Magnetohydrodynamic Natural Convection Flow Research Articles

The numerical study on the MHD natural convection trend of square/circle corrugated porous media

In this study, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection flow investigated a large heat transfer trend in a uniform magnetic field in a finite element approach. For verification, calculation in results adjusted high stream function, temperature distribution, and the average Nusselt trend in natural convection of MHD. This research presents an innovative contribution by analyzing corrugated geometries, specifically focusing on the square-corrugated (SW) and circle-corrugated (CW) configurations. Additionally, The influence of key parameters constituting Hartman number, Rayleigh number, and Darcy number, which largely affects velocities, temperature, and Nusselt number, was accurately observed in the present study. To computationally resolve, wave influence is a large in-stream behavior but has not influenced temperature distribution or Darcy parameter. The maximum and the minimum value in the average Nusselt number related to S at Da=10−5 in case 1 and WC at Da=10−5 in case 2, respectively. Furthermore, decreasing the Darcy parameter value increases the velocity u and velocity v strength in both cases.

Laminar convective heat transfer combining buoyancy and thermal radiation of Carreau fluid within a concentric and eccentric annulus

The present study concerns a steady-state laminar combined thermal radiation and buoyancy-driven conjugate magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convective flow and heat transfer inside a fully porous medium eccentric circular annulus bounded by two infinite horizontal cylinders occupied by a Carreau fluid permeated by a uniform transverse magnetic field (B0 ) and inclined by an angle (α). The convective and thermal radiation are approximated by the Boussinesq and Roseland models, respectively. The numerical integration was performed using the implicit finite volume method. The convective terms in the momentum and energy equations were Discretized using the second-order upwind method. On the other hand, the diffusive terms were Discretized using the central difference scheme. The pressure-velocity coupling was solved using the SIMPLE approach. The findings suggest a clear trend of enhancement in the heat transfer rate when the aspect ratio and annulus eccentricity increase. This pattern is more pronounced in the negative vertical eccentricities. It is worth noting that the eccentric annulus, which has an annulus aspect ratio of 1.6 and a vertical eccentricity of −0.8, offers the best performance regarding the heat transfer mechanism inside the annulus gap. The heat transfer mechanism turns out to be strongly affected by thermal radiation, Hartmann number, and magnetic field inclination angle. The increased thermal radiation parameter and the decreased flow behavior index improve the heat transfer mechanism between the Carreau fluid and the inner cylinder in the annular gap. Furthermore, the average Nusselt number increases considerably as the induced magnetic field inclines.

Dynamics of Jeffrey fluid flow and heat transfer: A Prabhakar fractional operator approach

The primary goal of current study is to formulate a novel mathematical model employing the Prabhakar fractional operator, aimed at examining the dynamic behaviour of Jeffrey fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena under ramped wall temperature conditions. Our investigation entails a meticulous investigation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convective flow within Jeffrey fluids, where we derive precise analytical solutions utilizing the Prabhakar fractional derivative, characterized by a non-singular type kernel. Furthermore, our study integrates fundamental principles such as Fick’s and Fourier’s laws into the model, leveraging a multi-parameter Mittag-Leffler kernel associated with the fractional operator. We delve into the intricacies of fluid flow near an infinitely vertical plate, considering characteristics such as velocity u0. To address the complexities of the problem, we express it in context the of partial differential equations along side generalized boundary conditions, employing a set of appropriate variables to transform these equations into a dimensionless form. Utilizing Laplace transform, we analyze the equations of fractional system, presenting outcomes both in the form of series and through specialized functions. We systematically explore the influence of key parameters α, Pr, β, Gm, Sc, γ, Gr on fluid flow dynamics, unveiling significant insights. Our comparative analysis reveals the superior performance of the Prabhakar-like non-integer approach over existing operators, substantiated by graphical representations of the results. Additionally, we extend our investigation to various limiting cases, including Newtonian fluids and second-grade, in both fractionalized and classical forms, thus highlighting the versatility and applicability of our proposed model within fluid dynamics research.

