Mahua Oil Methyl Ester Research Articles

ENHANCING PERFORMANCE OF BIODIESEL-HYDROGEN BLENDS OPERATED DI DIESEL ENGINE USING VARIABLE INJECTION TIMING

The study aimed to investigate the effect of injection timing (IT) on the combustion, emission, and performance characteristics of a single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct injection (DI) diesel engine. The engine was run on different fuel blends, namely, pure diesel, diesel blended with 20% mahua oil methyl ester (B20) with three hydrogen flow rates of 20, 22.5, and 25 liters per minute (lpm). The experiment was carried out at a rated speed of 2000 rpm. Four different injection timings (ITs) were applied, namely, 19°, 23°, 27°, and 31° bottom top dead center (BTDC), relative to the standard IT of 23° BTDC. The results showed that the optimal IT was 27° BTDC for B20-hydrogen (22.5 lpm) dual-fuel mode operation. This condition delivered the highest brake thermal efficiency (BTE) between 24.4 and 34.3% , the lowest brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) between 0.25 and 0.41 kg/KWh, and the minimum unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) emissions between 8 and 32 ppm, and carbon-monoxide (CO) emissions ranging between 0.002 and 0.389% . However, the concentration of nitrogen-oxides (NOx) emissions was slightly increased, ranging between 24 and 53 ppm compared to B20. Further modifications in the IT resulted in decreased brake thermal efficiency ranging between 13 and 31% , increased hydrocarbon emissions between 25 and 28% , and increased CO emissions between 70 and 96% for both 4° BTDC advancements and retardations. Moreover, both modifications reduced NOx emissions by 8-19% . Hence, based on this study's findings, employing an IT of 27° BTDC for 22.5 Ipm of hydrogen with a B20 dual-fuel mode of operation for the DI diesel engine to achieve optimal performance, combustion, and emission characteristics is recommended.

Experimental And Emission Analysis Over New Urea – SCR Array For CI Engine Fueled With Mahua Oil Methyl-Ester

A new unit of emission-aftertreatment setup developed with DPF, TWC-converter having novel DEF-unit by manual control, for improving the ability of present Urea - SCR arrangement. CIE powered through neat mahua oil methyl-ester (MOME) and contrasted by pure-Diesel. Output indicates ~99% reduction in both CO and HC by new arrangement, simultaneously noticed less amount of NOx present, when judged with usual setup.

Comparative experimental analysis on dual fuel with biodiesel-acetylene in reactivity controlled compression ignition engine

ABSTRACT In the latest Compression Ignition (CI) engines, a gaseous fuel plays a significant role because they have the advantage of a low knock-creating tendency and lower carbon emissions. In B20 Mahua Oil Methyl Ester (MOME)-acetylene dual-fuel Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) engines, an effort has been made to use gaseous fuel acetylene as a Low Reactivity Fuel (LRF). RCCI engines are well known for their low particulate matter and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx). In the current study, all the aforementioned technologies are concurrently used to attain better performance, emission and combustion characteristics. The test engine is properly modified to allow acetylene to be injected at an angle of 60° to stimulate better turbulence intake air at different flow rates, from 1 to 5 litres per minute (LPM). The result shows an increase in acetylene mass flow rates, increases the Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) for B20 MOME. A maximum BTE of 32.6% is achieved at the RCCI B20 MOME-acetylene operation with acetylene flow rate of 4 LPM, which is marginally lower with Conventional Diesel Engine (CDE) operation. In B20 MOME- 4 LPM Acetylene RCCI operation, the NOx emission, the smoke density, Hydro Carbon (HC) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) are reduced by 11.8%, 10.4%, 5.3% and 14.3%, respectively compared to B20 MOME in CDE operation.

