Magnitude Of Coefficient Research Articles

The effect of sub-boiling temperatures on mass transfer from former manufactured gas plant residuals.

The dissolution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from coal tar at former manufactured gas plant (FMGP) sites is a long-term threat to groundwater quality. The dissolution rate is often limited by an increase in the viscosity of the non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) as the lower molecular weight compounds are depleted over time, and this slow mass transfer prevents the effective application of remediation technologies that rely on NAPL-to-water mass transfer to remove or degrade mass. Increasing subsurface temperatures has the potential to increase mass transfer at FMGP sites by increasing PAH solubility and reducing NAPL viscosity. This study investigated the mass transfer of PAH compounds from a synthetic NAPL mixture and FMGP residual at 25, 50 and 80°C using well-mixed batch experiments. Effective solubilities increased by up to an order of magnitude and mass transfer rate coefficients increased by up to a factor of 45. Enhancements were greater for higher molecular weight compounds, and for the more complex FMGP NAPL compared to the synthetic mixture due to a more substantial decrease in NAPL viscosity. Simulations using a screening-level model demonstrated the potential for sub-boiling temperature to increase NAPL mass removal at FMGP sites, with increases in concentration up to a factor of seven, and 6 to 87% of mass remaining after heating to 80°C for 120days compared to 25°C.

Spin-Orbit Coupling and Admixture Coefficients in SA-CASSCF and MS-CASPT2, and Triplet Excitation Yield Simulated via Trajectory Surface Hopping and Calibrated SA-CASSCF in 1,2-Dioxetane Derivatives.

The energy gaps, spin-orbit coupling (SOC), and admixture coefficients over a series of the configurations are evaluated by the SA-CASSCF/6-31G, SA-CASSCF/6-31G*, SA-CASSCF/ANO-RCC-VDZP, and MS-CASPT2/ANO-RCC-VDZP to reveal the extent of the inaccuracy of the SA-CASSCF. By comparing the mean absolute errors for the energy gaps and the admixture coefficient magnitudes (ACMs) measured between the SA-CASSCF/6-31G, SA-CASSCF/6-31G*, or SA-CASSCF/ANO-RCC-VDZP and the MS-CASPT2/ANO-RCC-VDZP, the SA-CASSCF/6-31G is selected as the electronic structure method in the nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulation. The major components of the ACMs of the SA-CASSCF/6-31G and MS-CASPT2/ANO-RCC-VDZP are identified and compared; we find that the ACMs are underestimated by the SA-CASSCF/6-31G, which is verified by the reasonable triplet quantum yield simulated by the trajectory surface hopping and the calibrated SA-CASSCF/6-31G. The magnitude of the singlet-triplet mixing positively correlates to the hopping probability between the mixed singlet and triplet states, which is confirmed by the computed S-T transition probability.

Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Onion (Allium cepa L.) for Green Foliage Yield

The present investigation was carried out during the year 2023-24 in the experimental field of Department of Vegetable Science at Pt. KLS College of Horticulture and Research Station, Rajnandgaon under Mahatma Gandhi University of Horticulture and Forestry, Sankra-Patan, Durg (C.G.). The experiment, consisting of 11 varieties of onion was laid under Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. High magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variance were observed for green foliage yield per hectare (33.71%), green foliage yield per plot (33.46%) and diameter of bulb (22.74%). High magnitude of genotypic coefficient of variance were observed for green foliage yield per hectare (32.31%) and green foliage yield per plot (32.02%). The estimates of heritability were recorded high for dry matter percentage of leaves (97.97%). High value of genetic advance as percentage of mean was recorded for green foliage yield per hectare (63.79%). Green foliage yield per hectare had highly significant and positive correlation both at genotypic and phenotypic level with green foliage yield per plant (0.787 and 0.649), dry matter percentage of leaves (0.794 and 0.748), plant height (0.746 and 0.577), length of leaves (0.659 and 0.589), collar girth (0.814 and 0.533), dry matter percentage of bulbs (0.721 and 0.693) and moisture percentage of bulbs (0.740 and 0.646). Path coefficient analysis revealed positive and direct effect of green foliage yield per hectare was recorded via length of leaves followed by dry matter percentage of leaves, moisture percentage of bulbs, plant height, collar girth, dry matter percentage of bulbs, leaves width, moisture percentage of leaves, green foliage yield per plant and no. of leaves per plant.

Negligible contribution of body density to in-water vertical jump performance in elite male water polo players.

