Magnification System Research Articles

Initial Experience With Ultra-High-Definition 3D Exoscope in Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery.

Operation with a 3D exoscope has recently been introduced in clinical practice. The exoscope consists of two cameras placed in front of the operative field. Images are shown on a large 3D screen with high resolution. The system can be used to enhance precise dissection and provides new possibilities for improved ergonomics, fluorescence, and other optical-guided modalities. Initial experience with the ultra-high-definition (4K) 3D exoscope in thyroid and parathyroid operations. The exoscope (OrbEyeTM) was mounted on a holding system (Olympus). We used the exoscope in parathyroidectomy (N = 6) and thyroidectomy (N = 6). Immediate advantages and disadvantages were discussed and recorded. The learning curve for use of the exoscope may be shorter for surgeons with training in endoscopic or robotic procedures. There may be improved ergonomics compared with normal open-neck operations. Further, the optical guided operations can be used with fluorescence and have potential for different on-lay techniques in the future. The 4K 3D image quality is state-of-art and is highly appreciated during fine surgical dissection and eliminates the need for loupes. In several ways, using the ORBEYE™ in thyroid and parathyroid surgery provides the surgical team with a new and enhanced experience. This includes improved possibility for teaching, surgical ergonomics, and a 4K 3D camera with a powerful magnification system. However, it is not clear if utilization of these features would improve surgical outcomes. Furthermore, the ORBEYE™ lacks incorporation of parathyroid autofluorescence, and the current costs for the system do not facilitate general access to exoscope assisted operations.

Design of a Continuous-Zoom 2D/3D Microscope with High Zoom Ratio and Full Field of View

A four-group mechanically compensated continuous-zoom microscope is proposed and designed based on the theory of continuous zoom. The system addresses the limitations of traditional continuous-zoom microscopes, including a small zoom ratio, a short working distance, and the loss of details during 2D–3D switching. The system has a magnification of 0.6×~6.0× under two-dimensional observation, adapts to two-third-inch sensors, has a working distance of 130 mm, and adds a 360-degree rotatable beamsplitter for three-dimensional full-field-of-view observation. The magnification, numerical aperture, and sensor dimensions remain unchanged under both two-dimensional and three-dimensional observation. The design results demonstrate that the system is capable of achieving a high zoom ratio of 10× while maintaining a high level of imaging quality in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional modes. The MTF curves for each magnification are in close proximity to the diffraction limit, the spot diagrams are smaller than the airy disk range, and the zoom cam curves are smooth with no inflection points. Furthermore, the system negates the visual discrepancies and loss of detail that arise when switching observation modes due to alterations in system magnification and numerical aperture, thereby broadening the scope of applications for continuous-zoom microscopes.

Nanosecond Laser Fabrication of Dammann Grating-like Structure on Glass for Bessel-Beam Array Generation

The generation of optical beam arrays with prospective uses within the realms of microscopy, photonics, non-linear optics, and material processing often requires Dammann gratings. Here, we report the direct fabrication of one- and two-dimensional Dammann grating-like structures on soda lime glass using a nanosecond pulsed laser beam with a 1064 nm wavelength. Using the fabricated grating, an axicon lens, and an optical magnification system, we propose a scheme of generation of a diverging array of zero-order Bessel beams with a sub-micron-size central core, extending longitudinally over several hundred microns. Two different grating fabrication strategies are also proposed to control the number of Bessel beams in an array. It was demonstrated that Bessel beams of 12 degrees conical half-angle in an array of up to [5 × 5] dimensions can be generated using a suitable combination of Dammann grating, axicon lens and focusing optics.

The effect of Galilean magnification loupes on the visual acuity and working distance of dental students.