Adding ZnO Nanoparticle in Mahua Oil Methyl Ester (MoME) Biodiesel for Eco-Friendly and Better Performance in DI Engine

Adding ZnO Nanoparticle in Mahua Oil Methyl Ester (MoME) Biodiesel for Eco-Friendly and Better Performance in DI Engine

Production of methyl ester from mahua oil: Characterization and optimization by using RSM

The Production of fatty acid Methyl Esters, to be used as a diesel substitute (Biodiesel) has been studied. In the present work Methyl Ester (Biodiesel) was produced from Mahua Oil through esterification followed by transesterification. The preparation of mahua oil methyl Ester was carried out at different parameters like: Methanol to oil molar Ratio, Concentration of Catalyst, Effect of Temperature and reaction time. The results shows that 6:1 liquor to oil molar proportion with 1% KOH impetus, 60 °C response temperature and time 120 min gives 92% ideal yield are the optimum conditions for esterification. Streamlining of chosen boundaries is finished by Response Surface Methodology system in Design Expert programming by Box-Behnken Method. The various fuel properties of mahua oil methyl ester were compared with ASTM Standards. It was concluded that the mahua oil is a potential raw material for the methyl ester. It is cost effective and can be a viable alternative fuel in near future. GCMS and FTIR Analysis were also carried out to identify and confirm the presence of fatty acid methyl esters.

Analysis of performance, combustion and emission parameters in di diesel engine by using mahua methyl ester along with nano metal additives titanium dioxide

Current scenario is look at Non conventional alternative fuel source to decrease its dependence on the foreign import of various oils. Amongst all alternative fuel offered Mahua oil, in which is changed to bio - diesel by means of transesterification process. The adding up of nano-metal additive to biodiesel during a variety of form considerably improves the properties and it contributes to improved behaviour of diesel engine by reduced emission. The experimental work is done to found the behavior, combustion and emission characteristic in the diesel-engine by means of Biodiesel fuels and Nano-metal Additives Titanium Dioxide. The Bio diesel is prepared by transesterification processes, then powder metal oxide is converted in to nano form by means of ball milling, CTAB (Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide) is taken as cationic agent, then known quantity of TiO2 and CTAB Nano metal additives is mixed with the base fluid Mahua oil Methyl Ester (MOME) which is the biodiesel by Ultrasonication process. The blend which is obtained is tested by single cylinder four stroke diesel engines and can be noted that the adding of nano metal additive in the bio diesel improves the behavior, combustion and the emission characteristics of diesel-engine.

Performance and emission characteristics of twin cylinder diesel engine fueled with mahua biodiesel and DEE

An experimental investigation has been carried out to evaluate the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a twin-cylinder diesel engine fueled with mahua oil methyl ester (MOME)/diesel blends. The physicochemical properties of blended fuels were compared with baseline diesel as per the ASTM standard. Major challenges with mahua biodiesel are reduced thermal efficiency and a higher rate of oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) emissions hence to resolve this issue Di-ethyl ether (DEE) which has a higher cetane index, as well as lesser auto-ignition temperature, was mixed further with 20% mahua biodiesel/80% diesel blend(B-20) to improve the combustion characteristics of the blend. Initially, the engine was operated on the different blend proportion (5 to 20%) of mahua biodiesel mixed with neat diesel. The highest brake thermal efficiency was observed for AD-20(B-20+20%DEE) blend viz., around 30% at full load and 3% higher than neat diesel. Brake specific fuel consumption for the same blend was observed to be minimum viz., 12.16% reduction than neat diesel owing to improved ignition quality of the MOME blend causing complete combustion with the addition of DEE. Furthermore, the exhaust emissions such as smoke, NOx, unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC), and carbon monoxide (CO) were alleviated significantly by 55%, 7%, 35%, and 53%, respectively in comparison to normal diesel for AD-20 blend at maximum load. Hence, it can be concluded that MOME/diesel blend (B-20) mixed with 20% DEE gives the best result among all tested fuels.