The aim of this study was to investigate the associations among in-water vertical jump and various dry-land physical measures by taking the law of Archimedes into consideration, and by normalizing the dry-land measures both to body density and body mass. Seventeen elite water polo players from Hungarian first league were tested for dry-land counter movement and squat jump mechanical impulse, isometric squat force, and in-water vertical jump height. Body density was estimated by anthropometric measurements. Body density alone did not influence in-water vertical jump height. Both the impulse of counter movement jump normalized to body mass (9.42±0.86 N·s/kg) and impulse of counter movement jump normalized to body density (773.92±109.68 N·s/kg/g/cm3) correlated with the in water vertical jump height (69.37±6.12 cm) (p≤0.05), but the magnitudes of the correlation coefficients 0.49 vs. 0.50 were not statistically different (p = 0.480, z = 0.04). Neither the impulse of squat jump normalized to body mass (7.07±0.59 N·s/kg) nor impulse of squat jump normalized to body density (577.87±89.16 N·s/kg/g/cm3) correlated with the in water vertical jump height (both p>0.05). The correlation between the force of the maximum voluntary isometric contraction normalized to body density (1052.13±244.65 N/kg/g/cm3) and the in water vertical jump height only approached the level of significance (p = 0.077). We concluded that dry-land reactive strength determines the ability to jump out of water, but players' body density does not seem to contribute to jump height.

Time Domain and Qualitative Analysis of a Compact Asymmetrically Fed Circular UWB Antenna for WBAN Scenarios

This article presents about the design, time domain analysis and qualitative analysis of a circular monopole Ultra Wideband (UWB) antenna for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) applications. The size of the proposed antenna is 30 x 30 x 1 mm3. The proposed antenna provides Ultra wide bandwidth from 2 – 10 GHz and also complies with IEEE C95.3 safety standards. The simulated and measured results are close to each other with minimum deviations. To ensure proper and less distorted communication in real time scenarios, time domain analysis was done for free space, on body and off body conditions. The magnitude and phase of transmission coefficient (S21) were found to be consistent. The group delay was analyzed under free space, on &off body conditions whose variations are less than 0.5 ns in the entire UWB range. Fidelity factor was also analyzed for flat and bent conditions to ensure pulse similarity. Also to ensure the communication link quality, the obtained minimum path loss of 51.10 dB and maximum Received Signal Power of 0.17 dBm were found to be satisfactory warranting a good transmission and reception characteristics of the proposed antenna

Association of Blood Pressure and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Rates of Thinning in Patients with Moderate to Advanced Glaucoma.

Investigate the influence of baseline blood pressure (BP) on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) rates of change (RoC) in glaucoma patients with central damage or moderate to severe disease. Prospective cohort study. 110 eyes with ≥4 RNFL optical coherence tomography scans and ≥2 years of follow-up. Global RNFL RoC were modeled with a Bayesian hierarchical model with subject- and sector-level random effects. Influence of baseline systolic and diastolic BP measures and their interactions with intraocular pressure (IOP) on global RNFL rates of change was investigated in prognostic models adjusting for relevant baseline demographic and clinical measures. Magnitude and direction of coefficients for BP, IOP, and their interaction for prediction of global RNFL RoC. One-sided Bayesian p-values denote posterior probability that a regression coefficient is greater than or less than zero with p <0.025 or >0.975 defining significance. Average (SD) 24-2 visual field mean deviation (MD) at baseline, follow-up time, and number of OCT scans were -8.8 (6.0) dB, 4.3 (0.5) years, and 8.3 (1.4), respectively. In multivariable analyses, female sex, Hispanic ethnicity (vs. White ethnicity), better baseline 24-2 MD, higher contrast sensitivity at 12 cycles per degree, presence of diabetes, and thicker central corneal predicted faster RNFL thinning. Adjusted for covariates, lower diastolic BP combined with higher IOP predicted faster RNFL rates of change. Parallel multivariable models incorporating systolic BP showed similar effects. Among various BP/IOP combinations, eyes with IOP at the 90th percentile and diastolic (systolic) BP at 10th percentile demonstrated the fastest RNFL thinning rates (-0.554 and -0.539 μm/year). Low BP and higher IOP at baseline predicted faster (worse) RNFL rates of change in glaucoma patients with central damage or moderate to advanced disease. While there may be potential benefits to BP management in glaucoma patients, the therapeutic value of BP manipulation in glaucoma patients is yet to be established given the proven benefits of tight BP control in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora) genotypes evaluated for loose flower production

