Maiden Name Research Articles

Does Maternal Birth Outcome Differentially Influence the Occurrence of Infant Death Among African Americans and European Americans?

The United States continues to have one of the highest infant mortality rates (IMR). Although studies have examined the association between maternal and infant birth outcomes, few studies have examined the impact of maternal birth outcome on infant mortality. This study was designed to examine the influence of maternal low birth weight and preterm birth on infant mortality. The 1997-2007 Virginia birth and infant death registry was analyzed. The infant birth and death data was linked to maternal birth registry data using the mother's maiden name and date of birth. From the mother's birth registry data, the grandmother's demographic and pregnancy history was obtained. Logistic regression modeling was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. There was a statistically significant association between maternal birth outcome and subsequent infant mortality. Infants born from a mother who was low birth weight were 2.3 times more likely to have an infant die within the first year of life. Similarly, infants born from a mother born preterm were 2.2times more likely to have an infant die. Stratification by race showed that there was no statistical association between maternal birth weight and infant death among Whites. However, a strong association was observed among Blacks. Maternal birth outcomes may be an important indicator for infant mortality. Future longitudinal studies are needed to understand the underlying cause of these associations.

In Memoriam

Leena Peltonen-Palotie 1952–2010 Professor Leena Peltonen-Palotie, a leading human geneticist and former editor of HEREDITAS, died 11 March 2010 in Helsinki of osteosarcoma. She used her maiden name Peltonen in international contexts while she was known as Leena Palotie in Finland. Leena Peltonen studied medicine and genetics at the University of Oulu. After having obtained her PhD in Oulu in 1978 she worked as a postdoctoral fellow at the Dept of Biochemistry of Rutgers University in New Jersey. From 1981 to 1984 she held research positions at the Dept of Cell Biology in Oulu. After that she was a professor both at the National Public Health Institute of Finland and the University of Helsinki. In addition, from 1995 through 1998 she was Chair and Professor at the Dept of Human Genetics at UCLA, Los Angeles, and later Visiting professor at the Broad Institute, MIT, Boston as well as Head of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute near Cambridge. Dr. Peltonen and her colleagues specialized in locating and sequencing genes responsible or associated with human diseases. In grand total they isolated and characterized 15 loci for arterial hypertension, multiple sclerosis, arthrosis, lactose intolerance, schizophrenia, Marfan syndrome and several diseases such as aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU) of the Finnish Disease Heritage. Finland, northern Sweden and parts of Norway each have a characteristic set of inherited diseases that are rare in other parts of the world while otherwise common diseases may be extremely rare. Such an uneven distribution is attributable to founder effects, Wahlund effect, and in the case of Finland, at least one prehistoric bottleneck. The church records of the Kingdom of Sweden are a unique resource that helps locating the ancestry of a proband in Finland and Sweden back in time to the years 1600 and 1640. Leena Peltonen published about 500 research papers, some 80 review articles and supervised 80 doctoral theses. She was awarded both national and international recognition. Her merits include the membership of the Finnish Academy of Sciences, she was an Academician of the Academy of Finland, President of the European Society of Human Genetics, President of HUGO, Honorary Doctor of the University of Uppsala and recipient of Stora Fernströmpriset of the Eric K. Fernström Foundation. The Finnish Postal Service issued a stamp in her honor. It came out three days before her death. HEREDITAS remembers Leena Peltonen as an editor who was always helpful and responded to any inquiries immediately.

Perinatal Profiles: Dr Colette Dreyfus-Brisac: Development of Brain Electrocortical Activity

The new Port Royal Hospital Maternity was built in the 1960s to replace the old 17th century Paris Maternity. Under the direction of Alexandre Minkowski, (1) it became one of the most important integrated European perinatal research centers of its time, attracting prolonged visits from world-famous foreign physicians. Studies were conducted there on the normal and pathologic developing neonatal brain. A team of neurophysiologists, directed by Dr Colette Dreyfus (1916–2006), (2) worked in close contact with neonatologists and pediatric neurologists. Her first publication in 1947 with Dr Fischgold, her mentor, was signed Brisac, her maiden name. (3) By 1950, she had published a second paper under the name Dreyfus-Brisac. (4) Dr Jean-Claude Dreyfus, a renowned biochemist, was her husband. To her coworkers, she was Madame Dreyfus. The laboratory in which they worked, located on the fifth floor of the maternity, was superbly equipped. From there, already in 1965, the neurophysiologists could observe with closed circuit television the behavior of any sick infant undergoing electroencephalography (EEG). Healthy babies were studied either at the mother's bedside or in the laboratory, if follow-up was required. Dr Dreyfus worked quietly and came down every morning from her fifth floor laboratory to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). After passing through the extraordinary infection control measures at the entrance and covered from head to foot with white hat, mask, gown, and white boots, she discussed the patient's history with the NICU staff to determine the best candidates for an EEG study. She stood at the side of the incubator, with the discussion taking place above the Plexiglas® hood. The preterm baby was undisturbed by our whispered conversation. Her very soft voice, combined with an acute observation of the patient and merry look, easily convinced the young residents to propose infants for study. She was the …