Impact of secondary fuel injector in various distance on direct injection diesel engine using acetylene-bio diesel in reactivity controlled compression ignition mode

ABSTRACT Many researchers utilized acetylene fuel in conventional diesel engine in dual fuel mode. Dual fuel Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) engine is established by modifying the Conventional Diesel Engine (CDE) intake manifold that supplies secondary fuel through the injector. The aim of the study is to analyze the acetylene-bio diesel fueled RCCI engine by varying the secondary fuel injector position in the intake manifold. The experiment was carried out by acetylene gas as a Low Reactivity Fuel (LRF) which is supplied by an injector at a distance of 243.5 mm, 288.5 mm, and 333.5 mm from the intake valve with a constant flow rate of 4 l/min during the suction stroke. The High Reactivity Fuel (HRF) B20 MOME (Mahua Oil Methyl Ester) is supplied through the injector at end of the compression stroke. The modified engine was tested for its performance, combustion, and emission characteristics. The result shows that the Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) at a distance of 243.5 mm from the intake valve increases all loads and achieves a brake thermal efficiency improvement of 2.27% from the B20 MOME fueled engine. The Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) and NOx, which are predominantly higher in biodiesel fueled engine, are reduced about 13.5% and 13.6% respectively at a distance of 243.5 mm from the intake valve in the RCCI mode combustion.

Impact of compression ratio and effect of biodiesel blends in performance, combustion and emission characteristics of VCR DI diesel engine

The work has been carried out to use mahua oil methyl ester (MOME) in variable compression ratio (VCR) engine with three compression ratios (CR) 17:1, 17.5:1 and 18:1 was used for the experiment. Also the blend ratios are (M10, M20 and M30) mahua biodiesel blends at zero to maximum load with a constant speed 1500 rpm. The MOME properties are identical to diesel. The characteristics that means brake thermal efficiency (BTE), specific fuel consumption (SFC), hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), smoke, cylinder pressure (CP) and heat release rate (HRR) were superior at CR 18:1 and the blend B20, but considering the engine vibration and noise of the CR is limited to a value of 18:1.

Performances emissions behaviors of Compression ignition engine by mahua oil

The project works deal with the bio-diesel which formed from the Mahua oil by esterifications and follow by the transesterifications. The kinetic study of optimizes the research of Mahua oil Methyl Ester was taken at various parameters as methanol % of surplus alcohol, reactions time and oil molar ratio, concentrations of acid channel and temperature. The output shows that the 4.2% H2SO4, 0.35% alcohol ratio, 1.15 h reactions time and the temperature of 60 0C is optimal condition to the esterifications. The most favorable condition to the production of the bio-diesel is 2.2% sodium Methoxide, 0.1% alcohol oil ratio, 1.15 h reactions time, 60 0C of temperature and 140% excess alcohol the best condition to the tranesterifications. In this work, the investigation is taken to revision then performances, emissions and combustions properties of mahua Methyl ester. The output was checked by diesel and chosen mahua methyl ester as fuel blend. The setup having single cylinder forced water cooled C.I engine is utilized. At first, engine is run by methyl ester mixed by the volume basis and the corresponding reading is taken. The results are taken entire series of engine operations for different load condition. The performance parameters of engine are like SFC, exhaust gas emissions, break thermal efficiency were cheap with raise in bio-diesel concentrations.

Investigation on effects of the exhaust emission characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with mahua oil methyl esters and its blends with diesel

Diesel engines are deliberately known for environmental pollution caused by exhaust emissions and are liable for many health issues further more. Emissions of diesel exhaust might lead to cancer, irritate the eyes, affects the nose, throat and lungs. Biodiesel is an eco-friendly and typical alternative fuel which is produced from vegetable oils through transesterification technique. Biodiesel has its own several advantages than the conventional diesel says decreased in carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) and particle matter (PM) emissions, and having fuel properties which are similar to conventional diesel for its easier use in diesel engines. The outcomes demonstrated that the production of lesser CO and HC emission using biodiesel. Nevertheless, a minor increment in NOx emission was noticed for mahua oil methyl ester blends. Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) for methyl ester blends was raised as compared to diesel. The combustion analysis exhibited a significant rise in combustion pressure and heat release rate with smaller ignition delay and extended combustion period. From the investigation, it could be said that the effects of mahua oil methyl esters and its blends on diesel engine when compared to conventional diesel ultimately minimizes the health effects of biodiesel exhaust exposure.