Abstract Twenty-five genotypes of chrysanthemum were evaluated for loose flower yield under open field conditions in a Completely Randomized Block Design during the year 2023-24 to ascertain their genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for various quantitative and qualitative qualities that can be used to choose parents. Analysis of variance exhibited noteworthy variation in the genetic potential of the genotypes for every trait under study. The magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) for each trait was discovered to be higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), which demonstrated an interaction between the genotype and environment. High (&gt;20%) PCV and GCV were noticed for all the traits evaluated in the present study. Heritability estimates ranged from a low 29.78% (stem diameter) to as high as 99.968% (flower diameter). High heritability (&gt;60%) was noted for each of the characteristics except stem diameter. All of the growth, flowering and yield examined, estimates of high heritability combined with high genetic advance as a percentage of mean (GAM) was found, suggesting that potential significance of additive gene action among the genotypes. Keywords: Chrysanthemum, Genetic variability (GCV, PCV), Heritability, Genetic advance (GAM)

Child Work in Developing Countries: Revisiting the Differences and Similarities Between Income-Generating and Care and Domestic Work

Child work is still widely prevalent in many countries: it refers to both income-generating activities and unpaid care and domestic activities. However, the existing literature and international statistical standards either aggregate these two forms of work or focus exclusively on income-generating work. In this paper, we show the differences and similarities in the prevalence and determinants of paid and unpaid child work using data from nationally representative household surveys for 34 developing countries, representing over 900 million people. We find that across countries, care and domestic work is more prevalent among children and adolescents aged five to 17 years, but less intensive than income-generating work. The age and sex of the child matters. Gender is diametrically associated to the two forms of work, while the likelihood of both increases with age. We observe variation in the sign and magnitude of caregiver and household-level coefficients between countries, however in most countries household composition factors proxying care supply have opposite effects on the two forms of child work, while household infrastructure affects both forms of work in the same direction. The findings call for distinctly measuring the two forms of child work and addressing their respective determinants through context-specific interventions.

Assessing the Direct Impact of Death on Discrete Choice Experiment Utilities.

The dead state can affect the value sets derived from discrete choice experiments (DCEs). Our aim was to empirically assess the direct impact of the immediate death state on health utilities using discrete choice experiment with time (DCETTO). A sample of the general population in Quebec, Canada, completed two approaches: DCETTO followed by a best-worst scaling with time (BWSTTO) (hereafter referred to as DCEBWS), versus DCETTO followed by the dominated option and the immediate death state (hereafter referred to as DCEDOD), both designed with the SF-6Dv2. In DCEBWS, all participants first completed 10 DCETTO choices (i.e., option A vs B), followed by 3 BWSTTO. In DCEDOD, the same participants first completed the same 10 DCETTO choices, followed by a repeated choice between the dominated option (i.e., A or B) and the immediate death state. A conditional logit model was used to estimate value sets. The performance of models was assessed using goodness of fit using Bayesian information criterion, parameters' logical consistency, and levels' significance. The direct impact of the death state on DCE latent utilities was evaluated by examining the magnitude of coefficients, assessing the agreement among the value sets estimated by DCETTO with DCEBWS and with DCEDOD using Bland-Altman plots, the proportion of worst-than-dead(WTD) health states, and analyzing the range of estimated values. From 398 participants, a total of 348 participants were included for final analysis. The number of parameters with illogical consistency and non-significant coefficients was lower in DCEBWS. The observed consistency in the relative importance of dimensions across all approaches suggests a stable and reliable ranking. The utility range for DCEDOD (-0.921 to 1) was narrower than for DCETTO (-1.578 to 1) and DCEBWS (-1.150 to 1). The DCEDOD estimated a lower percentage of WTD health states (20.01 %) compared to DCETTO (47.19 %) and DCEBWS (33.73 %). The agreement between DCETTO and DCEBWS was slightlystronger than between DCETTO and DCEDOD, and the mean utility values were higher in DCEDOD than in DCEBWS. The inclusion of the immediate death state directly within DCE increased utility values. This increase was higher when the immediate death was included in a sequence within a DCETTO (i.e., DCEDOD) than when it was included in a continuum of DCETTO (i.e., DCEBWS). The use of DCEDOD was potentially better suited to incorporate the dead state into a DCE.

