Magnetic Behavior Research Articles

Magnetic properties and I‐V characteristics of DC magnetron sputtered [Co (0.2 nm)/Ni (0.4 nm)]10 thin films

AbstractA set of [Co(0.2 nm)/Ni(0.4 nm)]10 multilayers (MLs) thin films were fabricated on silicon and glass substrate under various distinct conditions (i) as‐prepared films without an under‐layer, (ii) films with a copper [Cu(2 nm)] underlayer (UL), (iii) films with an in situ annealed Ta/Cu UL during sputtering, and (iv) films with post‐annealing treatment, by using a DC magnetron sputtering machine. The [Co/Ni] MLs thin films prepared under various conditions exhibit in‐plane magnetic anisotropic behavior except as‐prepared films which show isotropic behavior. The maximum saturation magnetization was observed in the as‐prepared films prepared on both silicon and glass substrate. The Ta/Cu UL in situ annealing followed by post‐annealing films exhibit highest coercivity, moderate saturation magnetization but lowest squareness in contrast to the films deposited under other conditions. The I‐V curves of the films show diode like behavior with breakdown voltage of 42, 58, 14, and 21 V for [Co/Ni] MLs under four different conditions.

Systematic study of spin dependent electronic, mechanical, optoelectronic and thermoelectric properties of halide double perovskites K2CuCrZ6 (Z = Cl, Br): DFT-calculations

Since spintronic devices can operate at far higher speeds, with less power consumption, and with unlimited durability, it is a developing subject that might eventually replace traditional electronics. Double perovskites have strong spin polarization ferromagnetism, which makes them ideal materials for spintronics. Density Functional Theory has been used in the current study to examine the structural, optoelectronic, magnetic, and thermoelectric characteristics of K2CuCrCl6 and K2CuCrBr6. PBE-sol is used to compute exchange correlation potential, and mBJ potential is used to measure bandgap accurately. The two materials demonstrate a cubic structure and thermodynamic stability, as demonstrated by their respective volume optimization and negative formation energy values. Materials that are ferromagnetic can be identified by their exchange constant values and spin-based energy-volume optimization. It has been noted that the primary contribution in net magnetic moment resulting from exchange splitting and the source for ferromagnetism is the 3-d states of Cr. Additionally, studies of band structure and density-of-states reveal that materials are semiconducting, having indirect bandgap values of 1.3 eV and 1.2 eV for K2CuCrCl6 and K2CuCrBr6, respectively, and substantial ultraviolet absorption in the optical spectra of the materials. In conclusion, the study of thermoelectric characteristics involves the assessment of thermal and electrical conductivities, Seebeck coefficient, power factor, and figure of merit (ZT). K2CuCrCl6 and K2CuCrBr6 both exhibit a high ZT, with values of 0.77 and 0.71, respectively. The findings of electronic and magnetic characteristics of K₂CuCrZ₆ (Z = Cl, Br) reveal that these investigated materials hold significant potential for applications in advanced technologies like spintronic and optoelectronic devices in which their stability and tunable magnetic behavior could be leveraged to develop versatile and more efficient components.

Magnetic behavior of manganese doped aluminum iron oxide

This paper reports the structural and magnetic properties of undoped and manganese doped aluminum iron oxide. The samples were prepared through a conventional solid-state reaction route using the planetary ball milling technique. The XRD profile showed a body centered tetragonal crystalline behavior in a perovskite structure. The field emission scanning electron microscopy images displayed segregated grain into different clusters. The significant magnetic loss tanδ is marked for the manganese doped aluminum iron oxide, which may dissipate as heat radiation and subsequently make it suitable in thermomagnetic devices for medical related research. The well-resolved peaks as observed in the absorption of the imaginary part of the magnetic modulus correspond to the spin resonance. The characteristic frequency is detected to shift rightward and signifying the lone presence of spin rotations in the high-frequency regime. The magnitude of the imaginary part of magnetic modulus increases with both the milling time and Mn content. This implies the more absorption of magnetic energy from the alternating magnetic field that in turn leading to decrease spin rotations and follows the decreasing trend in the grain size. The release of substantial amount of heat associated with the significant magnetic loss tanδ is noticed for the sample AFMO-3 h that mark it as a suitable candidate for thermotherapy in the low-frequency regime, which may be asserted as the novelty of this study. The semicircles in their Nyquist plots represent the single magnetic relaxation of the samples and thus, an equivalent circuit may be assumed consisting of inductance and resistance in series.