La SEP en Haute-Garonne : une sous-estimation importante du nombre de cas

Introduction In France, the prevalence of multiple sclerosis is estimated between 65 and 125 patients per 100,000 inhabitants with a South-West towards North-East gradient. Nevertheless, the epidemiology of multiple sclerosis remains still imperfectly known, the recent studies being realized, either in a region of France, or from a single data source and thus suscepted not to be exhaustive. Objective Assessing the prevalence of the multiple sclerosis in 2005 in Haute-Garonne by matching several data sources completed by a capture–recapture method; estimating the exhaustivity of each of the sources. Methods The data sources were hospital data (DRG for the hospitalization, data of consultation), data of public health insurance system (main health insurance, agricultural health insurance, social welfare for self employed), and data from the MIPSEP network. The linkage was based on name, maiden name, first name, date of birth and sex and allowed a first estimation of the number of cases. Models of loglinear regression allowed estimating the total number of case and the sensitivity of each source. Results The total number of cases obtained by matching several sources of information amounted to 1549. The use of several data sources increased by 25.6 % the maximum number of patients identified with a single source of information (national health insurance, any insurance). According to the model used, the method of capture–recapture estimated the number of cases up to 1722. Therefore, this study estimated a prevalence of multiple sclerosis between 110 and 149 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in Haute-Garonne. Conclusion The prevalence of the multiple sclerosis is largely underestimated in Haute-Garonne and questions the magnitude over the so-called gradient. Matching several sources of information is indispensable to improve collection of the total number of cases.

A Tribute to Danny L. Miller

A Tribute to Danny L. Miller Sharon Hatfield (bio) Appalachian Literature lost a dear friend and advocate on November 9 with the passing of Danny Miller, chair of the English Department at Northern Kentucky University. The enormous respect and esteem in which he was held by his colleagues and students was evident at the memorial service held on campus November 15. Against a photographic backdrop of Danny in his prime as an academic and as a toddler in his rural Appalachian home, mourners paid tribute to their fallen friend through performances of original poetry, modern dance, a bluegrass hymn, a Rachmaninoff concerto, and his favorite song from Phantom of the Opera. The event seemed to reflect perfectly the many facets of Danny’s catholic nature, from his deep attachment to home, kinfolk, and friends back in Ashe County, North Carolina, to his love for the fine arts and the urban life of Cincinnati, where he had made his home for many years. My own connection with Danny was both personal and professional. It all began several years ago at an Appalachian Studies Conference in Helen, Georgia, where I was introduced to him over dinner. He immediately asked me where I was from and what my mother’s maiden name was. By the end of the meal, using his vast genealogical knowledge of Appalachian families and a napkin as his notepad, he had established that we were indeed distant cousins. It was a scene I was to see repeated many times over the next several years, as Danny would delve into the family tree of a perfect stranger with abandon. He was particularly enthusiastic to meet those with associations to his undergraduate Alma Mater, Berea College, and to the University of Cincinnati, where he received his doctorate. The point is, Danny was inclusive. He felt a sense of connection to many people throughout the mountains, and even if you were not his blood kin, he would surely claim you as a kindred spirit. A few years later I gained an appreciation of Danny’s scholarship while serving with him and Gurney Norman as a coeditor of An American Vein, a collection of critical essays on Appalachian literature. [End Page 6] Danny’s book about female characters in Appalachian fiction, Wingless Flights, had been published in 1996, and by 2000 he had helped set into motion this significant venture—creating a foundational volume that would tie together all the critical work that had been done over the decades of the Appalachian literary renaissance. His knowledge of Appalachian writing was encyclopedic, and beneath his sunny exterior burned the conviction that literature was not just something for academics or librarians to peruse, but a tool by which activists could, in his words, “offer resistance.” Over the four years we worked on the book, meeting in both Ohio and Kentucky, I came to realize that Danny, through his keen intellect and unpretentious style, had fashioned a charmed circle of friends and colleagues that was constantly widening. Always juggling several projects in addition to his job, Danny was never too busy to take your hand, pull you aside, and demand to hear your news. At the time of his death from a stroke at age 59, Danny had nearly completed his tenure as chair of his department, having overseen the creation of a master’s degree program in English and an enormous growth in the number of faculty. He was looking forward to stepping down to a quieter life within the academy. There were things he had left to do, and we as the Appalachian community are the poorer for his absence. But in thinking of all he did accomplish in six short decades, I am reminded of a passage from Jesse Stuart that was quoted at Danny’s memorial: “And I am firm in my belief that a teacher lives on and on through his students. I will live if my teaching is inspirational, good, and stands firm for good values and character training. Tell me how can good teaching ever die? Good teaching is forever and the teacher is immortal.” Having heard the notes of praise and laughter rising to the ceiling of the...