Experimental Study: Stress Path Coefficient in Unconsolidated Sands: Effects of Re-Pressurization and Depletion Hysteresis

Accurate estimation of in-situ stresses is a critical parameter for geo-mechanical modelling. In-situ stresses are estimated in the field from logs and frac tests. Laboratory tests are performed with cored material to estimate horizontal stress changes under defined boundary conditions to complement field data. Horizontal stress path coefficient is used to estimate a change in in-situ stresses as the reservoir undergoes depletion or injection. Uniaxial Strain boundary conditions are representative of far field stress state. The laboratory data provides the change in horizontal stress with a change in pore pressure. It is used to complement the field data acquisition of absolute stress values to predict the value of total stresses. This experimental study provides a novel method of simulating geological compaction for fabricating representative samples from unconsolidated sands. It investigates the variability of horizontal stress path coefficient as a function of changing pore pressure (depressurization and re-pressurization) in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs. Synthetic sandstones samples were made from sand packs by consolidating them under an isostatic stress path at ambient pore pressure. After getting to initial reservoir conditions, a series of pore pressure depletion and injection tests with varying magnitudes (injection and depletion) were performed to study the effects of stress path direction and associated hysteresis. The magnitude of the stress path coefficient under depletion is lower than that under injection for the first load-unload cycle. In subsequent load-unload cycles, the stress path coefficient values remain constant until the sample is depleted to a new level of pore pressure. A Modified Cam Clay model is fit to the data to map the expansion of the yield surface and quantify the model parameters. Application of this research includes accurate prediction of changes in-situ stresses during depletion and injection stress paths for simulating unconsolidated reservoirs behavior under fluid injection or further depletion.

The role of acculturative stress and self-construal in maladaptive eating behaviors among female young adults in diverse college settings.

This cross-sectional study investigated the role of acculturative stress and self-construal (i.e., how individuals define themselves in relation to others in social environments) in maladaptive eating among female college students. Participants were 446 female young adults (Mage=20.38, SD=1.75; MBMI=23.42, SD=4.62) who completed online questionnaires. Structural equation modeling results showed that acculturative stress was related to higher disinhibited eating even when accounting for traditional theoretical risk factors (i.e., body dissatisfaction, perceived sociocultural pressures on body image, and general stress) and potential confounders (i.e., age, BMI, SES, ethnic backgrounds, and birthplace). Furthermore, independent self-construal (i.e., when individuals see themselves as autonomous, prioritizing personal goals and uniqueness over social relationships) moderated this association. When independent self-construal was higher, the magnitude of the regression coefficient between acculturative stress and disinhibited eating was smaller. Given the increasing diversity within U.S. higher education, eating behavior theories should consider integrating acculturative stress to improve inclusiveness. College psychological services should tailor prevention and treatment strategies for maladaptive eating to address acculturative stress, while also promoting an environment that supports healthy, independent self-construal.

Design and optimization of flexible DGS-based microstrip antenna for wearable devices in the Sub-6 GHz range using the nelder-mead simplex algorithm

This study introduces a Nelder-Mead Simplex Algorithm based low-profile, flexible, and wearable defected ground structure (DGS)-loaded deformed microstrip antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5 G applications. It is fabricated on a low-loss 20 mil Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate and the antenna demonstrates robust performance with reflection coefficient magnitude (|S11|) of –22.34 dB with peak gain of about 5.57 dBi at resonant frequency (fr) of 2.185 GHz. Comprehensive key performance metrics such as |S11|, far-field gain patterns, and specific absorption rate (SAR) of the proposed antenna is demonstrated. The SAR for 1 g and 10 g tissues at various separation distances are analyzed and presented by utilizing human multilayer phantom model with antenna. Additionally, the lowest SAR is measured to be 0.0959 W/kg for 1 g of tissue and 0.0755 W/kg for 10 g of tissue when the antenna is placed 0.291λ0 away from the model. The study also explores the proposed antenna performance under various bending conditions for the conformability analysis and in different on-body scenarios, with placement on the hand, leg, and chest. The measured |S11| values, particularly strong on the chest, underscore the antenna effectiveness for wearable technology.

