed that patients older than 80 years reported significantly more side effects (p < 0.001) and were thus less satisfied with the analgesia.ConclusionsBoth patient perception and analgesia with few side effects were important for both safety and satisfaction. In the present study, low-dose esketamine analgesia was associated with low side effects and high patient satisfaction.

Relationship between nurses' perceptions of the benefits/challenges of nursing and degree of interprofessional and intraprofessional collaboration in all-inclusive services combining day services, overnight stays and home-visit nursing for the older people living at home.

Many countries are experiencing rapid population aging, and the provision of support for older adults with diseases or disabilities to continue living in their communities is a major global challenge. Japan has established multifunctional long-term care in small group homes and home-visit nursing (MLSH) as a service category that integrates medical and care services. These services focus on nursing functions to support continuous, long-term home, and end-of-life care for older adults with high levels of medical care dependency. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between nurses' perceptions of nursing benefits/challenges and the degree of interprofessional collaboration in the context of MLSH. We conducted a mail questionnaire survey of MLSH facilities throughout Japan. All facilities in Japan that had been operating for at least 1 year were included. We analyzed 182 responses (response rate: 36.0%; valid response rate: 98.3%). Comparison of scores representing the degree of interprofessional collaboration perceived by nurses showed the highest score was for colleague nurses (3.9 ± 0.5) and the lowest was for external care managers (2.5 ± 0.9). Compared with the weak collaboration group, the strong collaboration group had higher perceptions of the benefits of nursing and lower perceptions of the challenges. The results of this study suggest that strong collaboration allows teams to achieve sufficient effects of care while reducing related challenges. It may be necessary to promote collaboration with external professionals to appropriately manage service users' worsened conditions and improve the quality of care.

Organizational Commitment and Employees Turnover Intention in Saudi Public Sector: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction and Work Environemnt

Purpose: Organisational commitment is critical to an organization's success and growth. It leads to increased job satisfaction, lower turnover, improved performance, a more positive organisational culture, and increased customer satisfaction. This research tries to highlight the relationship between organizational commitment and turnover intention taking into account the mediation role of job satisfaction and work environment. Theoretical framework: Organizational commitment is very crucial in today working environment. Employees are more likely to be inspired and dedicated to their work when they feel committed to their organisation.(Freudenberger, 1974) .This results in increased productivity and performance. Furthermore, organizational commitment is important in employee retention. Employees that are committed to their company are less inclined to depart for other chances(Mathieu, Fabi, Lacoursiere, &amp; Raymond, 2016). This lowers turnover rates and the costs associated with hiring and training new personnel. Methodology: This is a quantitative study that employed a structured questionnaire design. This study's sample consists of 193 public officers from the Saudi public sector in the western region who were chosen at randomly. Raw data gathered via mail questionnaires. The data collected was analyzed by SmartPLS 3 to test the study's hypotheses. Findings: Finding of this study indicates that organizational commitment has a substantial and statistically significant influence on Job Satisfaction (β = 0.601, t = 8.580, p = .001), and turnover intention (β = -0.363, t = 4.737, p = .001). In addition, the work environment and job satisfaction show mediation role in the relationship between organizational commitment and turnover intention. Research, Practical &amp; Social implications: Managers at the public organizations need to apply different strategies to enhance the overall job satisfaction like giving employees a voice and involving them in problem-solving. This make them feel valued and motivated. Such practice can lead to create a conducive working environment where few people decide to quit. Employees that are committed to their organisation are more inclined to put in extra effort and go the extra mile. It is highly recommended to adopt high-performance working environment. This requires an updated human resource management techniques and practices. Originality/Value: The findings of this study indicates that ORC has a substantial and statistically significant influence on Job Satisfaction, working environment, and turnover intention. This study also finds the work environment and job satisfaction are significantly mediated the relationship between organizational commitment and turnover intention. This contributes to the current literature especially in the public organizations studies.