Influence of saturated fatty acid material composition in biodiesel on its performance in internal combustion engines

The aim of this research was to study the influence of the composition of saturated fatty acids of biodiesel on the performance, emissions and characteristics of combustion in an engine with compression ignition. An increase in saturated fatty acids may eliminate biodiesel deficiencies. Various 55% mixtures of saturated fatty acids with diesel fuel were studied and compared. Five different combinations of blend were prepared using the following esters such as Palm oil methyl ester (POME), Coconut oil methyl ester (COME), Neem oil methyl ester (NOME), Mahua oil methyl ester (MOME), Jatropha oil methyl ester (JOME) and Pongamia oil methyl ester (PONOME). All five combinations (BD1-BD5) were tested and compared for physicochemical characteristics such as density, viscosity, iodine number, saponification number, energy consumption, thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature, toxic gas emissions. Five blended combinations showed viscosity around 5.13 to 5.56 centistokes. The Cetane number of the five blends were in the range of 52–56. The heating value of the five combinations was in the range of 38.92 to 40.65 MJ/kg. Iodine values were found to be in the range of 50–73. The brake thermal efficiency percentage were in the range of 27.15–27.4. All five blends found to emits less amount of Greenhouse gases. The results of the research state that all five combinations of biodiesel are unique, and they show very good performance properties as fuel along with less discharges toxic emissions.

Emission characteristics study of compression ignition engine fuelled with biodiesel and cerium oxide nanoparticle blends

This work investigates the detailed study on emission characteristics of compression ignition engine fuelled with diesel, mahua oil biodiesel (MOBD) and cerium oxide nanoparticle (CeO2). Cerium oxide nanoparticles were mixed with neat mahua oil methyl ester (MOME) at a different dose of 100 and 200 ppm on a mass basis. Experimental results revealed that nanoparticle had a positive effect on emissions of MOME. CeO2 nanoparticle acts as an oxygen shelter owing to its high surface energy content due to its huge surface to volume ratio that expedites the process of combustion. Among the fuels containing CeO2 nanoparticles, MOBDCeO2200 showed an improvement in various emissions as compared to conventional fuels. CeO2 nanoparticles were the superior oxidising catalysts as they could effectively reduce HC and CO emissions. NO x emission reduced substantially due to catalytic activity of CeO2 nanoparticles.

Emission study on alcohol-biodiesel propelled compression ignition engine

This work investigates the impact of hexanol as an effective oxygenated additive on exhaust emission on biodiesel fuelled diesel engine. Transesterification process has followed to yield Mahua oil methyl ester (MOME) from raw Mahua oil using sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. Test fuels used are Diesel, Mahua oil methyl ester (BD100), 10%, 20% of Hexanol (BD90H10, BD80H20) incorporated MOME respectively. This work was carried out in a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine. Results showed that by the addition of hexanol with biodiesel shows considerable reduction NOX, carbon dioxide (CO), Hydrocarbon (HC), Smoke emission.

A comprehensive study on emission and performance characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with nanoparticle-blended biodiesel.

The present work is aimed to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of mahua biodiesel-fueled diesel engine with copper oxide nanoparticle at various particle sizes (10 and 20nm) and the results compared with conventional diesel fuel (BD). Experiments were conducted in a four-stroke, single-cylinder, constant speed, and naturally aspirated research diesel engine with an eddy current dynamometer. Conventional transesterification process is carried out to convert the raw mahua oil into mahua oil biodiesel (BD100). Copper oxide (CuO) was chosen as a nanoparticle; the mass fraction of 100ppm and the particle sizes of 10 and 20nm were blended with mahua oil methyl ester using an ultrasonicator, and the physicochemical properties were measured. The physicochemical properties of BD100 and nanoparticle-included BD100 are at par with EN14214 limits. Brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of BD100 is higher than that of diesel, and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) is lower than that of diesel (D100). The inclusion of 10-nm particle size of CuO nanoparticle in BD100 improves the BSFC and BTE by 1.3 and 0.7%, respectively, when compared with BD100. The CuO nanoparticle inclusion at 20-nm nanoparticle in biodiesel further improves the performance parameters than those at 10-nm nanoparticle. Further, the BD100 promotes a lower level of smoke emissions, carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbon (HC) and with a prominent increase in oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions. The inclusion of 10-nm particle size of CuO nanoparticle in BD100 reduces the NOx, HC, CO, and smoke emission by 3.9, 5.6, 4.9, and 2.8%, respectively, at peak load condition when compared with BD100. The addition of CuO nanoparticle at 20-nm nanoparticle in biodiesel further reduces the NOx, HC, CO, and smoke emissions.

