Magnetic Applications Research Articles

Additive manufacturing of Fe-6.5Si cores with metal-insulator-metal structure via dual-nozzle material extrusion (MEX) technology

ABSTRACT This study proposes a novel approach for fabricating Fe-6.5 wt. %Si (Fe-6.5Si) soft magnetic cores using a dual-nozzle material extrusion (MEX) three-dimensional (3D) printing technology followed by a spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. A SiO2 insulator was printed between the Fe-6.5Si layers to fabricate metal–insulator-metal (MIM)-structured cores. Densified Fe-6.5Si soft magnetic cores (over 99%) were obtained owing to the resolution of the sintering problem with Fe-6.5Si because of its brittle nature using SPS. The magnetic core with a 0.2 mm-printed insulator (MC0.2) achieved a uniform insulator thickness of approximately 85 µm. Despite MC0.2 being approximately three times thicker than the single Fe-6.5Si layer (magnetic core single layer, MCS), a SiO2 insulator used in the cores of MC0.2 and MCS, resulted in comparable eddy current losses at 1 kHz. This highlighted the effectiveness of the MIM structure in suppressing the eddy currents. Thus, the proposed approach offers a promising solution for overcoming the geometric limitations of traditional stamping processes and paves the way for advanced magnetic core applications in additive manufacturing.

Study of magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of FeMnO3 compound

Abstract The study reports a magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in the FeMnO3 bixbyite compound prepared via autocombustion technique using nitrate salts. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) study showed that FeMnO3 assumes a cubic phase with a space group Ia-3. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study confirmed the oxidation states of Fe3+ and Mn3+. Temperature-dependent magnetization measurements revealed the presence of antiferromagnetic ordering in the compound at around 40 K. The effective magnetic moment, µ eff, was calculated as 2.36 µB from the susceptibility curve. Change in maximum magnetic entropy ǀ∆S Max ǀ, determined from magnetic isotherms, is approximately 4.14 Jkg−1 K−1 at 65 K under 5 T applied field, leading to higher relative cooling power, RCP as 200.29 Jkg−1. Specific heat capacity, ∆Cp, and temperature-averaged entropy change, TEC, were also analyzed to study magnetic cooling efficiency. This study observed that FeMnO3 displays potential MCE performance, making it a promising candidate for magnetic refrigeration applications. Graphical abstract

Potential Molecular Interactions and In Vitro Hyperthermia, Thermal, and Magnetic Studies of Bioactive Nickel-Doped Hydroxyapatite Thin Films

The treatment of bone cancer often necessitates the surgical removal of affected tissues, with artificial implants playing a critical role in replacing lost bone structure. Functionalized implants represent an innovative approach to improve bio-integration and the long-term effectiveness of surgery in treating cancer-damaged bones. In this study, nickel-substituted hydroxyapatite (Ni:HAp) nanoparticles were deposited as thin films using laser pulses in the range of 30,000–60,000. Comprehensive structural, infrared, optical, morphological, surface, and magnetic evaluations were conducted on the synthesized Ni:HAp thin films. The magnetic hysteresis (M-H) loop demonstrated an increase in the saturation magnetization of the films with a higher number of laser pulses. A minimum squareness ratio of 0.7 was observed at 45,000 laser pulses, and the M-H characteristics indicated a shift toward ferromagnetic behavior, achieving the desired thermal response through an alternating magnetic field application within 80 s. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed distinct thermal stability, with the material structure exhibiting 46% degradation at 800 °C. The incorporation of bioactive magnetic nanoparticles in the thin film holds significant promise for magnetic hyperthermia treatment. Using HDOCK simulations, the interactions between ligand molecules and proteins were also explored. Strong binding affinities with a docking score of −67.73 were thus observed. The presence of Ca2+ ions enhances electrostatic interactions, providing valuable insights into the biochemical roles of the ligand in therapeutic applications. Intravenous administration of magnetic nanoparticles, which subsequently aggregate within the tumor tissue, combined with an applied alternating magnetic field, enable targeted heating of the tumor to 45 °C. This focused heating approach selectively targets cancer cells while preserving the surrounding healthy tissue, thereby potentially enhancing the effectiveness of hyperthermia therapy in cancer treatment.

