Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis Research Articles

GC-MS Analysis of Cortex Magnolia Officinalis Oil Separated by Molecular Distillation

AIM:The effect of the Cortex Magnolia officinalis oil separated by molecular distillation(MD) was analyzed by GC-MS and HPLC.METHODS:The distillation process was performed under a temperature of 140 °C,and a vacuum degree of 4 Pa.RESULTS:27 chemical compounds were identified in the lighter component,which mainly were volatile components such as caryophyllene oxide,aromadendrene oxide etc.7 chemical compounds were identified in the heavy component and 28 kinds of substances were identified in the crude Cortex Magnolia officinalis Oil.Among those substances,aromadendrene,α-bergamotene,α-muurolene,τ-muurolol and aromadendrene oxide were authenticated for the first time from Cortex Magnolia officinalis.CONCLUSION:It was proved that MD technology can be applied to separate the volatile parts,condense magnolol and honokiol of Cortex Magnolia officinalis oil.

Comparison of the volatile constituents of different parts of Cortex magnolia officinalis by GC‐MS combined with chemometric resolution method

Volatile compositions of different parts (stem, branch and root barks) of cortex Magnolia officinalis, cultivated in China, were investigated for the first time by GC-MS with the help of heuristic evolving latent projection (HELP). Identification of components was conducted by similarity matching to NIST mass library but also assisted by comparison of temperature-programmed retention indices (PTRIs) with the data web available. A total of 90, 82 and 76 volatile compounds in the essential oils of the three samples taken from the same batch aforementioned were qualitatively and quantitatively determined, representing 84.03, 83.68 and 83.10% of the total content, respectively. Among the constituents determined, there were 50 components coexisting. Eudesmol and its isomers were shown to be the principal compounds in the studied samples, accounting for 47.66, 36.74 and 36.31%, respectively. The three kinds of isomers (alpha-, beta- and gamma-eudesmol) in houpo volatile oils have been tentatively qualified and quantified simultaneously for the first time. By comparative analysis, significant qualitative and semi-quantitative differences and similarities were observed among the three samples. The results achieved provide a scientific evidence for further exploitation of Magnolia bark and clinical medication.

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis and some other medicinal plants commonly used in South-East Asia

BackgroundEight medicinal plants were tested for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Different extraction methods were also tested for their effects on the bioactivities of the medicinal plants.MethodsEight plants, namely Herba Polygonis Hydropiperis (Laliaocao), Folium Murraya Koenigii (Jialiye), Rhizoma Arachis Hypogea (Huashenggen), Herba Houttuyniae (Yuxingcao), Epipremnum pinnatum (Pashulong), Rhizoma Typhonium Flagelliforme (Laoshuyu), Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis (Houpo) and Rhizoma Imperatae (Baimaogen) were investigated for their potential antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.ResultsExtracts of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis had the strongest activities against M. Smegmatis, C. albicans, B. subtilis and S. aureus. Boiled extracts of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, Folium Murraya Koenigii, Herba Polygonis Hydropiperis and Herba Houttuyniae demonstrated greater antioxidant activities than other tested medicinal plants.ConclusionAmong the eight tested medicinal plants, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis showed the highest antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Different methods of extraction yield different spectra of bioactivities.

Rapid and Simple Method for Quality Control of Raw Materials of Herbs by HSCCC

The component of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can be influenced by soils, climates, and growth stages. The quality of TCM mostly depends on the quality of the raw materials of the used herbs. A portable instrument and simple analysis method are urgently needed to be used for quality control of the raw herbs. In this study, analytical CCC (Model HS06) was applied to analyze three herbs including Fructus Arctii (Arctium lappa L.), Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis (Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils.), and Fructus Psoraleae (Psoralea corylitolia L.), which were collected from different growth locations. The results showed that analytical CCC gave similar resolution as preparative CCC. In this analytical CCC operation, the crude sample is loaded directly without any pre‐treatment, and only 1–10 mg sample is used for each injection. The separation time is often shorter than 1 hour and can compete with that of HPLC. HSCCC chromatograms can be used as the comparison patterns for the content control of the major bioactive compounds. The results demonstrated that it is feasible to control the raw herb's quality by analytical CCC.

Carbon nanotube/poly(methyl methacrylate) composite electrode for capillary electrophoretic measurement of honokiol and magnolol in Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis

This paper describes the development and the application of a novel carbon nanotube/poly(methyl methacrylate) (CNT/PMMA) composite electrode as a sensitive amperometric detector of CE. The composite electrode was fabricated on the basis of the in situ polymerization of a mixture of CNT and prepolymerized methylmethacrylate in the microchannel of a piece of fused-silica capillary under heat. The performance of this unique system has been demonstrated by separating and detecting honokiol and magnolol in traditional Chinese medicine, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis. Factors influencing their separation and detection processes were examined and optimized. Honokiol and magnolol were well separated within 7 min in a 40 cm long capillary at a separation voltage of 15 kV using a 50 mM borate buffer (pH 9.2). The new CNT-based CE detector offered significantly lower operating potentials, yielded substantially enhanced S/N characteristics, and exhibited resistance to surface fouling and hence enhanced stability. It demonstrated long-term stability and reproducibility with RSDs of less than 5% for the peak current (n = 9) and should also find a wide range of applications in microchip CE, flowing injection analysis, and other microfluidic analysis systems.