The video analysis of an unbalanced fidget spinner

Abstract In this work, we propose an experiment with an unbalanced spinner, where one of its six arms (or lobes) was removed. The spinner was placed on a glass table on its body (base) in initial rotation. Its movement was filmed with a smartphone camera at 240 fps (720p HD), and the video was analyzed using the free Tracker software. The main results were (i) Showing that the rotation of the spinner no longer occurs around a fixed axis that passes through its center of mass (CM) but instead around a new axis, displaced in relation to the former main symmetry axis. (ii) Characterize the spinner’s movement on the table until it comes to rest for three points: its CM, the geometric center of its cylindrical body, and an arbitrary point on the arm opposite the removed one. (iii) Obtain an estimate of the magnitude of the maximum static friction coefficient between the glass and the spinner body surface.

A Comparative Analysis on Ecological Footprint of Consumption and Import in Premature Deindustrialized Countries

This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the ecological footprint of consumption and import as indicators of environmental degradation in premature deindustrialized countries. Using advanced Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) analysis, we examined a panel of 27 countries from 1991 to 2021. The main findings indicate that income, income inequality, and industrialization are positively correlated with the ecological footprint stemming from consumption, but an increase in the share of renewable energy consumption exhibits a mitigation effect. The ecological footprint stemming from imports, on the other hand, is exacerbated by income, industrialization, de facto trade globalization, and democracy, whereas it is negatively affected by the higher share of renewable energy consumption. Importantly, MMQR analysis reveals that the effect of each independent variable is non-linear, with the magnitude of coefficients varying across different quantiles of the ecological footprint of both consumption and import. From a policy standpoint, effective mitigation of different aspects of environmental degradation requires prioritization of income redistribution, the promotion of green industrialization, and the enhancement of renewable energy adoption, as well as careful management of trade globalization and democratic governance in premature deindustrialized countries.

Do Teachers have in-group Bias about Student Caste and Socioeconomic Status in India?

This article studies the extent of teacher’s in-group bias in occupational expectations and grading on the basis of a student’s caste and socioeconomic status. The article adopts an experimental approach and draws on data generated from 122 teachers from 19 schools in Delhi, India. The caste and socio-economic status of students were randomly assigned to a set of essays written by them such that the assigned characteristics were not related to essay quality. The results show that high caste teachers hold higher occupational expectations from their in-group category and are biased against the low caste category. For instance, high caste teachers assign 0.53 per cent or 0.019 points higher occupational expectations to high caste students and assign 5.6 per cent or 0.19 points lower occupational expectations to low caste students. The magnitude of coefficients is small but significant at 5 per cent level (P value&lt;0.005). In terms of marks assigned, results show, that high caste teachers assign 2.36 points or 3.22 per cent higher marks when the assigned characteristics belong to a high caste; indicating in-group bias/favor for the same caste. The coefficient is positive and significant at 5 per cent level (P- value &lt; 0.05). In contrast, high caste teachers are shown to be biased against low caste students as they assign 2.41 points or 3.41 per cent lower marks when the assigned characteristics is a low caste. Given the ultra-competitive nature of schooling in India and the importance of grades in determining access to higher education in India, even a point disadvantage is substantial.

The reflection of a planar impulsive shock wave at a liquid–gas interface

The reflection of a shock pulse at a liquid–gas interface occurs in many applications, from lithotripsy to underwater explosions and additive manufacturing. In linear theory, reflection and transmission at an interface depend only on the impedance difference, but this does not hold for a nonlinear pulse. This work develops an analytical framework for computing the reflection and transmission coefficients for an impulsive shock wave at a liquid–gas interface. The problem is treated analytically by considering idealised pulses and solving a series of consecutive Riemann problems. These correspond to the initial interaction with the interface and important subsequent wave interactions that enable a complete description of the process to be obtained. Comparisons with numerical and existing analytical approaches are made for the case of a water–air interface. In the acoustic limit, the method produces results identical to those of linear acoustic theory. As the pulse strength increases, the proposed method agrees well with numerical simulation results, whereas existing analytical methods that consider only the interface fail. We detail how a reflecting pulse can put water into tension without any incident negative pressure. It is further shown that the magnitude of the reflection coefficient decreases with increasing incident shock pressure, and the reflected pulse widens. Reflections of pulses with positive and negative pressures temporarily create negative pressure regions with greater magnitude than the incident pulse. Finally, we consider non-idealised waves. Comparisons with simulations show that the reflection characteristics can be explained qualitatively using the analytical method, and the reflection coefficients are predicted accurately.