Anisotropic magnetic critical behavior of van der Waals room-temperature ferromagnet Fe5GeTe2 identified by magnetocaloric measurements

Due to the room-temperature Curie temperature and large saturation moment, Fe5GeTe2 is considered a highly attractive van der Waals ferromagnet. Studying its magnetic critical behavior can provide valuable information about its magnetic phase transition. Notably, compared with the conventional methods for studying magnetic critical behavior, such as the modified Arrott plot, scaling analysis based on isothermal magnetic entropy change ΔSM(T,H) has advantages in dealing with the complex magnetic system Fe5GeTe2. However, studies on its magnetic critical behavior based on this method remain completely lacking. Here, we investigate the magnetic critical behavior of Fe5GeTe2 based on its ΔSM(T,H). Through scaling analysis of its ΔSM(T,H), two sets of reliable critical exponents β, δ, and γ are obtained, which are 0.320(8), 7.99(1), and 2.24(2) for H//ab and 0.494(2), 4.28(4), and 1.62(3) for H//c. The significant difference between H//ab and H//c indicates strong anisotropy in its magnetic critical behavior. Furthermore, the fact that the obtained critical exponents for both H//ab and H//c cannot be simply described by a single universality class reveals a crossover of magnetic interactions in Fe5GeTe2.

Nanocrystalline/Amorphous Tuning of Al-Fe-Nb (Mn) Alloy Powders Produced via High-Energy Ball Milling.

The demand for advanced Al-based alloys with tailored structural and magnetic properties has intensified for applications requiring a high thermal stability and performance under challenging conditions. This study investigated the phase evolution, magnetic properties, thermal stability, and microstructural changes in the Al-based alloys Al82Fe16Nb2 and Al82Fe14Nb2Mn2, synthesized via mechanical alloying (MA), using stearic acid as a process control agent. The X-ray diffraction results indicated that Al82Fe16Nb2 achieved a β-phase solid solution with 13-14 nm crystallite sizes after 5 h of milling, reaching an amorphous state after 10 h. In contrast, Al82Fe14Nb2Mn2 formed a partially amorphous structure within 10 h, with enhanced stability with additional milling. Magnetic measurements indicated that both alloys possessed soft magnetic behavior under shorter milling times (1-5 h) and transitioned to hard magnetic behavior as amorphization progressed. This phenomenon was associated with a decrease in saturation magnetization (Ms) and an increase in coercivity (Hc) due to structural disorder and residual stresses. Thermal stability analyses on 10 h milled samples conducted via differential scanning calorimetry showed exothermic peaks between 300 and 800 °C, corresponding to phase transformations upon heating. Post-annealing analyses at 550 °C demonstrated the presence of phases including Al, β-phase solid solutions, Al₁3Fe₄, and residual amorphous regions. At 600 °C, the Al3Nb phase emerged as the β-phase, and the amorphous content decreased, while annealing at 700 °C fully decomposed the amorphous phases into stable crystalline forms. Microstructural analyses demonstrated a consistent reduction in and homogenization of particle sizes, with particles decreasing to 1-3 μm in diameter after 10 h. Altogether, these findings highlight MA's effectiveness in tuning the microstructure and magnetic properties of Al-Fe-Nb (Mn) alloys, making these materials suitable for applications requiring a high thermal stability and tailored magnetic responses.

Investigation of thermal, crystal and magnetic behavior of addition of Nd rare earth element effect on CuAlMn shape memory alloy

Investigation of thermal, crystal and magnetic behavior of addition of Nd rare earth element effect on CuAlMn shape memory alloy

Review of Electrical Steels with their Properties and Recent Trends for Improvement