Determination of honokiol and magnolol in Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection

Capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection has been employed for the determination of honokiol and magnolol in Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis (i.e. Magnolia Bark) for the first time. Effects of several important factors such as the concentration and the acidity of the running buffer, separation voltage, injection time, and detection potential were investigated to acquire the optimum conditions. The detection electrode was a 300 μm diameter carbon disc electrode at a working potential of +0.90 V (versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE)). The two analytes can be well separated within 6 min in a 40 cm length fused silica capillary at a separation voltage of 18 kV in a 50 mM borate buffer (pH 9.2). The relation between peak current and analyte concentration was linear over about three orders of magnitude with the detection limits (S/N = 3) of 0.38 and 0.51 μM for honokiol and magnolol, respectively. The proposed method has been successfully applied to monitor the two bioactive constituents in the real plant samples with satisfactory assay results.

Inhibitory Effects of Magnolol on Distal Colon of Guinea Pig in Vitro

The influence of plant product magnolol (0-100 microM) on the contractile activity of isolated colonic muscle strips in guinea pig and related mechanism were investigated. Magnolol did not affect the base tone of colon muscle strips, but it dose-dependently inhibited 40 mM KCl-, 1 microM carbachol (CCh)- and 10 microM serotonin (5-HT)-induced contractions at concentrations higher than 10 microM. And also, magnolol inhibited the 5-HT- or CCh-induced muscle contraction in calcium-free buffer. Furthermore, magnolol inhibited the KCl-induced contraction under the condition of procaine. In addition, inhibition rate of nifedipine plus magnolol on muscle strips was lower than that of nifedipine alone. Moreover, magnolol dose-dependently decreased the velocity of pellet propulsion in the concentration range of 0.1-10 microM, and totally inhibited pellet propulsion at the concentration higher than 30 microM. Thus, it can be concluded that magnolol may 1) block receptor-operated cation channels and the voltage dependent Ca2+ channel, and 2) inhibit calcium release from the sarcolemmal membrane (SR) through blocking InsP3-sensitive and ryanodine-sensitive pathways. This explains, at least partially, that Cortex magnoliae officinalis exerts therapeutic effects on gastrointestinal disease through relaxation of GI tract smooth muscles.

Characterization of antioxidant and antiglycation properties and isolation of active ingredients from traditional chinese medicines

There is considerable interest in the isolation of more potent antioxidant compounds to treat diseases involving oxidative stress. Thirty-three traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) extracts were examined for their antioxidant activity using the 2,2′-azinobis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate] (ABTS) assay. Five extracts with high activity ( Cratoxylum cochinchinense, Cortex magnoliae officinalis, Psoralea corylifolia L, Curculigo orchioides Gaertn, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) were selected for further characterization. C. cochinchinense outperformed other extracts in most of the assays tested except phospholipid peroxidation inhibition, where P. corylifolia L showed higher activity. C. cochinchinense was particularly potent in inhibiting the formation of advanced glycation end products on proteins and strongly inhibited hypochlorous acid-induced DNA damage. We attempted to isolate the active ingredients from C. cochinchinense and obtained an extract (YCT) containing at least 90% mangiferin as identified by HPLC and mass spectrometry. However, YCT showed significantly higher activity in assays of phospholipid peroxidation, inhibition of protein glycation, and superoxide (O 2 − ) and peroxynitrite (ONOO −) scavenging, as compared with mangiferin, suggesting that the nonmangiferin constituents of YCT contribute to its additional antioxidant activities.

Isolation and purification of honokiol and magnolol from cortex Magnoliae officinalis by high-speed counter-current chromatography

High-speed counter-current chromatography was used to isolate and purify honokiol and magnolol from cortex Magnoliae Officinalis ( Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils.), a plant used in the traditional Chinese medicine. A crude sample, 150 mg, was successfully separated with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (1:0.4:1:0.4, v/v), and the fractions were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The separation produced 80 and 45 mg of honokiol and magnolol with purities of 99.2 and 98.2%, respectively, in 2.5 h.

Determination of volatile components in peptic powder by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and chemometric resolution

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) coupled with chemometric resolution upon two-dimensional data was proposed as a method for the analysis of volatile components in a traditional Chinese medicinal preparation peptic powder which contains Rhizoma Atractylodis, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis and Radix Glycyrrhizae. Ninety-three components were separated and 65 of them were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed which represented about 90.28% of the total content. With the help of chemometric resolution, the data were resolved into a pure chromatogram and a mass spectrum of each chemical component. The accuracy of qualitative and quantitative results was greatly improved by using the two-dimensional comprehensive information of chromatograms and mass spectra. The example showed that chemometric resolution could greatly enhance separation ability. This makes it possible to analyze complicated practical systems like traditional Chinese medicinal preparations with the help of coupled instruments and chemometric resolution methods.