Inmost

Inmost Jessica Fisher (bio) And then we were in the privacy of intimacy: from the Latin, inmost. With the birth of the inmost. Where we lay. Or sat, hunched in the croup tent, the kettle boiling. Hearsay, though inadmissable in the United States. Because memory is a latecomer; and because it dismembers, misremembers. Though never "cow-heavy and floral." Nor "red and purple flowers on a black ground." An embroidered blouse, a bad perm. Or, sometime before, a photograph shows her squinting in the patch of sun, the shadow-wedge falling behind her, and then the shadows of trees. She can't, it seems, quite tell where to put her hands; her wrists crook in toward phantom pockets. A girlish figure. In the shadow, she seems handled. Someone could tell the time of day from its length. The year from the girls there, standing between her and the photographer. Then "many bright colours; many distinct sounds." Poppies, pansies, snapdragons, strawberries. We sat in the patch, looking for red. A woman who eased herself into the pool. Who had a song for each element. Eventually, if the mother's maiden name has fallen out of use, it becomes the answer to the secret question. The daughter's name, a password that husband and wife share. If their intimacy fails, she becomes a kind of currency, is traded. Not for goods, but seasonally. The photographs of before are a kind of contraband. Seven years a tithe. With her gone, I dismembered the songs, tetra coo coo coo sang by the ailing dove. Or her voice shook itself free of its body, rode the wires. I became interested in transport. How to be in [End Page 291] the same place at the same time. We read together, apart. The page a Ganzfeld. And made a home of the mind. Because she was missing, I found her everywhere. Or "motherhood is the fantasy . . . of a lost territory." A mise en abîme. And the mother a mirror. Russian dolls in a Chinese box. And then the smallest doll opened. She was there to hear the first cry. "One does not give birth in pain, one gives birth to pain: the child represents it . . . Obviously you may close your eyes, cover up your ears, teach courses, run errands, tidy up the house, think about objects, subjects." But when the inmost moves out, the body hollows— an echo chamber. Ours is a scripted love. We stick to it. But wordless, the shshsh kept up long after the child's asleep. Whose lulling. [End Page 292] Jessica Fisher Jessica Fisher won the 2006 Yale Younger Poets Prize for her book Frail-Craft (Yale University Press, 2007) and is coeditor, with Robert Hass, of The Addison Street Anthology. She lives in Oakland with her husband and daughter and is a postdoctoral fellow in poetry at the University of California, Berkeley. Copyright © 2009 Jessica Fisher

The Bride is Keeping her Name: A 35-Year Retrospective Analysis of Trends and Correlates

We used data obtained from wedding announcements in the New York Times newspaper from 1971 through 2005 (N = 2,400) to test 9 hypotheses related to brides' decisions to change or retain their maiden names upon marriage. As predicted, a trend was found in brides keeping their surname, and correlates included the bride's occupation, education, age, and the type of ceremony (religious versus nonsectarian). Partial support was found for the following correlates: officiants representing different religions, brides with one or both parents deceased, and brides whose parents had divorced or separated. There was mixed support for the hypothesis that a photograph of the bride alone would signal a lower incidence of name keeping. Results indicated that 14 out of the 30 hypothesized directional planned comparisons were statistically significant after Bonferroni adjustment.

What the Hell is Penelope Doing in Winnie’s story?