Objectives: This review study provides a thorough analysis of the magnetic behavior and characteristics of electrical steels, including established and novel materials (3%wt Silicon). Methods: We investigate how composition, microstructure, and processing methods affect the magnetic performance of these steels as well as the basic principles guiding their behavior. Thermomechanical processing can be observed for its impact on the material’s microstructure and magnetic properties. This review discusses testing over samples for conventional processes for different % of cold worked or strain hardening and annealing at higher temperatures i.e., 1200°C. For uncertainties regarding the impact of impurities or inclusions on their magnetic properties, the study was carried out to know the effect of cerium addition on the material’s magnetic properties of the material. Findings: It was observed that rolling temperature has significant effect over magnetic properties of the material. A notable improvement in the magnetic permeability of the material and its critical performance metric for soft magnetic materials is indicated by the increase in “Gamma max”. Similarly, the effects of compressive stresses, doping effect, grain size, annealing, and other manufacturing processes were studied, and observed their impact on magnetic properties. This review discusses the literature on future scope with the latest trends. This helps clarify the trade-offs associated with maximizing electrical steels for certain uses. Novelty: This study presents a novel approach towards electrical steel and its magnetic properties by incorporating different alloying elements and optimizing rolling & annealing parameters. A key innovation is the application of machine learning and neural network to predict and optimize material behavior, core loss and provide methods to improve magnetic properties of electrical steels. Significance: Electrical steels are crucial in transformers and electric motors, enhancing efficiency by minimizing energy losses and improving magnetic performance. This can be achieved by changing manufacturing parameters and operating conditions with the help of latest trends. Keywords: Electrical steel, Magnetic properties, Machine learning, Composition, Microstructure, Core loss

Design, Synthesis, Magnetic Properties, and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction of a Butterfly-like Heterometallic Trinuclear [CuII2MnII] Cluster.

A novel heterometallic trinuclear cluster [CuII2MnII(cpdp)(NO3)2(Cl)] (1) has been designed and synthesized by employing a molecular library approach that uses CuCl2·2H2O and Mn(NO3)2·4H2O as inorganic metal salts and H3cpdp as a multifunctional organic scaffold (H3cpdp = N,N'-bis[2-carboxybenzomethyl]-N,N'-bis[2-pyridylmethyl]-1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol). This heterometallic cluster has emerged as an unusual ferromagnetic material and promising electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the domain of inorganic and materials chemistry. Crystal structure analysis establishes the structural arrangement of 1, revealing a butterfly-like topology with an unusual seven-coordinated Mn(II) center. Formation of this cluster is accomplished by a self-assembly process through functionalization of 1 with one μ2:η1:η1-nitrate and two μ2:η2:η1-benzoate groups via the CuII(μ2-NO3)CuII} and {CuII(μ2-O2CC6H5)MnII} linkages, respectively. Variable-temperature SQUID magnetometry revealed the coexistence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions in 1. The observed magnetic behavior in 1 is unexpected because of a large Cu-O-Mn angle with a value of 132.05°, indicating that the correlation between coupling constants and the structural parameters is a multifactor problem. This cluster shows excellent electrocatalytic performance for the HER attaining a current density of 10 mA/cm2 with a Tafel slope of 183 mV dec-1 at a 310 mV overpotential value. Essentially, cluster 1 shows exceptional electrochemical stability at ambient temperature, accompanied by minimal degradation of the current density as examined by chronoamperometric studies. Density functional theory calculations establish the mechanistic insight into the HER process, indicating that the CuII-OCO-MnII site is the active site for formation of molecular hydrogen.

Superior EMI shielding behavior of multi-layer structure of PVDF based laminated nanocomposite material by controlling the size and distribution of W-type hexaferrite magnetic nanofillers therein

The effects of size and distribution of magnetic filler materials with different loading percentages inside PVDF matrix having mono-layer and multi-layer structures for the modulation of EMI shielding behavior are discussed in the present report. W-type hexaferrites are prepared using the sol-gel method, followed by the manually mortared and ball-milled techniques and embedded inside the PVDF matrix separately. Phase analysis and morphological studies are performed and discussed herein to understand the effect of ball mill technique, over the manually mortared process of W-type hexaferrites. Magnetic and dielectric studies are performed and the influence of the ball mill technique on magnetic and dielectric behavior of nanofillers as well as nanocomposite systems are discussed. Various physical properties of the nanocomposite films are performed within the range of 8-12 GHz. Significant modulations of complex permeability and the complex permittivity with size, distribution and loading percentage of the W-type hexaferrite inside PVDF matrix are found and the effect of impedance matching on EMI shielding behavior are also discussed. EMI shielding behavior of the resultant W-type hexaferrite-PVDF films in the 8-12 GHz frequency region shows the modulations of their absorption and/or reflection effectiveness due to the variation of the size, distribution and loading percentage of magnetic filler materials inside PVDF matrix. Both mono-layer and multi-layer structures of W-type hexaferrite-PVDF films are considered and the effect of thickness on the various parts of EMI shielding behavior is also reported.

