Mahua Biodiesel Blend Research Articles

Influence of graphene oxide nanoparticles dispersed mahua oil biodiesel on diesel engine: performance, combustion, and emission study

The present study addresses the effect of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles dispersed in a mahua biodiesel blend (B20) on diesel engine performance, combustion, and emissions. GO nanoparticles were considered at a level of 75 mg/L. Also, the surfactant CTAB and dispersant Tween 80 were added in a 1:1 ratio. Stability analysis was performed using a photospectrometer. The injection pressure was varied from 200 to 250 bar. The performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were improved by dispersing nanoparticles in B20. Combustion characteristics such as cylinder pressure (CP) and net heat release rate (NHRR) were also greatly improved by nanoparticle dispersion. Finally, emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (UHC), smoke, and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were greatly reduced. The dispersant-added GO nanoparticles showed exceptional results. At 250 bar, the B20 + GO 75 mg/L + Tween 75 mg/L showed a 5.067% improvement in BTE and a 6.293% reduction in BSFC. In addition, CP and NHRR were improved by 3.13% and 43.85%, respectively. Finally, reductions in CO, UHC, NOx, and smoke opacity were found to be approximately 27.77%, 37.63%, 11.07%, and 38.55%, respectively.

Influence of dispersant and surfactant added graphene oxide nanoparticles on Mahua biodiesel blend: stability and physicochemical properties approach

Influence of dispersant and surfactant added graphene oxide nanoparticles on Mahua biodiesel blend: stability and physicochemical properties approach

The effect of metallic and nonmetallic oxide nanoparticles dispersed Mahua biodiesel on diesel engine performance and emission characteristics

The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using metallic graphene oxide (GO) and nonmetallic zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in a Mahua biodiesel blend (B20). At a concentration of 75 mg/L, both GO and ZnO nanoparticles were considered and a surfactant (CTAB) and a dispersant (TWEEN 80) were added at a 1:1 ratio for surface modification. The nanofuel samples were analyzed for stability using a spectrophotometer. The nanoparticles mixed with dispersants and surfactants have shown improved stability. In addition, the injection pressure was varied from 200 to 250 bar. Dispersion of GO and ZnO nanoparticles in BD20 improved performance parameters such as BTE and BSFC. In addition, there was a significant decrease in CO, HC, smoke, and NOx emissions. TWEEN 80-added GO and ZnO nanoparticles in B20 achieved the best results, followed by the CTAB-added nanoparticles. In addition, the operating parameters showed a favorable trend toward improvement at higher injection pressures. At 250 bar, BTE was improved by 4.24% and BSFC was reduced by 3.59% compared to diesel. Also, the CO, UHC, NOx, and smoke opacity were reduced by 47.05%, 15.12%, 18.96%, and 37.09% for B20 + ZnO75 mg/L + TWEEN75 mg/L, respectively.

Effect of Fuel Injection Pressure on Spray Characterization of Mahua Biodiesel Blend Using CRDI Injection System

Abstract: In this study, the effect of fuel injection pressure on spray characterization of mahua biodiesel blend (B20) was visually analysed using CRDI fuel injection system. To analyse the spray characteristics, biodiesel blend fuel (B20) has injected at different injection pressures like 20, 30, 40and 50 MPa pressures. The fuel injection pressures and fuel injection durations were varied using electronic control module fitted with CRDI system. The spray structure of mahua biodiesel blend (B20) were recorded using a high-speed camera. For testing purpose one port of CRDI unit was connected with the solenoid fuel injector and other ports were closed. From the results obtained, it is clear that the spray tip penetration and spray cone angle were increased when the fuel injection pressure was increased from 20 to 50 MPa.