When I read The Cry of Winnie Mandela for the first time, it was in manuscript form, without the dedication and front cover that link the story to Sarah Baartman. The first thing I noticed was that the title was without the ‘Madikizela,’ the maiden name that women often insert to signify a personal identity and life other than that of the ‘wife or spouse of.’ Since her divorce Winnie had used Madikizela-Mandela. By ignoring that, the writer was saying that this story was about the absence of that hyphenated space; about having had to live a life, to forge a life, within that famous, yet confined, name.

Changes in Gender Discrimination after Death: Evidence from a Cemetery

Information on tombstones from a large cemetery in New York State were analyzed for gender discrimination. Criteria for gender bias were indications of familial relationships, absence of surnames, and absence of maiden names combined with surname for married women. Overall, females were far more likely to be identified in terms of familial relationships and were far less likely to have their married surname included on their gravestone. However, when the data were divided into 50 year epochs, it was apparent that identification of women in terms of familial relationships had become far less common and indication of surnames had become more common over the last 150 years. There was also a slight trend for women to have both their maiden and surnames on their grave markers.

OBITUARY

Henry Richard Dowson – known to everyone as Harry – was born in Newcastle upon Tyne in England on 2 March 1939. His father Matthew Ridley Dowson came from near Penrith, Cumbria, England and was a park gardener who rose to be head gardener of Newcastle's hospitals. His mother Frances Walker Dowson (whose maiden name was McQuet, pronounced mac-yew-it) came from Bo'ness, near Linlithgow in Scotland and was trained as a lady's maid. They met when they were in the service of the same landowner.

Voices from Okinawa

Voices from Okinawa Jon Shirota (bio) Introduction Thousands of Okinawan immigrants arrived in Hawaii during the early 1900s. They came as contract laborers for the sugarcane plantations. Some of them returned home after fulfilling their contract. Most, however, chose to stay. Kamata and Uto Gusuda were among them. They hoped to return home wealthy someday. That day never came. The elusive rainbow, neither kind nor cruel, was indifferent to them. This is their legacy. Cast of Characters Takeshi Arakaki, aged nineteen. Okinawan man. Chauffeur. Yasunobu Hokama, aged twenty-five. Okinawan man. Barber. Kama Hutchins, aged twenty-seven. Okinawan-white American man. Harue Kaneshiro, aged twenty-five. Okinawan woman. Musician. Hitoshi Kaneshiro, aged twenty-five. Okinawan man. Musician, Harue's husband. Namiye Matsuda, aged nineteen. Okinawan woman. Obaa-san, aged ninety-six. Okinawan great-aunt of Kama Hutchins. Yuta (shaman). Keiko Oshiro, aged twenty-seven. Okinawan woman. Principal of Naha English School. Act One Scene One Stage is dark. Kama Hutchins steps Downstage Center, and spotlight focuses on him. He is in casual Levis, untucked shirt, and sandals. KAMA [Waving.] Hai sai! [Bowing low.] Irasshai! Welcome! Okinawan, Japanese, American. Me? I'm one-quarter Okinawan, three-quarters American. The Okinawan is from my great-grandpa, who migrated to Hawaii during the opening of the twentieth century. The American? My grandmother married an American, and her daughter, my mother, married an American. Then I came, Kama Hutchins. I'm an English teacher here in Naha, learning more from my students than they from me. Did you know that millions of [End Page 94] American military have come and gone through Okinawa since 1945, sixty years ago, leaving behind offspring with tall noses and round eyes? The influence of Americans is everywhere today: music, language, clothing… On Kokusai Dori, the Broadway of Naha, every other boy and girl is a blonde. Bottle blonde. Even the dogs and cats are blondes. YASUNOBU [Offstage.] Kama! Hey, Kama! KAMA Be right there, Yasunobu! [To audience.] The primary language of my students is, of course, Japanese. But they can all read, write, and speak English. How many of us can read, write, and speak Japanese? [Gesturing.] Mensooree. C'mon. Meet the future Okinawan ambassadors to America! Spotlight fades, and stage lights come on. Spring 2005, Monday evening. Small classroom. On the blackboard Upstage Left are the names of students enrolled in the class: Harue Kaneshiro, Hitoshi Kaneshiro, Namiye Matsuda, Takeshi Arakaki, and Yasunobu Hokama. Above the blackboard is a sign: Naha English School. Entrance is Upstage Right. Downstage Center is a desk with a telephone and a book. Kama is speaking to Yasunobu, who is in Okinawan kariyushi wear (Okinawan aloha shirt), khakis, and zoris. Two other students, dressed casually, have come in and are settled in their chairs. KAMA You're sure it's her, my great-aunt? YASUNOBU Gal in Ginoza office say she "Gusuda Nabe" before she marry. KAMA That was her maiden name! "Gusuda Nabe." YASUNOBU She ninety-six years old. KAMA Ninety-six?! Is she …? You know. Alert? YASUNOBU Still very young; not yet one hundred. KAMA I'd sure like to meet her. YASUNOBU We go up tomorrow. Gal in Ginoza office say Obaa-san speak English. KAMA She speaks English?! YASUNOBU GI English. One time, she work in GI kitchen. Y'know, maybe hard time for her believe you family. KAMA It's all here in this book. [Shows book on desk.] Sunrise; Sunset. By my grandma. The photos of all of us are in here. Me, my mom and dad, my grandma and grandpa, and my great-grandpa and great-grandma. [End Page 95] YASUNOBU I tink, maybe, first time she meet family with blue eyes and tall 'Merican nose. KAMA I may be only one-quarter Okinawan, but here [touches chest] one hundred percent. YASUNOBU How come? KAMA I'm one-quarter Okinawan? YASUNOBU Here one hundred percent [touches chest]. KAMA Well… I've always heard about Great-grandpa and Great-grandma. Their hard life in Okinawa and their long journey to Hawaii. I decided to write my thesis about them. What village did they come from? What made them leave their homeland? What happened to their families...