A Fractional Study of MHD Casson Fluid Motion With Thermal Radiative Flux and Heat Injection/Suction Mechanism Under Ramped Wall Condition: Application of Rabotnov Exponential Kernel

Abstract The primary objective of this research is to extend the concept of fractionalized Casson fluid flow. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convective flow of Casson fluid is conducted, focusing on obtaining analytical solutions using the non-integer-order derivative known as the Yang–Abdel-Aty–Cattani (YAC) operator. The YAC operator utilized in this research possesses a more generalized exponential kernel. The fluid flow is examined in the vicinity of an infinitely vertical plate with a characteristic velocity denoted as u 0. The mathematical modelling of the problem incorporates partial differential equations, incorporating Newtonian heating and ramped conditions. To facilitate the analysis, a suitable set of variables is introduced to transform the governing equations into a dimensionless form. The Laplace transform (LT) is then applied to the fractional system of equations, and the obtained results are presented in series form and also expressed in terms of special functions. The study further investigates the influence of relevant parameters, such as α, β, Pr , Q, Gr, M, Nr and K, on the fluid flow to reveal interesting findings. A comparison of different approaches reveals that the YAC method yields superior results compared to existing operators found in the literature. Graphs are generated to illustrate the outcomes effectively. Additionally, the research explores the limiting cases of the Casson and viscous fluid models to derive the classical form from the YAC fractionalized Casson fluid model.

Numerical computation on MHD natural convective ternary nanofluid flow and heat transfer in a porous square cavity: Marker-and-cell technique

PurposeThe analysis of fluid flow and thermal transport performance inside the cavity has found numerous applications in various engineering fields, such as nuclear reactors and solar collectors. Nowadays, researchers are concentrating on improving heat transfer by using ternary nanofluids. With this motivation, the present study analyzes the natural convective flow and heat transfer efficiency of ternary nanofluids in different types of porous square cavities.Design/methodology/approachThe cavity inclination angle is fixed ω = 0 in case (I) and in case (II). The traditional fluid is water, and is treated as a working fluid. Ternary nanofluid's thermophysical properties are considered, according to the Tiwari–Das model. The marker-and-cell numerical scheme is adopted to solve the transformed dimensionless mathematical model with associated initial–boundary conditions.FindingsThe average heat transfer rate is computed for four combinations of ternary nanofluids: and under the influence of various physical factors such as volume fraction of nanoparticles, inclined magnetic field, cavity inclination angle, porous medium, internal heat generation/absorption and thermal radiation. The transport phenomena within the square cavity are graphically displayed via streamlines, isotherms, local and average Nusselt number profiles with adequate physical interpretations.Practical implicationsThe purpose of this study is to determine whether the ternary nanofluids may be used to achieve the high thermal transmission in nuclear power systems, generators and electronic device applications.Social implicationsThe current analysis is useful to improve the thermal features of nuclear reactors, solar collectors, energy storage and hybrid fuel cells.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, no research has been carried out related to the magneto-hydrodynamic natural convective ternary nanofluid flow and heat transmission filled in porous square cavities with an inclined cavity angle. The computational outcomes revealed that the average heat transfer depends not only on the nanoparticle’s volume concentration but also on the existence of heat source and sink.

Second law analysis of thermo-magneto-hydrodynamic couple-stress fluid flow in a cavity with heated fin

The objective of current study is to analyze the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection flow of couple-stress fluid and entropy generation (second law analysis) inside the cavity with heated fin by using the Galerkin finite element method. The heated fin has been placed in middle of the heated bottom wall, the temperature is fixed on the vertical walls and an insulated situation is considered at the top wall. The irreversibility ratio and heat flux inside the enclosure are examined through entropy generation and Bejan heatlines, respectively. The obtained results show that the intensity of circulations of streamlines decrease from to and heatlines from to due to increasing couple-stress parameter from to It is noted that the heatlines bowls appear due to enhanced buoyancy-driven flow against high Rayleigh number. The reverse relation is noted between the entropy generation and the Hartmann number. The overall heat transfer rate along with the bottom and vertical side walls increase and respectively, with increasing the fin height from to Obtained results could help to optimize heat transfer in engineering systems like heat exchangers, cooling processes of devices, chemical reactors, and solar collectors.