This study aimed to evaluate the visual acuity and working distance of dental students using Galilean loupes at different magnification levels. The participants included 50 undergraduate dentistry students selected from each class in the second to fifth years (N=200) of São Paulo State University, School of Dentistry, Araraquara. The response variables were (i) the working distance between the operator's eyes and the mouth of the dental phantom head, and (ii) visual acuity. The independent variables were the five levels of the Galilean magnification system (naked eye, Galilean loupe simulator without magnification, and Galilean loupes with 2.5×, 3.0×, or 3.5× magnification) and academic year. Visual acuity was measured using a miniature Snellen eye chart inserted into the Class I cavities of the maxillary molars. After verifying the assumptions of normality and sphericity, a mixed repeated measures analysis was performed (α=0.05). Statistical significance was found between the "magnification system" and "academic year" for visual acuity (p<0.001). For the second-, fourth-, and fifth-year participants, there were no significant differences in visual acuity between the naked eye and different magnifications of the Galilean loupes, which were superior to and significantly different from that of the loupe simulator. For the working distance, statistical significance was observed in the interaction between "magnification system" and "academic year" (p=0.008). For the third-, fourth-, and fifth-year participants, there was no significant difference in the working distance between the naked eye and different magnifications of the Galilean loupes, which were superior to and significantly different from that of the simulator. It was concluded that the different magnification levels of the Galilean loupes did not influence the visual acuity or distance between the eyes of the operator and the mouth of the dental phantom head in the evaluated students.

High-resolution non-line-of-sight imaging based on liquid crystal planar optical elements

Abstract Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging aims at recovering hidden objects located beyond the traditional line of sight, with potential applications in areas such as security monitoring, search and rescue, and autonomous driving. Conventionally, NLOS imaging requires raster scanning of laser pulses and collecting the reflected photons from a relay wall. High-time-resolution detectors obtain the flight time of photons undergoing multiple scattering for image reconstruction. Expanding the scanning area while maintaining the sampling rate is an effective method to enhance the resolution of NLOS imaging, where an angle magnification system is commonly adopted. Compared to traditional optical components, planar optical elements such as liquid crystal, offer the advantages of high efficiency, lightweight, low cost, and ease of processing. By introducing liquid crystal with angle magnification capabilities into the NLOS imaging system, we successfully designed a large field-of-view high-resolution system for a wide scanning area and high-quality image reconstruction. Furthermore, in order to reduce the long data acquisition time, a sparse scanning method capitalizing on the correlation between measurement data to reduce the number of sampling points is thus proposed. Both the simulation and experiment results demonstrate a &gt;20 % reduction in data acquisition time while maintaining the exact resolution.

Can the exoscope be a game-changer for cleft palate surgery?

Cleft palate surgery represents a challenge for cleft surgeons, due to functional implications of an adequate reconstruction of the palate in a narrow operative field [1] Levites H.A. Sergesketter A.R. Sharif-Askary B. Hollenbeck S.T. Allori A.C. Marcus J.R. Videoscope-Assisted Cleft Palate Surgery: Rationale, Experience, and Technical Implementation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020 Nov; 146: 1129-1132https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000007291 Crossref Scopus (2) Google Scholar . Surgical loupes remain the mostly used magnification system for soft palate repair all over the world, with some drawbacks: restricted magnification capacity, offering a poor ergonomic posture, and limited surgical staff involvement. Furthermore, it is estimated that about 83% of cleft surgeons suffer from work-related musculoskeletal disorders and palate surgery can be considered one of the most uncomfortable procedures [1] Levites H.A. Sergesketter A.R. Sharif-Askary B. Hollenbeck S.T. Allori A.C. Marcus J.R. Videoscope-Assisted Cleft Palate Surgery: Rationale, Experience, and Technical Implementation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020 Nov; 146: 1129-1132https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000007291 Crossref Scopus (2) Google Scholar . The introduction of the microscope [2] Sommerlad B.C. The use of the operating microscope for cleft palate repair and pharyngoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003 Nov; 112: 1540-1541https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PRS.0000085598.26409 Crossref PubMed Scopus (0) Google Scholar for the video-assistance of cleft palate surgery offered stereoscopic vision with higher magnification capabilities, a better ergonomic position and, by connecting a monitor, a better involvement of the surgical staff. However, its use in pediatric transoral surgery presents some difficulties in terms of adaption and challenging setting: for these reasons, the microscope is widely used only for dissection of the muscular plane, limiting its advantages and increasing the surgical times with its setting and dismissal.