The Impact of Coordination Distortion on Magnetic Properties of Co (II) Single‐Ion Magnets With Trigonal Prism Coordination Geometry

ABSTRACTTwo Co (II) compounds [Co (abs)2]·2H2O (1) and [Co (pabs)2] (2) (Habs = N‐(pyridine‐2′‐yl methylene)‐2‐aminobenzene sulfonic acid, Hpabs = N‐[(pyridine‐2′‐yl)(phenyl)methylene]‐2‐aminobenzene sulfonic acid) were synthesized by the introduction of sulfonate ligands with different substitutions. Both Co (II) ions are located in a trigonal prism coordination environment with different coordination distortions. Static magnetic studies and theoretical calculations found that easy‐axis magnetic anisotropy is present in both complexes. The contributions of the negative D values are principally derived from the first quartet excited state. Dynamic magnetic investigations uncovered that both compounds have field‐induced single‐ion magnet (SIM) behavior and their magnetic relaxations mainly realize through Raman and direct pathways.

Tailoring structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of Sr0.54Ca0.46Fe6.5-xNixAl5.5O19 hexaferrites via Ni substitution

Sr0.54Ca0,46Fe6.5-xNixAl5.5O19 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) hexaferrite powders were prepared by the sol-gel auto combustion method and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Magnetic measurements were performed with physical properties measurement system (PPMS). The lattice parameters, volume, and lattice strain were calculated. XRD analyses revealed a reduction in crystallite size with increasing Ni content. Interestingly, the magnetic analysis indicated that nickel, with its low magnetic moment, significantly enhanced the magnetization of Sr0.54Ca0.46Fe6.5-xNixAl5.5O19 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) and reduced the coercive field. Furthermore, the Law of Approach to Saturation (LAS) theory was employed to extract the first anisotropy constant, the anisotropy field, and several essential magnetic parameters, providing valuable insights into the magnetic behavior of samples.

Temperature-driven evolution of hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles: A study on structural, morphological and magnetic properties

This report explores the impact of annealing temperature on the structural and magnetic properties of hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles synthesized via the sol-gel auto-combustion method. The samples were annealed at 500 °C, 700 °C, and 900 °C, and characterized using XRD, FE-SEM, FT-IR, and VSM techniques. XRD analysis revealed an increase in crystallite size from 28.35 nm to 47.65 nm with temperature, accompanied by changes in lattice parameters, cell volume, and a reduction in dislocation density. Grain size distribution, observed via FE-SEM, showed a growth trend corresponding to the annealing temperatures, with sizes ranging from 114.8 nm to 167.8 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) verifies the elemental composition. FT-IR analysis revealed characteristic Fe-O vibrational bands between 430 and 525 cm⁻1, corresponding to Fe-O deformation in octahedral and tetrahedral sites. Subtle shifts in these bands with increasing temperature reflect structural changes in the nanoparticles. Magnetic characterization exhibited a decrease in saturation magnetization (MS) from 2.96 emu/g at 500 °C to 0.74 emu/g at 900 °C, while coercivity (HC) increased from 643.2 Oe to 1161.1 Oe, reflecting the influence of temperature on the magnetic domain structure. The observed relationship between the structural evolution and magnetic behavior underscores the potential of annealing to optimize α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles for use in magnetic storage, environmental remediation and multifunctional biomedical applications.

Dinuclear Dysprosium Compounds: The Importance of Rigid Bridges.

