Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1 Jürgen Zimmerer, “From the Editors: genocidal terrorism? A plea for conceptual clarity,” Journal of Genocide Research, Vol 8, No 4, 2006, p 379. 2 Mahmood Mamdani, “The politics of naming: genocide, civil war, insurgency,” London Review of Books, Vol 29, No 5, 2007. Available at: http://www.lrb.co.uk/v29/n05/mamd01_.html. 3 Raphaël Lemkin, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe (New York: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1944). 4 Ibid, p 93. 5 Lemkin, quoted by Samantha Power, A Problem from Hell (London: Flamingo, 2003), p 51. 6 So named after the restatement by the early nineteenth-century jurist Jean-Étienne-Marie Portalis of the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. 7 Lemkin, Axis Rule, p 80. 8 Mark Levene, Genocide in the Age of the Nation State: Volume 1. The Meaning of Genocide (London: I. B. Tauris, 2005), p 51. See also my War and Genocide, Chapter 2 (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2003). 9 William Schabas, Genocide in International Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), p 34. 10 Quoted in ibid, p 35. 11 France et al. v. Goering et al. (1946), cited in ibid, pp 37–38. 12 Ibid, p 45. 13 Ibid, p 46. 14 Ibid, p 73. 15 Shaw, War and Genocide, Table 2.1, pp 42–43. 16 Lemkin, Axis Rule, p 79; see my discussion in What is Genocide? (Cambridge: Polity, 2007), Chapter 2. 17 Carl von Clausewitz, On War, Michael Howard and Peter Paret, eds (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976). 18 See my discussion in What is Genocide?, Chapter 8, “The missing concept: the civilian category and its social meaning.” 19 Mahmood Mamdani, When Victims Become Killers (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001), p 2. 20 Michael Mann, The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), p 5. 21 Mann, The Dark Side, p 7. Emphasis added. 22 Mann is the major social theorist who has been most insistent on distinguishing military from political power as a major type of power: see The Sources of Social Power, Vol 1 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), pp 10–11. 23 See my Dialectics of War (London: Pluto, 1988), Chapter 1, for a critique of this tendency in sociology. 24 Mann, The Dark Side, p 32. Norman Naimark similarly identifies war as the major context of “ethnic cleansing”: Fires of Hatred (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001), pp 187, 188. 25 Eric Markusen and David Kopf, The Holocaust and Strategic Bombing: Genocide and Total War in the Twentieth Century (Boulder: Westview, 1995), pp 78–79. 26 Shaw, Dialectics of War, Chapter 3. 27 Shaw, War and Genocide, Chapter 2. 28 Jürgen Zimmerer, “The birth of the Ostland out of the spirit of colonialism: a post-colonial perspective on the Nazi policy of conquest and extermination,” in Dirk A. Moses and Dan Stone, eds, Colonialism and Genocide (London: Routledge, 2007), pp 101–123. 29 Alfred de Zayas, Nemesis at Potsdam: The Anglo-Americans and the Expulsion of the Germans, 2nd edn (London: Routledge, Kegan and Paul, 1979). 30 Dirk A. Moses and Dan Stone, “Introduction,” in Colonialism and Genocide, pp vii–viii. 31 Mary Kaldor, New and Old Wars: Organized Warfare in the Global Age (Cambridge: Polity, 1999). 32 René Lemarchand, “Genocide in the Great Lakes: which genocide? Whose genocide?,” Yale University Genocide Studies Program Working Papers, New Haven, 1998. 33 Philippe R. Girard, “Caribbean genocide: racial war in Haiti, 1802–4,” in Dirk A. Moses and Dan Stone, eds, Colonialism and Genocide (London: Routledge, 2007), pp 42–65. 34 Zimmerer, “From the Editors.” 35 Ibid, p 380. 36 Ibid, p 381. 37 Martin Shaw, “Strategy and slaughter,” Review of International Studies, Vol 29, No 2, 2003, pp 269–278, and Gray's reply in the same issue.