Microstructure And Magnetization Process Due To Cd2+ Doped Ni-mg Spinel Ferrites

The Ni0.5Mg0.5CdxFe2-xO4 ferrites (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10) were prepared by the solid-state reaction method using laboratory-grade oxide materials. Samples from each composition were prepared and then sintered at 1000 °C for 3 hours. The Cd-doped Ni-Mg ferrites' structural and surface morphology effects were analyzed by XRD and SEM. XRD analysis indicated that all the sintered samples crystallized in a single-phase cubic spinel structure. It follows from Vegard's law that, in Ni-Mg-Cd ferrites, the lattice parameter increased linearly with the substitution of Fe³⁺ ions by Cd²⁺. In all the samples, the theoretical density was higher than their bulk densities due to the pores present in them, as the sintering temperature is influenced. SEM images showed that the Cd-doped Ni-Mg ferrites significantly modified the average grain size; thus, the surface morphology appeared to be homogeneous and consisted of well-defined spherical grains. The average grain size decreased while doping with Cd²⁺ in Ni0.5Mg0.5CdxFe2-xO4 up to x = 0.08 and then increased with a further increase in doping concentration. No significant effect on Ms, Hc, and Mr was observed while measuring from the M-H curve by VSM and hysteresis loops. The coercive value Hc was very low, and hence Ni-Mg-Cd ferrites belong to the family of soft ferrites. The Ms value increased in all samples with the content of Cd doping. With these results, it can be asserted that the addition of Cd can make Ni-Mg ferrites more magnetic at the core and change their structure, along with surface appearance; thus, these materials will be useful in many magnetic applications. Bangladesh Journal of Physics, 28(1), 51-58, June 2021

Optically Readable Multilevel Magnetic Memory States in Perpendicularly Exchange-Biased Ferromagnetic Multilayers.

The construction of multilevel magnetic states using materials with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) offers a novel approach to enhancing the storage density and read/write efficiency of nonvolatile magnetic memory devices. In this study, optically readable multilevel magnetic domain states are achieved by inducing asymmetric interlayer interactions and decoupling the magnetic reversal behavior of individual ferromagnetic (FM) layers in exchange-biased FM multilayers with PMA. Hepta-level magnetic domain states are formed in [Co/Pt]n FM multilayers grown on an antiferromagnetic Fe2O3 layer within a relatively low magnetic field range of ∼±400Oe. Raising and lowering operations between states are demonstrated to be achievable, enabling the writing of new information without the need for initialization in multilevel magnetic memory applications. This design concept, leveraging multilevel magnetic domain states and facilitating noncontact optical reading of stored information, demonstrates the potential to enhance the storage density of nonvolatile magnetic memory devices as it eliminates the need for electrical circuits typically required in other resistive memory technologies.

Studying the Structural, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of Co2CrGa1 − xAlx Full Heusler Alloys Through Density Functional Theory and Monte Carlo Simulation

ABSTRACTMonte Carlo (MC) simulation and density functional theory (DFT) were employed to investigate the structural, mechanical, thermomagnetic, and electronic properties of the Co2CrGa1−xAlx (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0) full Heusler alloys. Both the pristine and doped configurations demonstrate the L21 prototype, and there is an observable decrease in the lattice parameter as the Al concentration rises. Electronic analysis was performed in Wien2k using the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof of generalized gradient approximation (GGA‐PBE), the modified Becke–Johnson GGA (mBJ‐GGA), and the PBEsol functional, which revealed a band gap in the spin‐down states of both structures by studying the band structure and density of states. The phonon dispersion relation was studied to ensure the stability of the alloy. The magnetic moments in pristine configurations closely resemble those in doped structures, with minimal changes in exchange interaction parameters. The obtained Curie temperature, determined through the MC method, falls within the range of 321–500 K. Finally, studying the magnetic properties of the Heusler alloys can contribute to advancements in spintronics and other magnetic applications.

Hexagonal SrFe12O19: Oxide Method Synthesis, Optical and Magnetic Properties and 5G Circulator Applications

Hexagonal SrFe12O19: Oxide Method Synthesis, Optical and Magnetic Properties and 5G Circulator Applications

Ab initio investigation of layered TMGeTe3 alloys for phase-change applications.

Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) are among the most mature candidates for next-generation memory technology. Recently, CrGeTe3 (CrGT) emerged as a promising PCM due to its enhanced amorphous stability and fast crystallization for embedded memory applications. The amorphous stability of CrGT was attributed to the complex layered structure of the crystalline motifs needed to initiate crystallization. A subsequent computational screening work identified several similar compounds with good thermal stability, such as InGeTe3, CrSiTe3 and BiSiTe3. Here, we explored the substitution of Cr in CrGT with other 3d metals and predicted four additional layered alloys to be dynamically stable, namely ScGeTe3, TiGeTe3, ZnGeTe3 and MnGeTe3. Thorough ab initio simulations performed on both crystalline and amorphous models of these materials indicate the former three alloys to be potential PCMs with sizable resistance contrast. Furthermore, we found that crystalline MnGeTe3 exhibits ferromagnetic behavior, whereas the amorphous state probably forms a spin glass phase. This makes MnGeTe3 a promising candidate for magnetic phase-change applications.

The Magnetic Application in the Loudspeaker and Headset

Loudspeakers and headsets are ubiquitous electronic devices essential to modern life, finding extensive applications in medicine, education, entertainment, and communication. This paper explores their fundamental operating principles, rooted in electromagnetic and acoustic theories, and provides a comprehensive analysis of their mechanisms. It summarizes various optimization strategies aimed at enhancing performance, including advancements in acoustic output, material innovations like carbon nanotubes, structural design improvements, and computational efficiency through algorithms such as adaptive impedance matching and genetic algorithms. The study also addresses current challenges faced by these devices, such as the trade-off between miniaturization and sound quality, escalating production costs, limited battery life, and issues related to prolonged user comfort. Furthermore, it highlights evolving user expectations for higher sound quality, longer battery life, and more ergonomic designs. By synthesizing existing research and forecasting future trends, the paper offers valuable insights into the ongoing development of loudspeakers and headsets, anticipating that innovations in artificial intelligence, smart materials, and personalized audio technology will significantly shape their future evolution

Three-Dimensional Printable Magnetic Hydrogels with Adjustable Stiffness and Adhesion for Magnetic Actuation and Magnetic Hyperthermia Applications.

Stimuli-responsive hydrogels hold immense promise for biomedical applications, but conventional gelation processes often struggle to achieve the precision and complexity required for advanced functionalities such as soft robotics, targeted drug delivery, and tissue engineering. This study introduces a class of 3D-printable magnetic hydrogels with tunable stiffness, adhesion, and magnetic responsiveness, prepared through a simple and efficient "one-pot" method. This approach enables precise control over the hydrogel's mechanical properties, with an elastic modulus ranging from 43 kPa to 277 kPa, tensile strength from 93 kPa to 421 kPa, and toughness from 243 kJ/m3 to 1400 kJ/m3, achieved by modulating the concentrations of acrylamide (AM) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. These hydrogels exhibit rapid heating under an alternating magnetic field, reaching 44.4 °C within 600 s at 15 wt%, demonstrating the potential for use in mild magnetic hyperthermia. Furthermore, the integration of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and nanoclay into the AM precursor optimizes the rheological properties and ensures high printability, enabling the fabrication of complex, high-fidelity structures through extrusion-based 3D printing. Compared to existing magnetic hydrogels, our 3D-printable platform uniquely combines adjustable mechanical properties, strong adhesion, and multifunctionality, offering enhanced capabilities for use in magnetic actuation and hyperthermia in biomedical applications. This advancement marks a significant step toward the scalable production of next-generation intelligent hydrogels for precision medicine and bioengineering.

Drug Release Nanoparticle System Design: Data Set Compilation and Machine Learning Modeling.

Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are gaining significant interest in the field of biomedical functional nanomaterials because of their distinctive chemical and physical characteristics, particularly in drug delivery and magnetic hyperthermia applications. In this paper, we experimentally synthesized and characterized new Fe3O4-based NPs, functionalizing its surface with a 5-TAMRA cadaverine modified copolymer consisting of PMAO and PEG. Despite these advancements, many combinations of NP cores and coatings remain unexplored. To address this, we created a new data set of NP systems from public sources. Herein, 11 different AI/ML algorithms were used to develop the predictive AI/ML models. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and random forest (RF) models showed high values of sensitivity and specificity (>0.9) in training/validation series and 3-fold cross validation, respectively. The AI/ML models are able to predict 14 output properties (CC50 (μM), EC50 (μM), inhibition (%), etc.) for all combinations of 54 different NP cores classes vs. 25 different coats and vs. 41 different cell lines, allowing the short listing of the best results for experimental assays. The results of this work may help to reduce the cost of traditional trial and error procedures.

Comparative retrospective analysis of magnetic field therapy and extracorporeal shock wave therapy in pain management for heel spur

Background Heel spurs, caused by inflammation and overstretching of the plantar fascia, are a common source of heel pain. Although various conservative and invasive treatments are used, evidence on their effectiveness remains limited. Objective This study aims to evaluate the effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) and magnetic field application on pain levels in heel spur patients. Methods The files of 80 patients diagnosed with heel spurs were accessed. Patients with missing demographic information in the files, incomplete Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) values, and patients with heel pain complaints for less than 5 months were excluded from the study. A total of 39 patients who met the study criteria were included in the study. While ESWT was applied to 21 of these patients (ESWT group), magnetic field was applied to 18 patients (MA group). All patients were given plantar fascia stretching exercises as a home program. Pain scores before and after treatment were evaluated with VAS. Results A significant decrease was found in VAS values after the 5th session and 2 months later in both the ESWT group and the magnetic field group (p < 0.001). On the other hand, neither treatment method was found to be superior to each other (p > 0.05). Conclusion It was observed that the pain of the patients decreased in both the early and late periods in both applications.

Controlling Magnetization in Ferromagnetic Semiconductors by Current-Induced Spin-Orbit Torque.

In this paper, we review our work on the manipulation of magnetization in ferromagnetic semiconductors (FMSs) using electric-current-induced spin-orbit torque (SOT). Our review focuses on FMS layers from the (Ga,Mn)As zinc-blende family grown by molecular beam epitaxy. We describe the processes used to obtain spin polarization of the current that is required to achieve SOT, and we briefly discuss methods of specimen preparation and of measuring the state of magnetization. Using specific examples, we then discuss experiments for switching the magnetization in FMS layers with either out-of-plane or in-plane easy axes. We compare the efficiency of SOT manipulation in single-layer FMS structures to that observed in heavy-metal/ferromagnet bilayers that are commonly used in magnetization switching by SOT. We then provide examples of prototype devices made possible by manipulation of magnetization by SOT in FMSs, such as read-write devices. Finally, based on our experimental results, we discuss future directions which need to be explored to achieve practical magnetic memories and related applications based on SOT switching.

A Spectrochemical Series for Electron Spin Relaxation.

Controlling the rate of electron spin relaxation in paramagnetic molecules is essential for contemporary applications in molecular magnetism and quantum information science. However, the physical mechanisms of spin relaxation remain incompletely understood, and new spectroscopic observables play an important role in evaluating spin dynamics mechanisms and structure-property relationships. Here, we use cryogenic magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy and pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in tandem to examine the impact of ligand field (d-d) excited states on spin relaxation rates. We employ a broad scope of square-planar Cu(II) compounds with varying ligand field strength, including CuS4, CuN4, CuN2O2, and CuO4 first coordination spheres. An unexpectedly strong correlation exists between spin relaxation rates and the average d-d excitation energy (R2 = 0.97). The relaxation rate trends as the inverse 11th power of the excited-state energies, whereas simplified theoretical models predict only an inverse second power dependence. These experimental results directly implicate ligand field excited states as playing a critical role in the ground-state spin relaxation mechanism. Furthermore, ligand field strength is revealed to be a particularly powerful design principle for spin dynamics, enabling formation of a spectrochemical series for spin relaxation.

Magnetic Field-Assisted Orientation and Positioning of Magnetite for Flexible and Electrically Conductive Sensors.