Investigations into the Combined Effect of Mahua Biodiesel Blends and Biogas in a Dual Fuel Engine

Rapid depletion of conventional fuel sources has led to the use of alternative fuels and implementation of variant engine technologies to reduce deleterious emissions being released and deliver thermal energy for numerous applications. This research aims to study the usage of mahua methyl ester in a single-cylinder 4-stroke CI engine, optimized to operate in the dual fuel mode. Performance, combustion and emission characteristics are recorded and compared with diesel with the sole aim of finding the blend that provides adequate performance and diminishing emissions. To this effect, the percentage of mahua biodiesel blend, load, biogas flow rate and methane fraction are varied. The experimentation is conducted using three mahua biodiesel blend variants namely B10, B20 and B30. Gaseous fuel comprising biogas (CH4 and CO2 in ratio of 3:2) and methane (CH4) are incorporated in the dual fuel condition at 8 litre per minute (lpm) and 12 lpm. B20 blend demonstrated better performance and emission characteristics. The addition of biodiesel (B20) showed more than 5% improvement in brake thermal efficiency. Additionally, comparing with normal diesel mode, B20 showed lower CO (0.061%) and NOx (615 ppm) emissions. In the dual fuel condition, methane and biogas are effective in reducing the NOx emissions, but with a negative repercussion of extortionately elevated HC and CO emissions. The best combination is deduced to be B20 mahua biodiesel at 8 lpm of biogas flow rate in the dual fuel mode due to better performance and emission characteristics.

Effect of injection timing in reducing the harmful pollutants emitted from CI engine using N-butanol antioxidant blended eco-friendly Mahua biodiesel

The utilization of non-renewable energy sources leads to long-standing unfavorable consequences on human health and environmental issues. Ever growing demand and use of diesel engines in various fields cause the emission of exhaust gases like NOx and CO that lead to serious environmental pollution and hazards like global warming, respiratory problems. Hence, it has a necessity a reduction in the use of diesel fuel and addition of suitable biodiesel. Mahua biodiesel blend has also been considered a safe renewable fuel for conventional engines. This is due to its desirable properties such as rapid growth rate, higher productivity, and the ability to utilize CO2 into fuel. Doping of an antioxidant, preferably n-butanol eliminates these harmful emissions from the diesel engine. In this experimental investigation, a Blend of Mahua biodiesel mixed with n-butanol was used as test fuel in a conventional engine. About 20–30 vol.% of n-butanol blended with 80 vol.% of diesel and tested. The injection timing was varied between 21 °CA bTDC and 25 °CA bTDC. Nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide of a blend of B20 + D80 + 30% n-butanol (NBM blend) at 21 °CA bTDC were reduced by 49 percent and 5.88 percent, respectively, when a relative to diesel fuel. The smoke and hydrocarbon emission of NBM blend at 25 °CA bTDC is reduced by 40% and 38.07%, respectively, related to diesel. The brake thermal efficiency for NBM blend at all injection timing was identified higher as a correlated to all other test blends. The brake thermal efficiency of the NBM blend at 25 °CA bTDC was increased by 15.30% when compared with diesel fuel. From the results, the Period of combustion was higher biodiesel as related to diesel. The span of ignition delay for NBM blend at advanced IT was 13.3% and 16.5% lower as compared to standard and advanced IT. These promising results assure that the Mahua biodiesel blend containing antioxidants would be eco-friendly fuel.

Effect of Injection Timing in Reducing the Harmful Pollutants Emitted from Ci Engine Using N-Butanol Antioxidant Blended Eco-Friendly Mahua Biodiesel