Enhancing the oxidation stability of Mahua oil methyl ester with the addition of natural antioxidants

ABSTRACTA rapid decrease in the availability of non-renewable fossil fuels has initiated the search for alternative fuels. Biodiesel obtained from various feedstocks has proved to be an effective alternative source for diesel engines due to its convincing fuel characteristics. The oxidation property of biodiesel is influenced by external factors such as sunlight and exposure to atmosphere.The oxidation stability of biodiesel can be improved by the addition of antioxidants which may be synthetic or natural. Natural antioxidants are more effective than synthetic ones in terms of economic value as well as prevention of adverse carcinogenic effects. Natural antioxidants, namely, ginger, Moringa oleifera, oregano, basil, and clove were extracted and used for the present study. The antioxidant activity of the additives was analyzed by DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity. The DPPH scavenging effect was calculated in terms of % by using absorbance values recorded with UV spectrophotometer. Among the antioxidants used, clove additive was found to be more efficient in enhancing the oxidation stability, with scavenging effect of 42.23%, 47.67%, 51.62%, and 55.61% for 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 ppm, respectively. It was also observed that the scavenging activity increased with the concentration of antioxidant additives, and the maximum value was recorded at a concentration of 2000 ppm. Mahua oil methyl ester (MOME) was selected as biodiesel for the present study for which the oxidation stability has to be evaluated. The oxidation stability of MOME was measured in terms of induction period using the Rancimat method which does not meet the required standards. The oxidation stability of MOME, MOME + ginger 2000, MOME + M. oleifera 2000, MOME + oregano 2000, MOME + basil 2000, and MOME + clove 2000 was evaluated. The highest induction period was observed to be 38.44 h for MOME + clove 2000 blend. Hence, clove additive was found to be more effective among the selected natural antioxidants in terms of increasing the scavenging effect as well as increasing the oxidation stability of MOME. Thus, the addition of natural antioxidants can be recommended to improve the oxidation stability of biodiesel based on their scavenging effect which can be further validated by means of the Rancimat method in terms of the induction period

Optimisation of performance and emission characteristics of CI engine fuelled with Mahua oil methyl ester–diesel blend using response surface methodology

ABSTRACTThe aim of present study is to optimise the performance and emission characteristics of compression ignition engine fuelled with biodiesel blended diesel fuel using response surface methodology (RSM). During engine trials, two parameters, viz. blend ratio and load torque, were varied and the responses like brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and smoke opacity were investigated. Statistical tool like RSM was used to design experiments. Optimisation of parameters was performed using the desirability approach of RSM for superior performance and lower emission. The results revealed that at optimal input parameters (40% fuel blend and 15 Nm load torque), the values of performance and emission parameters in optimal solutions: BSFC (kg/kWh): 0.2252, BTE (%): 29.2885, CO (vol. %): 0.00757, HC (ppm): 5.7195, NOx (ppm): 319.78, smoke (vol. %): 4.50 were found for the Mahua oil methyl esters blended with diesel.