Musikpsychologie: An autobiographical historical perspective.

(TRANSLATED BY BRUNO H. REPP) ABSTRACT-As the historical birthplace of psychology, musicology, and music psychology, Germany has been an important center for the development of our field. In this article the author traces the development of all three disciplines in Germany and Austria from the 1940s to the present. She discusses the difficulties of being a woman in academia, especially during her early years as a student and faculty member, and includes fascinating personal experiences with important founding fathers of music psychology (such as Albert Wellek) and musicology (such as Carl Dahlhaus). She also describes the formation of the national journal, Jahrbuch Musikpsychologie, and the German Society for Music Psychology, as well as the publication of many monographs and articles. Her contributions to the establishment of the field of systematic musicology are also discussed, including the editing of the Handbuch der systematischen Musikwissenschaft [Handbook of Systematic Musicology] (2004-2007). The Handbuch includes an extensive volume on Musikpsychologie. Memory actively processes information by selecting, categorizing, and creating associations. An autobiographical document is therefore limited as a historical source; rather, it is a document of impression management behind which intimations of a self are hidden. It seems certain to me that I am a typical example of a German woman born in 1938. This type is usually quite flexible because the conditions of war during childhood caused frequent changes of domicile; such women are also able to adapt to unfamiliar situations and are at the same time - despite urban influences - somewhat provincial because they have grown up with few external contacts and have had little access to educational institutions. Typically, these women were educated by their mothers to be prepared for possible independence in a profession, but at the same time the traditional image of the homemaker was transmitted to them. This had the consequence that they were rather unemancipated as adults but nevertheless were able to assert themselves professionally, even though (in West Germany at least) the traditional sex role stereotypes had been increasingly re-established by that time: When I received the page proofs of first publication, in which I had not yet used appended maiden name (Haber), first name (Helga) was crossed out and replaced with that of husband (Diether). YEARS OF STUDY In 1957 I began to study psychology at the University of Mainz, a medium-sized town in southwestern Germany. The Professorial chair for psychology in Mainz had been occupied since 1946 by Albert Wellek (1904-1972). He was a representative of holistic psychology (Ganzheitspsychologie) of the Leipzig school, which shared with Gestalt theory of the Berlin school a focus on holistic organizational processes. The Leipzig school's emphasis was on experience and emotions. It attempted to explain the impression of a Gestalt as arising from an incremental construction during stimulus processing, the so-called Aktualgenese. One way in which this was investigated experimentally was through brief tachistoscopic presentations. The concept of Aktualgenese has disappeared; however, research on the interaction of data-driven bottom-up processes and knowledge-driven top-down processes is still important today. The founder of holistic psychology was Felix Krueger, the successor of Wilhelm Wundt. Wellek, who was born in Vienna and had studied composition, musicology, and psychology, became Krueger's assistant in 1933, perhaps because Krueger, who himself had conducted research on musical consonance, was interested in investigating the psychology of music further. Krueger was dismissed from his post in 1936 and died soon afterwards. In view of their brief collaboration it is remarkable that Wellek never mentioned Krueger's name without adding my revered teacher. Some of his colleagues ridiculed him because of this. …