We report the synthesis, structures and magnetic behaviour of two isostructural dinuclear Dy3+ complexes where the metal ions of a previously reported monomeric building block are connected by a peroxide (O2 2-) or a pair of fluoride (2×F-) bridges. The nature of the bridge determines the distance between the metal ion dipoles leading to a dipolar coupling in the peroxido bridged compound of only ca. 70 % of that in the bis-fluorido bridged dimer. The sign of the overall coupling between the metals is antiferromagnetic for the peroxido bridged compound and ferromagnetic for the bis-fluorido bridged complex. This in turn influences the magnetisation dynamics. We compare the relaxation characteristics of the dimers with those of the previously reported monomeric building block. The relaxation dynamics for the bis-fluorido system are very fast. On the other hand, comparing the properties of the monomer, the peroxido bridged sample and the corresponding Y-doped sample show that the relaxation properties via a Raman process have very similar parameters. We show that a second dysprosium is important for either tuning or detuning the Single Molecule Magnet (SMM) properties of a system.

Cavity-modulated visualization of dual magnetic coupling behavior for multifunctional Co/DMAOP composites

The demand of microwave-absorbing materials for the marine environment requires the multifunctional characteristic, including microwave absorption, corrosion protection, and antimicrobial. However, achieving these properties without compromising on the microwave-absorbing performance remains a significant challenge. Here, we present a self-sacrificial template strategy to synthesize Co-metal–organic framework (MOF)-74 nanorods, achieving synergistic anticorrosion and antibacterial effects by the introduction of dimethyl octadecyl (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) ammonium chloride (DMAOP). Our findings show that by adjusting the cavity shape, internal and exterior double-coupling behaviors may occur simultaneously, greatly increasing the synthetic composites’ capacity for magnetic loss. As a result, the Co/DMAOP-120 with 100.00 % cavity structure has an ideal reflection loss (RL) value of up to − 68.05 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.88 GHz at a thickness of 3 mm. This material also shows significant corrosion resistance and a bacterial inhibition rate against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) of 93.89 %. The maximum radar scattering cross section (RCS) of Co/DMAOP-120 under far-field conditions is significantly reduced compared to that of a perfect electrical conductor (PEC), further validating the highly efficient wave-absorbing capability of Co/DMAOP-120 in real-world environments. The new magnetic loss mechanism offers fresh recommendations for designing the microstructure of materials that waves in absorb several ways.

DFT and Monte Carlo simulations of the intermetallic compound MnZnSb

The present work aims to investigate the structural, magnetic and electronic properties of ternary intermetallic MnZnSb using density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo simulation (MCs). The obtained ground state results reveal that MnZnSb is stable in the ferromagnetic state with a metallic nature and high magnetic anisotropy. The calculated total and local magnetic moments are 2.96 μ B and 3.05 μ B for MnZnSb. Ferromagnetic behaviour was confirmed using the Stoner criterion. The elastic constants are used to verify the mechanical stability of the MnZnSb compound, demonstrating that the compound is mechanically stable and has a brittle character with low Debye temperature. The magnetic behaviour of MnZnSb is studied using MCs and the obtained results show that undergoes a transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic state at a critical temperature ( T C ) of 320 K. The computed magnetocaloric effect indicates that the compound exhibits large values of relative cooling power at 14 T, around 502.2 J/K.

Finite element based micromagnetic simulations of heterogeneous magnetic microstructures

AbstractMagnetic materials play a crucial role in our everyday lives. As permanent magnets, they are core components in electric motors such as generators for wind turbines, or, as magnetocaloric magnets, they have the potential to change the cooling technology of tomorrow. All of this makes these materials key contributors to “green” energy conversion technology. Accordingly, pushing the development of these materials with a special focus on the performance, efficiency, and harmlessness of the material components contained for humans and the environment is of crucial importance. This work deals with the finite element‐based simulations within the framework of the micromagnetic theory to numerically support the quest of characterizing novel magnetic materials. The main focus remains on the numerical modeling of permanent magnetic polycrystalline materials and the influence of grain boundaries on the effective magnetization. For this purpose, large‐scale simulations of permanent magnetic neodymium‐iron‐boron () samples are carried out and the influence of different mesh sizes on the effective magnetization behavior is investigated.

Trigonal Planar Heteroleptic Lanthanide(III) Bis(silyl)amide Complexes Containing Aminoxyl Radicals and Anions.