The burgeoning demand and use of diesel engines in various fields cause emission of exhaust gases like NOx and CO that lead to serious environmental pollution and hazards like global warming, respiratory problems, and so on, has necessitated a reduction in the use of diesel and addition of suitable biodiesel. Mahua biodiesel blend has also been considered as a safe renewable fuel for conventional engines. This is due to its desirable properties such as rapid growth rate, higher productivity, and the ability to utilize CO2 into fuel. The introduction of an antioxidant, preferably n-butanol eliminates these harmful emissions from the diesel engine. In this experimental investigation, mahua biodiesel blend mixed with n-butanol has been used as test fuel in a conventional engine. Because of the special character n-butanol has been chosen for use with the mahua biodiesel blend. About 20–30 vol.% of n-butanol has been blended with 80 vol.% of diesel and tested. The manufacturer set injection timing was 23oCA bTDC. The injection timing is preferably between 21oCA bTDC and 25oCA bTDC. Nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide are reduced by 49 percent and 5.88 percent, respectively, when a blend of B20 + D80 + 30% n-butanol is used at 21oCA bTDC relative to diesel fuel. The smoke and hydrocarbon emission of blend B20 + D80 + 30% n-butanol at 25oCA bTDC is reduced by 40% and 38.07%, respectively, related to diesel. The brake thermal efficiency for entire injection timing has been identified to be increased correlated to all other test blends. The brake thermal efficiency in blend B20 + D80 + 30% n-butanol of 25oCA bTDC is increased by 15.30%, when compared with diesel fuel. These promising results assure that mahua biodiesel blend containing antioxidant would be eco-friendly fuel.

Influence of palmitic and oleic acid mixtures on combustion evaluation of a diesel engine

Diesel engines are commonly known for its high-power output and high performance. However, the rise in energy consumption, the gradual depletion of petroleum fuels and compliance with strict emission regulations are of great interest to researchers to produce alternative fuels from renewable energy resources. Of all the different alternative fuels, vegetable oil replaces traditional diesel fuels. The transesterification process is frequently used in the process of extracting biodiesel from vegetable oils. In this process, triglycerides are converted into monoglycerides using alcohol and a catalyst at a specific reaction temperature. In this experimental work, pongamia and mahua oil having a higher composition of Palmitic and oleic fatty acids are used to extract biodiesel through a transesterification using methanol and KOH catalyst. Since the combustion process in diesel engine is very complicated because of heterogeneous spray combustion. The physiochemical properties of biodiesel vary when compared to diesel fuel. It is essential to study the influence of Palmitic and oleic fatty acids on combustion parameters of diesel engines. Palmitic and oleic acids are the main fatty acids of pongamia and mahua biodiesel. This was the key inspiration for this research to understand and examine the combustion behaviour of CI engines fuelled with methyl ester containing a higher composition of Palmitic and oleic acid mixture. The experiment was performed with a diesel engine for diesel and pongamia and mahua biodiesel blends (PME25, PME50, PME75 and PME) as a fuel. The combustion parameters namely, in-cylinder pressure, the MRPR, HRR, cumulative HRR, ID and CD were evaluated. It was observed that the ID and the MRPR reduced for biodiesel than diesel due to higher cetane number of biodiesel blends showing a smoother operation of the engine. The longer combustion duration was detected for all methyl ester blends, resulting in poor engine performance for biodiesel blends.

Combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of diesel engine with nanocera added water emulsified Mahua biodiesel blend

AbstractThe present study was conducted to investigate the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a 10 kW, single cylinder, direct injection diesel engine using cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanocera) added water emulsified Mahua biodiesel blend (NWEB) vis‐à‐vis water emulsified Mahua biodiesel blend (WEB), B20, and diesel. NWEB was prepared with 69.7 ppm of cerium oxide nanoparticles, 1% surfactants, 10% water, and 2,500 rpm of stirrer. After measuring the fuel properties of test fuels, these were used to run the diesel engine at different engine loads and combustion, performance, and emission parameters were measured. The peak pressure rise rate significantly reduced with NWEB replacing diesel. CA10 and C50 points were observed earlier for NWEB as compared to base fuels. The rapid combustion, controlled combustion, and total combustion duration reduced by more than 5.0, 4.0, and 4.6%, respectively, in engine operation with NWEB over diesel and B20. The maximum brake thermal efficiency of 30.41% was recorded for NWEB as compared to 28.25% for diesel. The mean brake‐specific fuel consumption was 3.76 and 3.93% lesser with NWEB as compared to B20 and WEB, respectively. The mean EGT, BSCO, BSHC, and BSNOxwere reduced by 5.4, 30.8, 43.7, and 26.9%, respectively, with NWEB over diesel.