Economically viable production of biodiesel using a novel heterogeneous catalyst: Kinetic and thermodynamic investigations

Biodiesel was produced in laboratory in two consecutive steps i.e. esterification followed by transesterification using a novel heterogeneous base catalyst and Madhuca indica (Mahua) oil as a feedstock. Barium lanthanum oxide, a novel catalyst was synthesized by four different methods i.e., co-precipitation (BLOC), solid state (BLOS) and the citrate route or auto-combustion method (BLOA1 and BLOA2). The catalyst was characterized and the catalytic activity was measured by quantifying the FAME content of the biodiesel. It has been observed that BLOA1, BLOA2, and BLOC resemble with each other as they have the same phase with an identical structural formula of Ba2La2O5. This observed structural formula constituted the mixture of the perovskite and metal oxides. The BLOS sample had the structural formula of Ba10La2O13 which proved the extensive formation of individual metal oxides. Out of the samples, BLOA2 synthesized by citrate route was efficient in biodiesel production. The citrate route synthesis performed at pH 2.31 enriched the catalyst mixed metal oxide surface with free OH− groups, which ultimately avoided the formation of the carbonate species, produced biodiesel with 97.5% FAME conversion. Hence, Barium Lanthanum Mixed metal oxide prepared by citrate route in acidic medium is a potential catalyst for biodiesel production. The reaction mechanism followed first-order kinetics. The activation energy (EA) was 34.44 kJ mol−1 and the frequency factor (A) was 7.94 min−1. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized Mahua oil methyl ester (MOME) were measured according to ASTM D 6751 and were found to be within the permissible range.

An experimental investigation on the performance of a CI engine when using LTC with a blend of diesel, biodiesel and ethanol

There is a rising concentration in many different countries to look for proper alternative fuels that are environment friendly. Vegetable oils are close to the properties of diesel fuels. In this study, Mahua oil (Madhuca indica) is transesterified with methanol using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a catalyst to obtain Mahua oil methyl ester. The level of pollutants such as NOx and particulates present in the exhaust gas of the diesel engine is high. The present study is mainly aimed at reducing emission level by way of using bio-diesel as fuel. In this study low temperature combustion method (LTC) is employed by using exhaust gas recirculation technique (EGR) and tests performed with fuels consisting of 20% biodiesel, and 5% ethanol blended with diesel. The work is carried out in two phases. One with EGR and the other without EGR. 30% of exhaust gas is used for conducting experiments. It is inferred from the study that the pollutant level in the exhaust is significantly reduced and in addition to it, the efficiency of the engine is also increased.

Performance, combustion and emission analysis on the effect of ferrofluid on neat biodiesel

Abstract The major drawbacks of using biodiesel as a neat fuel are low oxidation stability, high viscosity, lower thermal efficiency and higher NOx emission. Many studies have been attempted to reduce the drawbacks of biodiesel and to use it as a conventional fuel. The present work aims to reduce the problems associated with neat biodiesel using addition of non-polluting additives. Mahua oil has been chosen as a biodiesel due to its non-edible nature and properties similar to diesel. Mahua oil methyl ester (MOME) was prepared by conventional transesterification. Ferrofluid, comprising of magnetite of 14 nm size was added to the base fuel and is referred to as MOMEF (Mahua Oil Methyl Ester with the addition of Ferrofluid). The advantage of ferrofluid is that, unlike other additives, it can be extracted from the exhaust gas. Ferrofluid releases additional heat during the course of the combustion process which reduces its conventional drawbacks. Furthermore, it can be easily diluted to biodiesel and as a result it can collect the benefits of water-biodiesel emulsions. This fuel modification is expected to improve the properties of mahua oil methyl-ester and to eliminate problems associated with it. Performance, combustion and emission tests were carried out in a 21 kW power, four-stroke, twin-cylinder, direct-injection, compression-ignition engine. Experimentally, it was observed that methyl esters of mahua oil can be combusted in an IC engine like other biofuels without any major modifications. Experiments were conducted with MOME and MOMEF and are compared with conventional diesel. The experimental analysis revealed an increase in brake thermal efficiency of about 5.27% and a decrease in brake specific fuel consumption of about 5.37%. In addition the HC, CO and NOx emissions were reduced by 10.8%, 6.44% and 9.49% respectively.