"On Fire": The Great Hunger: Ireland 1845–1849

"On Fire":The Great Hunger: Ireland 1845–1849 Elizabeth Malcolm Cecil Woodham-Smith's background would not, on the face of it, suggest much interest in Ireland. Born in North Wales into a military family, her father had served for many years in the British army in India, while her mother's family had significant military connections extending back to Waterloo. She attended [End Page 143] St. Hilda's College, Oxford, but did not shine academically; and in 1928, following a series of office jobs, she married a successful London solicitor. Thereafter she led an upper middle-class life, raising her two children,while amusing herself writing what a friend later called "pot boilers."1 In the early 1950s, however, she published two well-received books about the Crimean War in quick succession: a biography of Florence Nightingale and an account of the famous charge of the Light Brigade during the battle of Balaclava in 1854.2 Yet, Woodham-Smith's maiden name was FitzGerald, and her father claimed descent from Lord Edward FitzGerald. Moreover, at Oxford, she had been sent down for a term after joining a street demonstration in support of Irish nationalism; and from the 1940s on, she and her husband visited County Mayo regularly in connection with research for her books. That she identified with the Irish, rather than the English, is obvious in her third book, The Great Hunger. Her view of Ireland was clearly informed by romantic nationalism,with strong echoes of W. B. Yeats and the Celtic Twilight movement, especially in her approach to race, class and culture.3 Early in The Great Hunger she informs readers that the centuries-long "hostility" between Ireland and England "had its roots first of all in race," but was "disastrously strengthened" in the sixteenth century by "religious enmity," resulting in a gulf that "could never be bridged."4 However, the Irish "peasantry"—despite being "one of the most destitute in Europe"—was noted for its hospitality and gaiety, and its love of music, dancing, and storytelling. Although forced into "dissimulation" and "evasion of the law" by persecution, the Irish nevertheless retained their "dignity" and their "easy good manners," which are still able "to charm the modern traveller." In Woodham-Smith's mind, these qualities essentially resulted from the fact that the "native aristocracy"—or, at least, the part of it that had not fled to Europe—had been "forced down by poverty and penal legislation to the economic level of the peasantry (GH 26). An "underground gentry," to use a more recent popular phrase employed by Kevin Whelan to describe eighteenth-century Ireland, lurked among the impoverished [End Page 144] peasantry, and it was the manners of this declassed "native aristocracy" that had shaped the Irish national character and culture. On the other hand,Woodham-Smith accuses the English of having driven the Irish "to the verge of extinction" (GH 15) during the seventeenth century; put down the 1798 Rebellion with"savagery"; and by the 1800 Act of Union performed, not a "marriage," but a "brutal rape" (GH 16).When she comes to the early nineteenth century, it is the milder word"ignorant" that she applies repeatedly to English attitudes to the Irish—though at times she goes so far as to label this ignorance "fatal." For her, the supreme cause of the repeated failures of early Famine relief measures was "the ignorance of the British government" (GH 82) about conditions in Ireland. Woodham-Smith introduces each important English politician and administrator to the reader with a telling thumbnail character sketch. Robert Peel, unlike most, is credited with "considerable experience of Ireland," but he "had no liking for the Irish character, no sympathy for Irish aspirations" (GH 42).His successor in 1846 as prime minister, Lord John Russell, was "arrogant,"with an "overweening sense of rank"—perhaps partly to compensate for the fact that he was "little more than a dwarf" (GH 103). She judges that Charles Trevelyan was "by far the ablest man concerned with Irish relief," but he was "proud" and "rigid" with a mind full of schemes for "improvement," while in public affairs he was "rash and uncompromising" (GH 58). Like Peel, Trevelyan...