MICROWAVE REFLECTOMETRY CIRCUITS INTEGRATION WITH COAXIAL PROBE FOR INITIAL BREAST TUMOR DETECTION

A six-port reflectometry (SPR) system was developed to predict the dielectric properties of both tumor and normal breast tissue, intended for medical diagnostic applications. Ensuring precise measurements, the SPR underwent calibration using a well-established four-step procedure, which will be briefly outlined. Afterward, the investigated coaxial probe was connected to the SPR through the calibrated measurement port. Subsequently, the exposed end of the probe aperture was immersed into synthetic samples representing both healthy and cancerous breast tissue to assess the dielectric constant, εrʹ and loss factor, εrʺ across frequencies ranging from 1.5 GHz to 3.3 GHz. The dielectric constant, εrʹ and loss factor, εrʺ were derived from the measured reflection coefficient using a closed-form equation associated with the coaxial probe. An examination was undertaken to compare the performance of a commercially available vector network analyzer (VNA) outfitted with a Keysight 85070E dielectric probe against an SPR-probe system. The comparison was based on analyzing the reflection coefficient magnitude, phase shift, dielectric constant, and loss factor of synthetic breast tissue samples. The study revealed maximum absolute errors of 0.01, 1.07°, 1.12, and 0.75 for the measured reflection coefficient magnitude, phase shift, dielectric constant, and loss factor, respectively. The calibrated reflection coefficient and predicted relative permittivity, εr can be effectively utilized to distinguish between normal (εrʹ &lt; 50) and tumor (εrʹ &gt; 50) breast tissue.

Design and Equivalent Circuit Model Extraction of a Fractal Slot-Loaded 3–40 GHz Super Wideband Antenna

In this paper, we present the design and equivalent circuit model (ECM) of a fractal slot-loaded super wideband (SWB) antenna for compact and high-performance applications operating in the 3–40 GHz range. The proposed antenna features a compact dimension of 40 × 35 × 1.57 mm³, a measured bandwidth ratio of 13:1, a peak gain of 9.7 dBi, an average radiation efficiency of 94%, and a low cross-polarization level across the entire bandwidth. The presented ECM is derived using transmission line theory and incorporates the individual behavior of each constituting element of the antenna. A dual sequential optimization approach is employed to determine the optimal element values. The ECM results show good agreement with both simulated and measured results in terms of the magnitude of reflection coefficient |S11| and both real and imaginary impedances with low mean absolute percentage errors of 4.9%, 7.5%, and 7.7%, respectively, demonstrating the model’s ability to accurately predict the antenna’s performance.

Unraveling the Nexus of Industrialization, Human Development, Democracy, Trade Openness, and Renewable Energy in EU Environmental Degradation

This study aims to unveil the effects of industrialization, human development, compliance with the rule of law, and renewable energy on CO2 emissions and the ecological footprint of consumption in EU countries over the 1990-2022 period. The empirical findings, based on the MMQR analysis, reveal that the magnitudes of coefficients between factors affecting CO2 emissions and the ecological footprint vary. Industrialization and human development are the main contributors to environmental degradation, while renewable energy use consistently mitigates environmental degradation across all quantiles. Trade openness also mitigates CO2 emissions in all quantiles with a diminishing trend, but the same correlation is only observed in the lowest quantile for the model with ecological footprint. Compliance with the rule of law has a statistically insignificant effect on the ecological footprint; however, in the lowest quantile of CO2 (0.1), the rule of law exacerbates CO2 emissions, whereas in the highest quantile, it has a mitigating effect. While industrialization and human development contribute to both dimensions of environmental degradation, the different impacts of trade openness and the compliance with the rule of law underscore the need for specific strategies in designing policies to mitigate CO2 and ecological footprints from a policy perspective.

Super‐Absorber, Super‐Bright, Nearly‐Non‐Blinking CsPbI3 Perovskite Nanocrystal

AbstractGigantic magnitude of molar extinction coefficient (ɛ) (≈2 × 108 m−1 cm−1) and PLQY (0.98) through Zn‐alloying and surface‐passivating ligand variation, make the CsPbI3 based perovskite nanocrystal (PNC) the most super‐absorbing and most super‐bright among quantum dot‐PNC family. Radiative rate got enhanced 9 times and non‐radiative rate decreased 13 times. Moreover, very high (detrapping rate/trapping rate) of electron and 90% peak of ON fraction make this PNC a nearly‐non‐blinking one. Ultrafast and comparatively shorter hot exciton/electron cooling time (536 fs) and hot exciton/electron trapping time (516 fs) can explain why this PNC exhibits hitherto unobserved excellent optical properties.