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Natural Convection Flow of Titanium Dioxide Nanofluid Inside 3D Cavity Containing a Hot Block: Comparative with 2D Cavity

The natural convection of TiO2-Water-Nanofluid in a cubic cavity, containing a hot block under the influence of the magnetic field was studied numerically. The verticals walls are cold, the bottom wall is hot and the other walls (top, front and rear) are adiabatic. This work aims to visualize the importance of taking into account the three-dimensionality of the flow in the presence of magnetic field as well as the impact of the addition of nanoparticles on heat exchange rate evolution. The governing equations are solved using the finite volume method and the SIMPLER algorithm is used for pressure-velocity coupling. The problem was simulated at different Rayleigh numbers (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106), Hartmann numbers (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 90) and inclination angles of the magnetic field (0 ≤ ω ≤ 135°) as well as nanoparticles volume fraction (φ = 0%, φ = 5%) with fixed Prandtl number (Pr = 7). The thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity of the nanofluid are estimated by taking into account temperature-dependent properties, using Corcione’s correlations. Based on the cooling optimization of cold walls along with comparative analysis between 3D cavity and 2D cavity, the obtained results show that the buoyancy force enhances the heat exchange, while the magnetic field produces opposite effects. When the buoyancy force is dominated, the intensification of heat transfer becomes large, compared to the case where conduction is dominant. The qualitative difference between a 3D and 2D configuration is remarkable for higher Ra, and becomes smaller when the magnetic field is applied horizontally or vertically with relatively high intensity. But, quantitatively, the 3D flow is far from being considered as a 2D flow for all pertinent parameters control. Finally, adding nanoparticles enhances heat transfer for both configurations, the best transfer rate is obtained for ω = 0.

Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Effects on Heat Generation and Joule Heating with Non-Uniform Surface Temperature and Natural Convection Flow over a Vertical Flat Plate

The effects of heat generation on the Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) natural convection flow along a vertical flat plate with non-uniform surface temperature are analyzed. The governing differential equations are transformed by introducing appropriate non-similarity variables to render them dimensionless, and then numerically resolved. Results for the details of velocity profiles, temperature profiles, local skin frictions, and rate of heat transfer are displayed graphically, and numerical tabulated data for skin friction and rate of local heat transfer are entered in tables with heat generation parameters and Joule Heating parameters.

Magnetohydrodynamic Natural Convective Hybrid Nanofluid Flow in a Square Enclosure with Different Blocks

Magnetohydrodynamic Natural Convective Hybrid Nanofluid Flow in a Square Enclosure with Different Blocks

Transient natural convective flow of a radiative viscous incompressible fluid past an exponentially accelerated porous plate with chemical reaction species

AbstractThe present study deals with an unsteady magnetohydrodynamic natural convective flow of a viscous, incompressible fluid past an exponentially accelerated porous plate surrounded by a porous medium with suction or injection. The novelty of the current research is to analyze the behavior of the flow due to mass transfer with first‐order chemical reaction in the presence of a heat source in the energy equation. The existence of suction/injection and radiation parameters in the flow enhances the utility of the research as they are an integral part of nuclear reactors, thermal and chemical engineering processes, and many more. The Laplace transform technique (via Bromwich contour) is applied to solve exactly the governing equations. The nature of the flow velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles due to the impact of pertinent flow parameters are presented graphically. The numerical outcomes of coefficient of skin friction, rate of heat transfer, and mass transfer are obtained in tabular form. The results indicate that the skin friction increases slowly with the reaction parameter and largely with the suction parameter, whereas the concentration gradient increases at a much higher rate with the reaction parameter. The fluid injection has a negative impact on the velocity gradient. It is seen that the heat source enhances both velocity and temperature profiles throughout the flow field, whereas the first‐order chemical reaction acts reversely on the velocity and mass transfer process. The current research can be applied to identify the cause behind the drag force produced in seepage flow due to the heated or cooled accelerated plate.

MHD natural convective flow in a porous corrugated enclosure: Effects of different key parameters and discrete heat sources