Though Rare, Long-Term Care Autopsies Are Valuable

Though Rare, Long-Term Care Autopsies Are Valuable

The Return of György András M.: Writing Exceptional Stories of the Holocaust

The Return of György András M.:Writing Exceptional Stories of the Holocaust1 Tim Cole (bio) György András M. was on vacation in the small village of Csehimindszent in Western Hungary in the early summer of 1944. He had left his parents behind in Budapest and travelled to spend the summer with the village tobacconist. However, in the middle of May 1944, György András was taken, along with other "Jews"2 from the village, to the ghetto established in the nearby city of Vasvár.3 Finding out about this, his father János wrote to the town authorities requesting that his son be returned to his family home in Budapest. On May 23 1944, the chief constable (főszolgabíró) of Vasvár agreed to his request.4 Given the boy's age – he was eleven or twelve years old – a local lawyer was entrusted with accompanying György András on his journey out of the Vasvár ghetto and back to the capital. Reading through a microfilmed collection of documents from Vas County, György András' story jumped out at me. But there did not seem to be any other documents referring to him, apart from this single memorandum outlining the chief constable's decision. It was one of those moments, so familiar to historians, of chancing upon a fragment of someone's story. As Carolyn Steedman describes this experience, "You find nothing in the Archive but stories caught half way through: the middle of things; discontinuities."5 In the case of this particular story that I had come across in the middle, what I really wanted to know was how it ended. Did György András leave the Vasvár ghetto and take the train to Budapest, and if he did make it back to rejoin his family in Budapest, did he survive the Holocaust? It does seem that he left Vasvár in May 1944. There is no mention of his name on the Vasvár ghetto list, under the section listing the small number of "Jews" taken there from the village of Csehimindszent in 1944.6 The absence is significant. But more significant is the presence of György András' name on another list – a city-wide survey of "Jews" living in Budapest in 1946. In the list of surnames beginning with the letter M, is a György András M., born in Budapest in 1933 to Margit Magdolna Sz., and living in 1946 on Dohány Street.7 His father, the original letter writer, is not there.8 But it seems that his [End Page 29] mother is. There is a Mrs János M., whose maiden name was Margit Magdolna Sz., born in Budapest in 1907, and living in 1946 on Dohány Street along with her mother, György András' grandmother, the 66-year-old Lujza.9 It seems that György András left the Vasvár ghetto in late May 1944, and travelled back to Budapest where he survived the war, and was living in the capital with his mother and maternal grandmother in 1946. György András is a boy, like so many others, who enters and then rapidly disappears from the historical record.10 We never hear György András, like so many ordinary people in the past, tell his own story. But we do have fragments of his story, told by others. György András is one person like countless others, whose name and something of his circumstances appear in the historical record because of what Michel Foucault, describes as "an encounter with power." As Foucault argues: Without this collision, doubtless there would no longer be a single word to recall their fleeting passage. The power which lay in wait for these lives, which spied on them, which pursued them, which turned its attention, even if only for a moment, to their complaints and to their small tumults, which marked them by a blow of its claws, is also the power which instigated the few words which are left for us of those lives: whether because someone wished to address themselves to...

Museums, Anthropology and Imperial Exchange, by Amiria J. M. Henare

Museums, Anthropology and Imperial Exchange is a useful and important contribution to the historiography of museums in colonial and settler societies. The title is a good reflection of the general themes under consideration; what it does not specify, however, is the particular geographical setting of the investigation: museums of scotland and New Zealand and their mutual implication, especially as they revolve around the Native Maori people. The author, who now goes by her maiden name, Amiria salmond, is a curator at the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Cambridge, where she submitted an earlier version of this study as her doctoral dissertation. At first glance, the historical relationship between scotland and New Zealand seems obscure, why not england instead of scotland? There are several reasons. Perhaps primary is the author’s personal background as a New Zealander of scots ancestry. As Henare explains, a large proportion of New Zealand settlers were scots. More interesting are the frequent parallels between the Highland scots and Maori of New Zealand as colonized peoples. both cultures have been subjects of recent scholarly debates about the “invention of tradition.”1 As Henare points out,2 the irony is that from one perspective, in relation to the Native inhabitants of New Zealand, scotland was a colonial power, but from another, in relation to the english, it was itself a colony. And while the Maori are clearly the central ethnic group of concern here, they are not the exclusive subject; Henare spends a good bit of time on museum presentations of scottish and settler culture in both countries. Glossing her study as a “historical ethnography,”3 Henare merges the subjects and approaches of history and anthropology. Accordingly, the volume is structured chronologically, from the time of the first artifact collecting in New Zealand—by