Super-resolution model-based iterative reconstruction for lens-coupled micro-CT imaging

Lens-coupled high-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) uses a visible light magnification system behind the x-ray path to achieve higher resolution imaging than conventional micro-CT. However, the spatial resolution is theoretically limited by optical diffraction and mechanical control precision. As a result, the current system resolution is still insufficient for some applications, such as the imaging of biological materials whose structures are on the nanometer scale. To overcome this limitation, a super-resolution algorithm can be employed to improve the image resolution beyond the theoretical upper bound of the ideal spatial resolution of the system. In this work, a super-resolution model-based iterative reconstruction (SR-MBIR) algorithm is proposed based on a lens-coupled high-resolution micro-CT system and a high-precision nano-stage attached to the rotation stage of the system. The algorithm employs a scanning program that dithers the object via the nano-stage to obtain multiple sets of projection images with sub-pixel information. The blur and noise statistical models are introduced into the physical model for iterative reconstruction, allowing for super-resolution, deblurring, and noise suppression. The results of simulation data and actual data show that the SR-MBIR algorithm has a prominent effect in improving image resolution. The reconstructed images have sharper edges, better details, higher signal-to-noise ratio, and can effectively suppress the systematic blur and noise in the imaging process, thus achieving superior interior reconstruction quality.

High-Definition 3D Exoscope-Assisted Barbed Pharyngoplasty for OSAS and Snoring: Better Than Live

Recently, a high-definition 3D exoscope (VITOM), a new magnification system that provides a 3D image of the surgical field, has been introduced. This study aims to describe the first use of VITOM 3D technology in Barbed Pharyngoplasty (BP) for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). VITOM 3D technology is used to support visualization during BP in a male patient affected by severe OSA with a circular palatal collapse pattern at drug-induced sleep endoscopy. During the surgical procedure, this approach markedly improves the visualization of the surgical field through anatomic details of the oral cavity, facilitating surgical dissection and enhancing the teaching environment. It allows for a better involvement and more interactions during the surgery, as scrubbed and assistant nurses can see the surgical field and anticipate the surgeon's choice of instrument. VITOM 3D technology, by combining a telescope with a standard endoscope, has been successfully used in various surgical disciplines and could be very useful, especially in teaching hospitals. VITOM 3D can guarantee "a real immersive" surgical experience for all participants in the operating room. Economic and efficacy studies would be conducted to support the use of a VITOM-3D exoscope in common clinical practice.

Scintillation event localization in hemi-ellipsoid detector for SPECT, a simulation study using Geant4 Monte-Carlo

Purpose: a high sensitivity Cardiac SPECT system using curved crystals with pinhole collimation was proposed previously (Dey, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 59 (2012) 334). Using hemi-ellipsoid CsI crystals, in simulations, the system improved sensitivity by a factor of 3 over newer generation SPECT systems (DSPECT or GE Discovery) while keeping the resolution comparable (Bhusal et al., Med. Phys. 46 (2018) 116). In this work, we hypothesize that the high curvature detector results in measurable differences in light distribution from events at different depths in the crystal. We rigorously test this by analyzing the scintillation light using Monte-Carlo (Geant4) and propose a statistical event localization method in a hemi-ellipsoid detector. We evaluate the localization error of the algorithm and the back-projected errors in object space. Methods: to develop this localization capability for the proposed design, we used Geant4 to simulate the propagation of scintillation light in a monolithic hemi-ellipsoidal CsI crystal. A look-up table (LUT) was created to map the points inside the crystal to the expected light pattern on the crystal surface using the Geant4 simulation data. Thirteen zones were considered across the crystal. In each zone, gamma-rays were simulated and the resulting photon intensity on the surface was captured, serving as our experimental interactions. An algorithm based on Poisson statistics was developed to limit the search of the experimental gamma-ray event locations into smaller regions of the LUT. The localization was fine-tuned by comparing the light distribution of the gamma interactions in selected patterns from the LUT points and then recorded. The algorithm-localized gamma-ray events were also individually back-projected to the object mid-plane, (expected mid-plane of the heart), and the error at the plane was recorded as well. Results: the light patterns of adjacent LUT points showed visually discernible differences. Excluding some outliers (up to 2%), the localized errors averaged over all the zones was 0.71 (±0.44) mm with a worse case of 1.36 (± 0.67) mm at the apex. Moreover, when back-projected to the midplane of the region of interest for Cardiac SPECT, the errors were <1 mm due to the high system magnification afforded by the apex and other zones. The average back-projection error at the mid-plane of the object was 0.4 mm±0.22 mm. Conclusion: we modeled gamma-event interactions and scintillation light spread in CsI hemi-ellipsoid detector and developed a robust statistical algorithm that localized scintillation events to within 0.71 (±0.44) mm on the average within a hemi-ellipsoid CsI detector. Moreover, due to the high system magnification afforded by the crystal, the hemi-ellipsoid unit was capable of achieving <1 mm average localization in the object space, assuming perfect pinhole collimator resolution recovery. Thus, we show that this high sensitivity system will be able to deliver images with high resolution for Cardiac SPECT. In the future, the application of this may be extended to Brain SPECT and small animal imaging.