Present work deals with an unsteady two-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamics natural convection flow problem in a porous-corrugated enclosure. The vertical side walls are insulated, and the top wall is non-uniformly heated; while square-shaped undulations at the bottom wall are discretely heated. Five different cases are considered depending on the discrete heat sources and various key parameters. A transformation-free higher-order compact (HOC) scheme is used to discretize the non-linear coupled transport equations, and an advanced iterative solver, like the hybrid-bi-conjugate-gradient stabilized technique, is used to solve the system of algebraic equations generated from the numerical discretization. Present higher-order compact scheme is fourth-order accurate in space coordinates and second-order accurate in the time variable. At first, the developed code is validated with existing experimental and numerical computed results for the case of a square enclosure associated with and without a heat source. Then, the computed results are analysed over a range of key parameters, like Rayleigh number (103≤Ra≤106), Darcy Number (10−5≤Da≤10−1), Hartmann number (25≤Ha≤150), with a fixed Prandtl number (Pr=6.1), to study the effects of these key parameters on the fluid flow behaviour and isotherm patterns in the porous-corrugated enclosure. It is found that at high Rayleigh–Darcy numbers with different Hartmann numbers, the effect of the permeability of the porous medium is significant; whereas the flow resistance from the boundary friction is gradually reduced, and the flow behaviour is similar to the pure buoyancy-induced flow. These simulated results are presented in the form of streamlines, isotherms, local and averaged Nusselt number plots, etc. The presented results show various flow features that have not been analysed before.

Hall and Rotation Effects on Radiating and Reacting MHD Flow past an Accelerated Permeable Plate with Soret and Dufour Effects

This article investigates numerically the effects of Hall current and rotation effects on radiating and chemically reacting unsteady MHD natural convection flow past an accelerated infinite vertical permeable plate in the presence of Soret and Dufour effects. The dimensionless coupled non-linear governing partial differential equations of the problem are solved numerically by employing finite element method. The influence of various physical parameters influencing the flow on the primary velocity, secondary velocity, temperature and the species concentration are displayed graphically whilst the numerical results of the primary skin friction, secondary skin-friction, Nusselt number and the Sherwood number are presented in tabular form. Results reveals that magnetic parameter, radiation parameter and chemical reaction rate tends to depreciate both primary and secondary velocity components whilst Hall, Soret and Dufour effects have reverse trend. Rotation parameter tends to retard fluid flow in the primary flow direction and accelerate fluid flow in the secondary flow direction. Thermal boundary layer thickness decreases with increasing radiation parameter whilst the reverse trend is noticed with increasing Dufour effect. Thermal diffusion effect causes to improve concentration boundary layer thickness whilst chemical reaction rate has reverse impact. These parameters have similar effect on the primary and secondary skin-frictions whilst opposite effect was noticed on the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. This model problem finds an important in engineering and industrial application such as MHD generators, food processing, heat exchangers devices and internal rotation rate of the sun.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 The problem investigate the effects of Hall current and rotation effects on radiating and reacting on unsteady magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) natural convection heat and mass transfer flow over an infinite vertical porous plate embedded in a uniform porous medium taking Soret and Dufour effects into account
 The resulting partial differential equations governing the fluid flow are solved numerically using the finite element method. In order to determine the effects of various pertinent parameters and to investigate the important flow features, the numerical calculations for fluid velocity, temperature and species concentration are computed and shown graphically whereas skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number at the plate are evaluated and depicted in tabular form
 The model problem finds an important in engineering and industrial application
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Induced magnetic field effect on MHD free convection flow in nonconducting and conducting vertical microchannel walls

AbstractThe current examination employs a numerical analysis to ascertain the effect of the Eckert number along with the Prandtl number on a magnetohydrodynamic natural convection flow of an incompressible viscous fluid in which it is electrically conducting, passing through a perpendicular microchannel. Conduction along with non‐conducting immeasurable perpendicular walls within the existence of temperature and velocity slip at the microchannel is analyzed. The induced magnetic field (IMF) generated by the motion of an electrically conducting fluid in the presence of a transverse magnetic field is considered. The momentum and induction equations are coupled in the presence of an induced magnetic field. A set of similar variables are used to convert the governing set of equations to nonlinear‐coupled ordinary differential equations. With the aid of MATLAB in built solver is carried out to get the numerical solutions. The influences of Hartman number, Prandtl number, and Eckert number along with some physical parameters are explained through graphs. The results indicate that increasing the Hartmann and magnetic Prandtl numbers results in a significant decrease in volume flow rate.