A puszta családnév mint (cseh)szlovák pragmatikai kölcsönzés

This paper focuses on a single name-related consequence of the language contact situation of Hungarian in the Carpathian basin: the use of surnames on their own (i.e. without Christian names) as sociolinguistic variants of Hungarian female names in the Slovakian variety of Hungarian. To support the conclusions drawn from a corpus of spoken language, the author examines inscriptions of surnames in the cemeteries of two Hungarian settlements, Nagymegyer (Vel'ký Meder) and Alsószeli (Dolné Saliby), both in Slovakia, paying special attention to Standard Slovakian, local Hungarian and Standard Hungarian usage. The final conclusion of the paper is that the phenomenon of erasing Christian names from the maiden names of married women can be observed in all classes of society of the Hungarian minority living in Slovakia. The use of bare surnames occurs virtually in all speech situations, both for mentioning and for addressing females, in speech as well as in writing. The phenomenon is presented with respect to formality vs. informality and standard vs. substandard speech. The author gives utmost care to the chronology of the spread of this Slovakian contact feature.

Edith Searle Grossmann, 1863–1931

Edith Searle Grossmann wrote the two most significant New Zealand novels to come out of the nineteenth-century women’s movement. In Revolt and A Knight of the Holy Ghost are powerful critiques of gender inequities, in spite of their didacticism and melodramatic excess. The first novel attacks male abuses of power, while the sequel presents Grossmann’s vision of a world with no gender or class divisions. Throughout, the compelling, psychologically convincing character of Hermione Howard provides the focal point. In her life as well as her art Grossmann upheld feminist ideals. One of the earliest New Zealand female Master’s graduates, she used the written word to campaign for women’s education. An independent career woman who worked as a teacher, journalist and writer, Grossmann kept her maiden name after her marriage and lived most of her life apart from her husband. Her journalism and fiction also reveals a passionate concern for New Zealand’s cultural identity. The Heart of the Bush, her final novel, creates a myth of New Zealand as a rugged, natural wonderland. This world of bush and mountains strips away the hypocrisies of English society, breeding men and women of integrity and passion, but also ‘dispossesses’ and eventually eliminates Maori (Stafford, ‘Going Native’, p. 168). Edith Howitt Searle was born on 8 September 1863 in Beechworth, Victoria and she spent much of her childhood in the Australian bush. She was the fourth child and third daughter of Mary Ann (nee Beeby) and George Smales Searle, both of whom were 40 when she was born. Her father was a newspaper editor and the family moved first to Melbourne and then New Zealand as he pursued his profession. The Searles settled in Invercargill in 1878, where Edith attended the Grammar School. In 1879 Edith Searle was sent to Christchurch Girls’ High School to finish her education. However, the principal, Helen Connon (later Macmillan Brown), admired Edith’s intellect and persuaded her to work towards entry to university. Connon was the first female Master’s graduate in the British Commonwealth and believed passionately in the need for women to develop intellectually. Edith became head girl of Christchurch Girls. In 1880 Edith was awarded a junior scholarship to Canterbury College and began studying towards a Bachelor of Arts. She was one of only four female students at the College (by the time she graduated this had burgeoned to over 100), but soon gained a reputation for her literary skill, coming second to Joseph Penfound Grossmann in the 1881 Bowen Essay Competition.

Russia's Sputnik generation: Soviet baby boomers talk about their lives

Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Sasha the Muscovite: Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Konstantinov 2. Back then really wanted to join the party: Natalia Valentinovna Altukhova (maiden name Pronina) 3. We grew up in a normal time: Natalia P. 4. Our entire generation . . . welcomed perestroika: Arkadii Olegovich Darchenko 5. I saw the life of my country, and thereby my own, from a variety of perspectives: Natalia Aleksandrovna Belovolova (maiden name Ianichkina) 6. It's very hard to be a woman in our country: Olga Vladimirovna Kamaiurova 7. I came to understand things, but only gradually: Aleksandr Vladimirovich Trubnikov 8. People have lost a great deal in terms of their confidence in tomorrow: Gennadii Viktorovich Ivanov Selected Bibliography Index

Encyclopedia of women and baseball

Women have been involved in baseball from the game's early days, in a wide range of capacities. This ambitious encyclopedia provides information on women players, managers, teams, leagues, and issues since the mid - 19th century. Players are listed by maiden name with married name, when known, in parentheses. Information provided includes birth date, death date, team, dates of play, career statistics and brief biographical notes when available. Related entries are noted for easy cross-reference. Appendices include the rosters of the World War II era All American Girls Professional Baseball League teams; the standings and championships from the AAGPBL; and all women's baseball teams and players identified to date.