Wide range retina-like scanning based on liquid crystal optical phased array

A retina-like scanning method based on liquid crystal optical phased array (LCOPA) is proposed to improve field of view and efficiency. The functions of human retina, lens and fovea gaze control are achieved with optimized designed scanning strategy. Beam splitting method and angular magnification system are used to meet the requirements of the efficient scanning and large FOV. The models are verified by several experiments and the results show that the scanning performance well with the flexible retina-like strategy, especially for eccentric fovea. The scanning FOV is magnified 2.2 times and the average scanning error is less than 5%.

Magnification effect on fine motor skills of dental students.

ObjectivesThis study observed the effect of different magnification systems on dental students’ real and perceived fine motor skills.MethodsThis was a laboratory-based experimental study. Students in the fifth year of an undergraduate dentistry program (N = 92) participated in this study. The dependent variables were real motor skills, perceived motor skills and time required to complete the fine motor skills test. The independent variable was the use of a magnification system under four conditions. For each condition, the Dental Manual Dexterity Assessment was performed, which consisted of inserting the #3195FF bur into targets positioned on a Styrofoam plate. The accuracy of each penetration of the targets was scored, using a point system with a maximum possible score of 246 points. Students’ perceived fine motor skills were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) that ranged from zero for no skills to ten for maximum skills. A descriptive statistical analysis and the repeated measures ANOVA were performed (α = 0.05).ResultsThe Galilean and Keplerian loupes were found to positively affect students’ real fine motor skills (p<0.01); however, perceived fine motor skills and time were significantly better (p<0.01) under the naked eye.ConclusionsDental students’ real fine motor skills were better when Galilean and Keplerian loupes were used, but the perceived fine motor skills were not.

Characterization of a large-area full-field X-ray fluorescence imaging system based on a commercial full-frame CMOS camera

A new large-area and low-cost full-field X-ray fluorescence imaging system was developed for simultaneous mapping of several chemical elements. It consists of a commercially available full-frame visible-light CMOS digital camera coupled to a tungsten pinhole-collimator. The X-ray fluorescence is produced by irradiating the sample with an external X-ray tube. The system magnification can be continuously adjusted from 0.55 to 1.43 by changing the position of the pinhole in the collimator. To allow X-ray sensitivity, the glass window of the CMOS sensor was removed and the front glass cover of the camera was replaced by an X-ray window. The x-ray spectra and 2D X-ray fluorescence images of different elements are obtained by processing a series of images acquired in a spectroscopy mode using the CMOS camera. The camera is able to resolve fluorescence lines up to 22 keV, with an energy resolution of 213 eV at 6.4 keV. The experimental spatial resolution is 105 μm when using a 90 μm pinhole at 1.43× magnification. The capabilities of the system in performing the 2D resolved X-ray fluorescence imaging were investigated by testing samples of different materials and geometries. The obtained X-ray fluorescence spectra and images show that the system is able to accurately identify the presence of several different elements and visualize their spatial distributions.

Soliton Burst and Bi‐Directional Switching in the Platform with Positive Thermal‐Refractive Coefficient Using an Auxiliary Laser

AbstractDissipative Kerr solitons in optical microresonators enable the generation of stable ultrashort pulses and phase‐locked frequency combs, leading to their widespread applications. For traditional platforms with positive thermal‐refractive coefficient, strong thermal effect increases the difficulties of soliton triggering and prohibits the deterministic control of soliton number. Here, using an auxiliary laser to tune thermal effect, soliton burst and bi‐directional switching are demonstrated in high‐index doped silica glass platform. First, by varying the parameters of the auxiliary laser, the thermal effect tuning of the microresonator is studied with different thermal compensation states achieved, leading to distinct soliton switching features. Especially, the solitons burst and bi‐directional switch in over‐compensated state. The corresponding process is recorded in real time based on a temporal magnification system, uncovering transient dynamics from continuum background noise to soliton formation. Finally, the deterministic generation of solitons is enabled with controllable soliton number spanning from 1 to 21. The present work provides insight into soliton dynamics and enables soliton generation on demand with a large range of soliton numbers inside a single device.