Numerical simulation of thermal management during natural convection in a porous triangular cavity containing air and hot obstacles

A numerical study is presented of laminar viscous magnetohydrodynamic natural convection flow in a triangular-shaped porous enclosure filled with electrically conducting air and containing two hot obstacles. The mathematical model is formulated in terms of dimensional partial differential equations. The pressure gradient term is eliminated by using the vorticity–stream (\(\omega - \psi\)) function approach. The emerging dimensionless governing equations are employed by the regular finite difference scheme along with thermofluidic boundary conditions. The efficiency of the obtained computed results for isotherms and streamlines is validated via comparison with previously published work. The impact of physical parameters on streamlines and temperature contours for an extensive range of Rayleigh number (Ra = 103–105), Hartmann magnetohydrodynamic number (Ha = 5–30), Darcy parameter (Da = 0.0001–0.1) for fixed Prandtl number (Pr = 0.71) is considered. Numerical results are also presented for local and average Nusselt numbers along the hot base wall. Interesting features of the thermofluid behaviour are revealed. At lower Rayleigh number, the isotherms are generally parallel to the inclined wall and only distorted substantially near the obstacles at the left vertical adiabatic wall; however, with increasing Rayleigh number, this distortion is magnified in the core zone and simultaneously warmer zones expand towards the inclined cold wall. The simulations are relevant to magnetic materials processing and hybrid magnetic fuel cells.

Unsteady MHD natural convection flow of a nanofluid inside an inclined square cavity containing a heated circular obstacle

Abstract The phenomena of unsteady magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) natural convection flow in an inclined square cavity filled with nanofluid and containing a heated circular obstacle at its center with heat generation/absorption impact are examined numerically. The cavity’s right and left walls are maintained at low temperatures, while the remaining walls are adiabatic. The volumetric external force, MHD, is applied across the inclined cavity. A penalty formulation-based finite element method is used to solve the nonlinear set of governing equations iteratively. The numerical scheme and results are validated through a comparison with the benchmark results, and it shows that our solutions are in good agreement with them. The results are shown in terms of contours of streamlines, isotherms, and average Nusselt number. It is observed that MHD alters the streamlines, isotherms, and average Nusselt number and dominates the flow as compared to any other physical parameter. The average Nusselt number is found sensitive to the central obstacle’s size, and it reduces sufficiently when the radius of the inner cylinder increases. For all the parameters, the streamlines’ symmetric pattern holds, such that the anti-clockwise cells on the left side of the cavity have their symmetric clockwise cells on the right side.

MHD natural convection and entropy generation of non-Newtonian ferrofluid in a wavy enclosure

Two-dimensional laminar magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection flow of non-Newtonian ferrofluid has been investigated to understand the characteristics of heat transfer, streamlines, isotherms, and entropy generation in a wavy enclosure using the finite volume method (FVM). The horizontal boundaries of the cavity are assumed to be thermally adiabatic, while the temperatures of the left and right vertical walls are presumed to be TH and TC, respectively. The rheology of the nanofluid is represented through the power-law model, and the density variations due to thermal expansion lie within the framework of the Boussinesq approximation. Numerical simulations have been carried out for a range of dimensionless parameters such as Rayleigh number (Ra=103,104,105), Hartmann number (Ha=0,10,20), power-law index (n=0.6,0.8,1.0,1.2,1.4), volume fraction (ϕ=0,0.05,0.1), and Prandtl number Pr = 6.8377. Results indicate that the isotherms of the shear-thinning fluid are dominated by thermal convection, whereas conduction is more pronounced for shear-thickening fluids. The average Nusselt number of the non-Newtonian ferrofluid increases with the attenuation of the Hartmann number and augmentation of the Rayleigh number, and in our entire simulation, the maximum value of Nu¯, due to the addition of ferro-particles, is found to be 8.07. The power-law index has a remarkable influence on the streamlines, and ψmax tends to decrease when n is increased gradually from shear-thinning to shear-thickening fluid behavior. Moreover, it is revealed that the heat transfer rate of ferrofluid (ϕ=10%) increases up to 26% for the shear-thinning case and 25% for the shear-thickening case, under the influence of the magnetic field. Further, it is inferred that the irreversibility due to heat transfer, fluid friction, and magnetic field for the shear-thinning, Newtonian and shear-thickening ferrofluids, can be minimized based on the optimal parametric combination. The increment of Hartmann number results in 60% attenuation of total entropy for shear-thinning fluid and 9% diminution for the shear-thickening case. With the augmentation of the power-law index, the entropy generation is found to decrease by 80% in the absence of the magnetic field effect and by 54% in the presence of it. A new correlation for the average Nusselt number is proposed for the shear-thinning fluids and shows a good agreement between the computed and predicted results.