Magnetic field-assisted control of magnetite location is a promising strategy for developing flexible, electrically conductive sensors with enhanced performance and adjustable properties. This study investigates the effect of static magnetic fields applied on thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) composites with magnetite and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The composites were prepared by compression moulding and the magnetic field was applied on the mould cavity during processing. Composites were prepared with a range of concentrations of magnetite (1, 3, and 6 wt.%) and MWCNT (1 and 3 wt.%). The effect of particle concentration on composite viscosity was investigated. Rheological analysis showed that MWCNTs significantly increased the composite viscosity while magnetite had minimal impact, ensuring stable processing and facilitating particle orientation under a static magnetic field. Particle orientation and electrical conductivity were evaluated for the composites prepared with different particle concentrations under different processing temperatures. Magnetic field application at 190 °C enhanced magnetite/MWCNT interactions, substantially reducing electrical resistivity while preserving thermal stability. The composites showed no degradation at 220 °C and above, demonstrating suitability for high-temperature applications requiring thermal resilience. Furthermore, magnetite's magnetic response facilitated precise sensor positioning and strong adhesion to polyimide substrates at 220 °C. These findings demonstrate a scalable and adaptable approach for enhancing sensor performance and positioning, with broad potential in flexible electronics.

Structural properties and recrystallization effects in ion beam modified B20-type FeGe films

Disordered iron germanium (FeGe) has recently garnered interest as a testbed for a variety of magnetic phenomena as well as for use in magnetic memory and logic applications. This is partially owing to its ability to host skyrmions and antiskyrmions—nanoscale whirlpools of magnetic moments that could serve as information carriers in spintronic devices. In particular, a tunable skyrmion–antiskyrmion system may be created through precise control of the defect landscape in B20-phase FeGe, motivating the development of methods to systematically tune disorder in this material and understand the ensuing structural properties. To this end, we investigate a route for modifying magnetic properties in FeGe. In particular, we irradiate epitaxial B20-phase FeGe films with 2.8 MeV Au4+ ions, which creates a dispersion of amorphized regions that may preferentially host antiskyrmions at densities controlled by the irradiation fluence. To further tune the disorder landscape, we conduct a systematic electron diffraction study with in situ annealing, demonstrating the ability to recrystallize controllable fractions of the material at temperatures ranging from ∼150 to 250 °C. Finally, we describe the crystallization kinetics using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov model, finding that the growth of crystalline grains is consistent with diffusion-controlled one-to-two dimensional growth with a decreasing nucleation rate.

Large magnetocaloric effect in free-standing Gd2O3 nanostructures near liquid helium boiling point

Abstract Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of free-standing gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanostructures have been studied. Nanoparticles of Gd2O3 (Gd2O3-NP), nanorods of Gd2O3 (Gd2O3-NR) and a mixed system of Gd2O3 nanosheets and nanorods (Gd2O3-NS+NR) have been prepared by template-free methods without the use of any surfactant or a catalyst. These samples crystallize in cubic crystal structure (space group Ia-3, no. 206, cI80). Magnetization data indicate typical paramagnetic behavior in the temperature range of 300 K to 5 K for all the samples. All three Gd2O3 nanostructures display large magnetocaloric effect at temperatures below ∼10 K. While the maximum isothermal magnetic entropy change (ΔSm) value at 6 K is about −22.6 Jkg−1K−1 for the Gd2O3 nanorods and −17.8 Jkg−1K−1 for Gd2O3 nanoparticles for a magnetic field change of 70 kOe, the mixed Gd2O3 nanosheets and nanorods system prepared by wet chemical method shows a maximum ΔSm value of −23.6 Jkg−1K−1 for the same field change. These are about 41% to 89% more than that of bulk Gd2O3. Therefore, Gd2O3-based nanostructures could be very useful for low temperature magnetic refrigeration applications.