Observation of Stage Position in a 2-Axis Nano-positioner Using Hybrid Kalman Filter

This paper presents a novel method for observation of the stage position in a 2D Nano-positioning system based on a hybrid Kalman filter. In the proposed method, there is no need to measure the stage position directly using complex and costly capacity sensors. Instead, by using traditional piezo actuators equipped with strain gauge sensors, the deflection of the magnification system at the position of actuators is measured. Then, by employing a powerful estimation algorithm named as Kalman filter, the displacements of the stage are observed. The designed hybrid Kalman filter uses dynamical equations of motion in the prediction step. The piezo actuators deflections are measured and exploited to correct the predicted values for the system state variables. In order to simulate realistic conditions, a relatively exact COMSOL model has been developed for the nano-positioner where noise has been added to the piezo displacements obtained by simulating this model and these noisy data are used as measurements in the Kalman filter algorithm. The designed hybrid Kalman filter is examined for three different updating time steps. The results show that the designed Kalman filter appropriately estimates the stage displacements, and its accuracy is improved when the filter time step reduces.

Signal Extraction, Transformation, and Magnification for Ultrasensitive and Specific Detection of Nucleic Acids.

Nucleic acid noises caused by the background and nonspecificity amplifications can jeopardize accurate polymerization and detection of nucleic acids, especially when they are analyzed in low copies. We hypothesize to reduce the noises by designing a system for specific signal extraction, transformation, and magnification to improve the specificity and sensitivity. Herein, by developing an extractor-trigger complex (ET-Combo) for the system, we have established isothermal and hybridizing combined amplifications: a one-pot detection system with two-step amplification coupled by ET-Combo. To our surprise, the signal extraction is only successful when ET-Combo is included in the first amplification. Our signal extracting, filtering, and relaying system with ET-Combo is rapid and specific, removing the noises generated during the isothermal amplification under elevated temperatures. To match the first amplification, we have designed and established a hybridizing chain reaction at high temperature. This one-pot system can resist disruption of background noises and allow detection of DNA up to five copies (single digit). With the high sensitivity, specificity, and noise resistance, our system has been successfully used to diagnose clinical samples of human papillomavirus (HPV) with the genotyping specificity.

Laboratory-Based Nano-Computed Tomography and Examples of Its Application in the Field of Materials Research

In a comprehensive study, we demonstrate the performance and typical application scenarios for laboratory-based nano-computed tomography in materials research on various samples. Specifically, we focus on a projection magnification system with a nano focus source. The imaging resolution is quantified with common 2D test structures and validated in 3D applications by means of the Fourier Shell Correlation. As representative application examples from nowadays material research, we show metallization processes in multilayer integrated circuits, aging in lithium battery electrodes, and volumetric of metallic sub-micrometer fillers of composites. Thus, the laboratory system provides the unique possibility to image non-destructively structures in the range of 170–190 nanometers, even for high-density materials.

Resection of Intracranial Tumors with a Robotic-Assisted Digital Microscope: A Preliminary Experience with Robotic Scope

Magnified intraoperative visualization is of paramount importance during microsurgical procedures. Although the introduction of the operating microscope represented one of the most relevant innovations in modern neurosurgery, surgical vision and maneuverability can be limited in cases with unfavorable angles of attack. In such cases, the placement of the operating microscope can be difficult and result in significant discomfort to the surgeon. In previous decades, exoscopes were introduced as alternative tools to provide optimal ergonomics by decoupling the line of sight of the surgeon from the binocular lenses. However, exoscopic platforms entail interim manual adjustments of the camera position and setting. To overcome this limitation, robotic-assisted digital microscopy was developed. We have reported our preliminary experience with the RoboticScope to investigate the feasibility and safety of this novel digital system for intraoperative magnification. In September 2020, the RoboticScope was used to perform 3 cranial procedures for the resection of brain tumors. The surgeon's opinion was recorded to evaluate the quality of the intraoperative vision, the safety and efficacy of the surgical maneuverability, and the surgeon's personal comfort. RoboticScope provided remarkable advantages in terms of enhanced workflow efficacy and increased comfort of the surgeon during the microsurgical phase of the cranial procedures. The overall quality of the intraoperative digital imaging was rated not inferior to that of traditional optical microscopes. The RoboticScope is a promising device that might represent a valuable alternative to conventional tools for intraoperative visualization in the resection of intracranial tumors.