Micropolar ferrofluid flow via natural convective about a radiative isoflux sphere

Current investigation scrutinizes the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection flow of micropolar ferrofluid across an isoflux sphere with the impacts of thermal radiation and partial slip. Cobalt-nanoparticles with kerosene as the base fluid are considered. The governing partial differential conservation equations and convenient boundary conditions are rendered into a nondimensional form. The finite difference method (FDM) is then applied to determine the solution of a collection of resultant equations. The outcomes obtained by FDM have also compared with cited investigation. Illustrations describing influences of prominent parameters which provides physical interpretations of velocity, angular velocity, and temperature fields as well as the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are examined in detail with the help of graphical representations. This investigation determined that the skin-friction coefficient and heat transport rate reduced along with augmentation in the magnetic force and micropolar parameter, while opposite performance is adhered with elevating in the thermal radiation. Moreover, the boosted nanoparticle volume fraction reduced the skin friction coefficient and improved the Nusselt number.

Numerical Simulation of MHD Natural Convection Flow Within Porous Trapezoidal Cavity With Heated Triangular Obstacle

A steady laminar two-dimensional finite element based Galerkin weighted residual numerical approach (GWRNA) has been adopted to solve magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convective flow filled with porous medium in a trapezoidal cavity with various aspect ratio of heated triangular obstacle $$ (1/3 \le AR \le 1) $$ . The boundary location of the cavity consists of non-uniform heating of bottom wall whilst the two vertical walls are maintained at a cold temperature and the top wall is thermal insulated. For the simulation purpose, wide range of parameters, such as, Hartmann number (Ha = 50), Prandtl number (0.026 ≤ Pr ≤ 1000), Rayleigh number (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106) and Darcy number (10−5 ≤ Da ≤ 10−1) are used in the cavity with various AR. The study demonstrated that the aforementioned parameters have strong influence on the stream functions and isotherms for different AR. A stronger flow circulation is observed for higher Ra and Da. Besides these, a symmetry for fluid flow simulations and isotherm contours are viewed. The result too unveils that the heat transfer rates as well as local and average Nusselt numbers strongly depend on various AR and abovementioned parameters.

An exact analysis of unsteady MHD free convection flow of some nanofluids with ramped wall velocity and ramped wall temperature accounting heat radiation and injection/consumption

This article investigates the influence of ramped wall velocity and ramped wall temperature on time dependent, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection flow of some nanofluids close to an infinitely long vertical plate nested in porous medium. Combination of water as base fluid and three types of nanoparticles named as copper, titanium dioxide and aluminum oxide is taken into account. Impacts of non linear thermal radiation flux and heat injection/consumption are also evaluated. The solutions of principal equations of mass and heat transfer are computed in close form by applying Laplace transform. The physical features of connected parameters are discussed and elucidated with the assistance of graphs. The expressions for Nusselt number and skin friction are also calculated and control of pertinent parameters on both phenomenons is presented in tables. A comparative study is performed for ramped wall and isothermal wall to evaluate the application extent of both boundary conditions.

MHD Natural Convection in a Fully Opened Parallelogrammic Enclosure Filled with Copper–Water Nanofluid and Partially Heated from its Left Sidewall

The present work examined numerically for the first time, the magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) natural convection flow and heat transfer in a fully opened parallelogrammic enclosure filled with copper –water nanofluid and subjected to a straight magnetic field. Both the upper and lower inclined walls of the enclosure are kept cold, while its right sidewall is considered fully opened to the environment. The left sidewall of the enclosure is heated partially, while the remaining parts of it are considered thermally insulated. The ranges of this study are, Hartmann number (0 £ Ha £ 75), nondimensional heat source location (0.25 £ e £ 0.75), Rayleigh number (104 £ Ra £ 106 ), solid volume fraction (f=0.04), and the inclination angle of the upper and the lower walls (-60° £ l £ 60°). The non-dimensional heat source length is considered fixed at [ = 0.25]. For all Hartmann numbers, It was found that for [Ra =106 ] , the maximum value of the average Nusselt number corresponds to [-30° ? l ? 0°] , [ l = 0°] and [0° ? l ? 30°] when the heat source location equals to [e = 0.25] , [e = 0.5] and [e = 0.75] respectively.