Analysis of emission and performance characteristics of compression ignition engine using Mahua oil-based biodiesel

In present work, Mahua oil-based bio-Diesel (MHD) has been extracted from the plants of Madhuca longifolia and tested its emission as well as performance characteristics using Compression Ignition (CI) engine test rig. Raw Mahua oil generally has fatty acid, it may cause maintenance problems in CI engine. Therefore, the transesterification process has been used to remove unwanted fatty acid. The transesterified Mahua oil has been added with diesel in the ratio of0%, 5%, 10% and 15% to prepare MHD. The nanoparticles of Cerium Oxide (Ce2O3) also have been added in prepared MHD (in 100 ppm proportion) as an additive to improve chemical reaction between the fuel and air inside the CI combustion chamber. The Constant speed diesel engine performance and emission characteristics of MHD have been analyzed for the different brake powers i.e. 1.15, 1.71, 2.29 and 2.75 kW. The analysis shows that the Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydro Carbon (HC) and smoke emissions decreases with increase in the blend however, the NOX emissions increases with increase in blend. The performance characteristic of the mahua biodiesel blend is very impressive compare to diesel. Even though, Mahua’s thermal efficiency is low and specific fuel consumption is good compare to diesel.

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Mahua Biodiesel blends

The performance and emission characteristics of an engine that burns with Mahua biodiesel of 10%, 20% and 30% blends with diesel (on a volume basis) per unit area is investigated and compared with normal diesel fuel. The investigation is carried out to enhance the efficiency of the diesel fuel using biodiesel blends. The engine utilizes a direct injection system with a variable compression ratio. Also, the experiment was allotted with explicit injection temporal arrangement at 120 before the top dead center (BTDC) with the various compression ratios (air-fuel ratio) per unit area as 15:1, 16:1 and 17:1. Experiments were carried out at a constant speed of 1500 revolutions per minute. The results of the compression ratio relationship on brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and emission characteristics have been investigated and associated. The mix blend 10 (B10) and the Compression ratio (CR) 17 are found to offer most mechanical efficiency at higher compression magnitude relations and it turns out to be 27.32%. Conjointly the Specific Fuel consumption (SFC) of mix B10 is found to be reduced in comparison to that of plain diesel. Emission parameters per unit area were analyzed with different various blends and different compression ratio relationships and compared with diesel fuel. The emission of Carbon monoxide oxides (CO), Hydrocarbons (HC) were generated with a rise in mixing magnitude relation and compression magnitude relations of most loads. Conjointly carbon dioxide emissions were found to be more than in diesel. The engine performance was found to be optimal once persecution of B10 as fuel at a compression magnitude relation of 17:1 throughout full load condition is when made.

Impact of compression ratio and effect of biodiesel blends in performance, combustion and emission characteristics of VCR DI diesel engine

The work has been carried out to use mahua oil methyl ester (MOME) in variable compression ratio (VCR) engine with three compression ratios (CR) 17:1, 17.5:1 and 18:1 was used for the experiment. Also the blend ratios are (M10, M20 and M30) mahua biodiesel blends at zero to maximum load with a constant speed 1500 rpm. The MOME properties are identical to diesel. The characteristics that means brake thermal efficiency (BTE), specific fuel consumption (SFC), hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), smoke, cylinder pressure (CP) and heat release rate (HRR) were superior at CR 18:1 and the blend B20, but considering the engine vibration and noise of the CR is limited to a value of 18:1.