Magnetic Field‐Driven NiCo‐3DOMC Modified Separators for Effective Lithium Polysulfide Mitigation and Catalysis

AbstractLithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) face challenges from the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and slow redox kinetics. In this study, a NiCo‐Doped 3D Ordered Mesoporous Carbon (NiCo‐3DOMC) composite material is synthesized using a gel‐crystalline template and sol–gel method to modify polypropylene separators in LSBs. Density Functional Theory calculations and experiment results demonstrate that under a magnetic field, the NiCo‐3DOMC enhances adsorption and catalyzes the conversion of LiPSs, effectively mitigating the shuttle effect and boosting redox kinetics. This improvement is due to the material's porous structure and active catalytic sites. Enhanced by magnetohydrodynamic effects and NiCo spin polarization, the modified separators in LSBs deliver a high initial capacity of 1544.21 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, maintain superior rate performance at 565.49 mAh g−1 at 3 C, and show prolonged cycling stability with only 0.06% capacity decay per cycle over 470 cycles. Even with a sulfur loading of 3.78 mg cm−2, an initial capacity of 884 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C is achieved. This approach marks a significant advancement in LSB performance, leveraging magnetic field applications to improve battery technology.

Integrating Experimental and Computational Insights: A Dual Approach to Ba2CoWO6 Double Perovskites

Double perovskite materials have emerged as key players in the realm of advanced materials due to their unique structural and functional properties. This research mainly focuses on the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of Ba2CoWO6 double perovskite nanopowders utilizing a high-temperature conventional solid-state reaction technique. The successful formation of Ba2CoWO6 powders was confirmed through detailed analysis employing advanced characterization techniques. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman data established that Ba2CoWO6 crystallizes in a cubic crystal structure with the space group Fm-3m, indicative of a highly ordered perovskite lattice. The typical crystallite size, approximately 65 nm, highlights the nanocrystalline nature of the material. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) discovered a distinctive morphology characterized by spherical shaped particles, suggesting a complex particle formation process influenced by synthesis conditions. To probe the electronic structure, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) identified cobalt and tungsten valence states, critical for understanding dielectric properties associated with localized charge carriers. The semiconducting character of the synthesized Ba2CoWO6 nanocrystalline material was confirmed through UV-Visible analysis, which revealed an energy bandgap value of 3.3 eV, which aligns well with the theoretical predictions, indicating the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results. The photoluminescence spectrum exhibited two distinct emissions in the blue-green region. These emissions were attributed to the transitions 3P0→3H4, 3P0→3H5, and 3P0→3H6, primarily resulting from the contributions of Ba2+ ions. The dielectric characteristics of the compound were analyzed across a different range of frequencies, spanning from 1 kHz to 1 MHz. Magnetic characterization using Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) revealed antiferromagnetic behavior of Ba2CoWO6 ceramics at room temperature, attributed to super-exchange interactions between Co3+ and W5+ ions mediated by oxygen ions in the perovskite lattice. Additionally, first-principles calculations based on the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA+U) with a modified Becke–Johnson (mBJ) potential were employed to gain a deeper understanding of the structural and electronic properties of the materials. This approach involved systematically varying the Hubbard U parameter to optimize the description of electron correlation effects. These results deliver an extensive understanding of the structural, optical, morphological, electronic, and magnetic properties of Ba2CoWO6 ceramics, underscoring their potential for electronic and magnetic device applications.

Magnetic Field Effect on Seed and Crude Oil Yields in Mustard (Brassica campestris)

Mustard (Brassica campestris) is an important spice and oil plant. Seed yield and oil quality of mustard vary depending on genetic, ecological, morphological, physiological, cultural, and environmental factors and their interactions. Increasing obtained seed or oil yield as the final product is of great economic importance. One of the innovative and environmentally friendly methods for increasing the efficiency and quality of plant production is magnetic field applications. Mustard varieties 'Tori' and 'Sarson' were used in the study to reveal their performances under the effect of magnetic field (MF) treatments. The seeds of 'Tori' and 'Sarson' varieties were exposed to 150 mT MF strength for different time periods (0-control, 24, 48 and 72 hours). In 'Tori' variety, the highest seed and crude oil yields were obtained in 24-hour-MF treatment as 165.18 kg da-1 and 58.97 kg da-1, respectively, by an increase of 43.39% and 38.72%, respectively, according to control treatment where no MF was used. In variety 'Sarson', seed and crude oil yields were recorded as 210.39 kg da-1 and 78.9 kg da-1, respectively, as the highest in 48-hour-MF treatment by an increase of 54.03% and 44.4%, respectively, according to control. This study reveals that MF treatment increased seed and crude oil yields in mustard, and the protocol could make significant contributions to the yields of other crop plants.