Modulation of the crystal field (CF) in lanthanide (Ln) complexes can enhance optical and magnetic properties, and large CF splitting can be achieved with low coordination numbers in specific geometries. We previously reported that the homoleptic near-linear Sm2+ complex [SmII{N(SiiPr3)2}2] (1-Sm) is oxidized by the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy (TEMPO•) radical to give the heteroleptic, approximately trigonal planar Sm3+ complex, [SmIII{N(SiiPr3)2}2(TEMPO-)] (2-Sm). Here, we report the synthesis of homologous [LnIII{N(SiiPr3)2}2(TEMPO-)] (2-Ln; Ln = Tm, Yb) complexes by the oxidation of the parent [Ln{N(SiiPr3)2}2] (1-Ln; Ln = Tm, Yb) with TEMPO•; complexes 2-Ln all contain TEMPO- anions. The homoleptic bent Ln3+ complexes [LnIII{N(SiiPr3)2}2][B(C6F5)4] (3-Ln; Ln = Sm, Tm, Yb) were also treated with TEMPO• to yield the heteroleptic, approximately trigonal planar Ln3+ complexes [LnIII{N(SiiPr3)2}2(TEMPO•)][B(C6F5)4] (4-Ln; Ln = Sm, Tm, Yb); the cations of 4-Ln all contain TEMPO• radicals. We have compared the electronic structures of the two geometrically similar families of Ln3+ complexes with the TEMPO- anion (2-Ln) or TEMPO• radical (4-Ln) using a combination of UV-vis-NIR and EPR spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, and ab initio calculations. These studies revealed no single-molecule magnet behavior for 2-Yb despite evidence for sizable CF splitting and a high degree of purity of the ground stabilized mJ = |±7/2⟩ state, while the radical TEMPO• in 4-Yb did not significantly improve performance.

Structural and magnetic behavior of Mn-doped SnO2 nanorods for diluted magnetic semiconductors

Structural and magnetic behavior of Mn-doped SnO2 nanorods for diluted magnetic semiconductors

RECo-containing metal-organic frameworks based on 3-hydroxyisonicotinic acid: Proton conduction and magnetism

Three heterometallic metal-organic frameworks, namely, {RE2Co3L6(H2O)6}n (RE = Gd (1), Dy (2), Y(3)), have been hydrothermally synthesized based on rare-earth (RE) and transition metal ions and the organic ligand of 3-hydroxyisonicotinic acid (H2L). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that compounds 1‒3 are isomorphic and features three-dimensional (3D) porous structure. In compound 1, the Gd3+ ion is located in the C3 axis, and every two propeller-like {GdCo3} units are capped up and down to a {Gd6Co6} ring through twelve L2‒ ligands, giving rise to the formation of the cavities. Notably, three compounds display high thermal stability determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and good water stability proved by the well-matched of PXRD curves before and after soaked three samples in water for three days. AC impedance measurements exhibit the proton conductivities of compounds 1‒3 with powder samples are distinctly temperature and humidity dependent, and the values can reach 3.38×10‒5, 1.91×10‒5, and 2.23×10‒5 S cm‒1 at 98% RH and 338 K, respectively. Moreover, compounds 1‒3 display antiferromagnetic behaviours, and the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) study indicates that the entropy change (−ΔSm) of compound 1 is 7.1 J kg−1 K−1 at 7 K and 7 T. Compound 2 exhibits the slow magnetic relaxation behaviour.

Flux jumps and mechanical effects in high-temperature superconductors with multi-field coupling model

Mechanical deformation during the magnetization process of high-temperature superconductors can lead to the deterioration in their critical current. A multi-field coupling model involving four physical fields is established to investigate the role of mechanical strain in the flux jump of the superconducting bulk. The electrical, magnetic, thermal, and mechanical coupling behavior is presented and analyzed under different applied fields. The simulation results of the coupled model are compared with experimental data, which showing an agreement. The numerical results indicate that in the superconductors, mechanical deformation significantly affects the electrical, magnetic, and thermal properties owing to a reduction in the critical current density under mechanical strain. The moment and location of magnetic flux jump will change as the mechanical strain is considered. Interestingly, the occurrence of magnetic flux jumps during field-cooling magnetization leads to a decrease in stress in bulk superconductor, suggesting that the fracture may not be caused by flux jumps, which is contrary to common understanding. Moreover, the temperature changes uniformly at different locations within the superconducting bulk. In the extended study, the thermo-magnetic and mechanical properties of the bulk material under ZFCM are presented using the coupled model. The effect of mechanics on the flux jump differs between FCM and ZFCM, which is attributed to the nonlinear changes in the electric field.