Investigation on the combustion and emission characteristics of CRDI diesel engine fuelled with nano Al2O3 and Fe3O4 particles blended biodiesel

This experimental investigation was carried out to suggest the suitable dose quantity of Al2O3 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles into mahua biodiesel blend (MME20) at which the best possible CRDI diesel engine combustion and emissions is reached. In this work, the dosing quantity of Al2O3 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles is varied from 40 to 120 ppm into the MME20 fuel blend with the assist of ultrasonicator. The Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was utilized as cationic surfactant to increase the stability of dispersion of nanoparticles with MME20 fuel blend. The outcomes obtained from this experiment proved that the MME20 reduces the CRDI diesel engine brake thermal efficiency and increases its emission. The accumulation of Al2O3 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles was originate to enhance the brake thermal efficiency and combustion parameters. The best emission characteristics are obtained at a dosing of 80 ppm of Al2O3 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Similarly better combustion characteristics are observed at a dosing of 80 ppm of Al2O3 compared with Fe3O4 nanoparticles.

Experimental analysis on a DI diesel engine with cerium-oxide-added Mahua methyl ester blends

ABSTRACTAn investigational research is carried out to found the performance and emission characteristics of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine with cerium oxide nanoparticles additives in diesel and biodiesel blends. Mahua methyl ester was produced by transesterification and blended with diesel. Cerium oxide nanoparticles of 50 and 100 ppm in proportion are subjected to high-speed mechanical agitation followed by ultra-sonication. The experimentations was conducted on a single cylinder DI diesel engine at a constant speed of 1500 rpm using different cerium-oxide (CeO2)-blended biodiesel fuel (B20 + 50 ppm, B20 + 100 ppm, B50 + 50 ppm and B50 + 100 ppm) and the outcomes were compared with those of neat diesel and Mahua biodiesel blend (B20 and B50). The experimental results indicated that brake thermal efficiency of B20 + 100 ppm cerium oxide was increased by 1.8 with 1% betterment in specific fuel consumption. Emissions of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide were reasonably lower than Diesel fuel.

Green technology and performance consequences of an eco-friendly substance on a 4-stroke diesel engine at standard injection timing and compression ratio

This study experimentally focuses on finding the optimum blend ratio for Direct injection (D.I) diesel engine fuelled with mahua oildiesel and n-butanol- diesel without any modifications in the engine. Test fuels were prepared by choosing 8 different concentrations as B10 (10 % Biodiesel and 90 % Diesel), B20 (20 % Biodiesel and 80 % Diesel), B30 (30 % Biodiesel and 70 % Diesel), B40 (40 % Biodiesel and 60 % Diesel), BU10 (10 % n-butanol and 90 % Diesel), BU20 (20 % n-butanol and 80 % Diesel), BU30 (30 % n-butanol and 70 % Diesel), BU40 (40 % n-butanol and 60 % Diesel). Experiments were performed at constant speed and variable loads at standard injection timing of 23 Crank angle degree BTDC and standard compression ratio of 16.5:1 to determine the engine performance indicators and exhaust gas emissions such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon, soot content and oxides of nitrogen. The optimum blend ratio for mahua biodiesel- diesel blend and n-butanol- diesel blend were determined and compared on eco-friendly and economical basis to gain the suitable substitute fuel. The result showed that Mahua biodiesel blend is eco-friendly and economically apt alternative fuel for diesel.

Effect of Mahua Biodiesel Blends on the Combustion Characteristics of Direct Injection CI Engine at Various Compression Ratios

In the current study, combustion characteristics were evaluated using mahua biodiesel blends at different compression ratios on a direct injection CI engine. Non edible mahua oil was transesterified into biodiesel by two stage technique. Combustion parameters were evaluated for B5, B10 and B20 blends of mahua biodiesel with diesel and they were compared with straight diesel at compression ratios of 16, 17 and 18.Compression ratio was varied without altering the combustion chamber geometry and the static spill timing was set to 23° bTDC. Parameters like In cylinder pressure, heat release rate, rate of pressure rise and cumulative heat release were evaluated in this study at 100% engine loading conditions. Higher peak cylinder pressure and heat release was observed at higher compression ratios. The ignition delay of the blends were slightly higher compared to diesel at all CR tested. Peak cylinder pressure of the blends was slightly higher at CR 18. The ignition delay was also observed to be lower at higher compression ratio. The peak pressure was observed closer to TDC at higher compression ratios for all fuels tested.