Chip formation mechanism during orthogonal cutting of rubber microparticles and silica nanoparticles modified epoxy polymers

The addition of well-dispersed nanoparticles can significantly increase the mechanical properties and toughness of epoxy polymers. In this study, an epoxy resin was modified by addition of silica nanoparticles, (CTBN) rubber microparticles and a combination of both. An in-situ orthogonal cutting rig combined with high magnification and high-speed imaging system was used to determine the effects on the chip formation mechanism and machining induced damage to the material. This study indicates that chip formation in silica-modified epoxy is governed by a fracture process with large cracks both at the machined surface level and subsurface within the chip formation zone. The presence of rubber enables larger plastic deformation within the epoxy-modified polymer as the toughening mechanism of the rubber deflects the generated cracks within the primary deformation zone. The magnitude of machining induced damage was found to be lower for rubber microparticles and was correlated with a rubber toughening mechanism observed during cutting. The higher magnitude of machining induced damage of silica-modified epoxy was linked to the material’s poor resistance to crack initiation and growth. These findings of the effect of rubber microparticles and silica nanoparticles on chip formation process will give engineers a greater ability to create a trade-off between filler properties vs material properties vs machining induced damage during Design for Manufacturing (DFM) stages of a product design.

3D Exoscope-Assisted Microvascular Anastomosis: An Evaluation on Latex Vessel Models.

Background. Over the last few years, advances in technologies and digital imaging have led to the introduction of systems that enable a new approach to microsurgery and supermicrosurgery. The exoscope is a new magnification system that provides a 3D image of the surgical field: microsurgical procedures can be performed with the aid of this instrument. Here, we describe our preliminary experience with a high-definition 3D exoscope (VITOM®, Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany), evaluating the characteristics of the instrument, and also its use as a magnification device for microanastomosis training. Methods. Six microsurgeons with various levels of experience were asked to perform three end-to-end anastomoses and two end-to-side anastomoses on latex vessel models, using, as a magnification system, the VITOM® 3D 4K exoscope. None of the surgeons involved had previous experience with the exoscope, with robotic surgery, with endoscopic surgery, nor with training simulators. Results. The results of the reported evaluation of the tool’s qualities, (VITOM Quality Assessment Tool) included: a good focusing of the surgical field; high image quality; strong luminance; good magnification; clear stereoscopy; and excellent freedom of movement. The exoscope proved to be user-friendly. A constant reduction in the time needed to perform the microsurgical anastomosis at each exercise was recorded. Among other advantages were the easy switching from the magnified image to the macroscopic view, superior ergonomics allowing a relaxed posture while performing the anastomosis, adequate space, and a convenient setting for the assistants to view the operating field. Conclusions. Our study showed that the exoscope VITOM 3D can be successfully used as a magnification tool for microsurgical anastomosis on synthetic vessels, and that it can also be helpful during training courses in microsurgery.

Magnification loupes in dentistry: A qualitative study of dental students' perspectives.

The nature of the oral operating field makes it a challenge for dentists to work while maintaining musculoskeletal health. Strategies have been studied in recent years to improve visualisation of the operating field, and the use of magnification systems has been recommended for providing additional benefits. Despite the growing body of evidence suggesting that the use of magnification improves visual acuity, the dentist's posture and the quality of dental procedures, few studies have analysed users' perspectives on these devices in terms of their adaptation process. These types of studies are important because they provide insight into the reality of the adaptation process required by magnification systems so that adjustments and improvements can be made to adapt these systems to the users' reality. Thus, we sought to explore the perspectives held by second-year students in an undergraduate dental program on the use of dental loupes during pre-clinical laboratory activities. A total of 24 second-year dental students participated in semi-structured interviews exploring their perspectives of wearing dental loupes during their pre-clinical activities. Data collection and analysis were consistent with the qualitative content analysis methodology. All interview data were analysed using version 10 of the NVivo® analytical software. Participants described that magnification can lead to the improvement of their work postures, hand skills and quality of dental procedures. Nevertheless, they reported a need for an adaptation period and for adjustments to the technical features of the magnification system. The students had positive perspectives on the use of magnification in their dentistry training program, including improvements in posture, hand skills and procedure quality.