Effects of nano metal oxide blended Mahua biodiesel on CRDI diesel engine

In this paper, aluminium oxide nanoparticles (ANPs) were added to Mahua biodiesel blend (MME20) in different proportions to investigate the effects on a four stroke, single cylinder, common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine. The ANPs were doped in different proportions with the Mahua biodiesel blend (MME20) using an ultrasonicator and a homogenizer with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as the cationic surfactant. The experiments were conducted in a CRDI diesel engine at a constant speed of 1500 rpm using different ANP-blended biodiesel fuel (MME20 + ANP50 and MME20 + ANP100) and the results were compared with those of neat diesel and Mahua biodiesel blend (MME20). The experimental results exposed a substantial enhancement in the brake thermal efficiency and a marginal reduction in the harmful pollutants (such as CO, HC and smoke) for the nanoparticles blended biodiesel.

Performance, Emission, Energy, and Exergy Analysis of a C.I. Engine Using Mahua Biodiesel Blends with Diesel.

This paper presents an experimental investigation on a four-stroke single cylinder diesel engine fuelled with the blends of Mahua oil methyl ester (MOME) and diesel. The performance emission, energy, and exergy analysis has been carried out in B20 (mixture of 80% diesel by volume with 20% MOME). From energy analysis, it was observed that the fuel energy input as well as energy carried away by exhaust gases was 6.25% and 11.86% more in case of diesel than that of B20. The unaccounted losses were 10.21% more in case of diesel than B20. The energy efficiency was 28%, while the total losses were 72% for diesel. In case of B20, the efficiency was 65.74 % higher than that of diesel. The exergy analysis shows that the input availability of diesel fuel is 1.46% more than that of B20. For availability in brake power as well as exhaust gases of diesel were 5.66 and 32% more than that of B20. Destructed availability of B20 was 0.97% more than diesel. Thus, as per as performance, emission, energy, and exergy part were concerned; B20 is found to be very close with that of diesel.

Effect of Combustion Chamber Geometry on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Mahua Biodiesel Blends

The present work investigates the effect of change in combustion chamber geometry on performance and emission characteristics of single cylinder diesel engine fuelled with mahua biodiesel. Since plant oil derived from the mahua tree has high fatty acids, it undergoes esterification followed by transesterification process to reduce its viscosity. Experiments were conducted using a blend of 20% biodiesel (B20) 40% biodiesel (B40) with diesel and compared with diesel by using two types of combustion chamber geometry, explicitly hemispherical and modified hemispherical combustion chamber. Performance parameters such as Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and emission parameters like Unburned Hydro Carbon (UBHC), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) were studied from the diesel engine with above mentioned configurations. It is obvious that there is considerable improvement in the performance parameter viz, BTE, BSFC and reduction in UBHC emissions by using the modified geometry piston. However, the NOx emission was found to be higher than that of standard configuration. The results obtained from the blend B20 at modified combustion chamber geometry are on par with diesel and hence mahua biodiesel can be suggested as an alternative fuel for Compression Ignition (C.I) engine with modified combustion chamber geometry.

Performance and emission parameters optimization of mahua (Madhuca indica) based biodiesel in direct injection diesel engine using response surface methodology

Mahua oil ethyl ester was prepared from mahua oil using potassium hydroxide as catalyst by trans-esterification. The important fuel properties of mahua biodiesel blends were compared with those of high speed diesel and biodiesel standards. Variation of brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), Pmax, CO, NOx, hydrocarbons, and smoke opacity across compression ratio, blending ratio and load were studied successfully using response surface methodology based on Central composite rotatable design. The trends similar to general theory of compression ignition engines (CI) were obtained. Optimum performance and emission parameters were determined by considering the significant variables affecting the diesel engine. Significant reduction in emissions at 23% blending ratio were observed as compared to neat diesel at optimum input variables. Hence mahua biodiesel is an environment friendly alternate fuel over diesel and has good scope to run the compression ignition engines.