Magnetic Stripe Research Articles

Sustainable and No Contact Attendance System

Abstract: This initiative makes use of RFID technology to keep track of every student who enters the classroomand to determine how long they will spend there. Every student is given an RFID tag under the suggested system. Taking attendance is a procedure. can be carried out by putting the card close to theRFID Reader, which will record all the necessary information about the pupil in the Excel Spreadsheet. A form of electronic device with a small antenna and a chip is known as an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) device. Barcode scanners are no longer necessary thanks to RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). It generates a special identification number for that item, which must be scanned to obtain the information, just like a bar code or magnetic strip

The Use Of Specific Expertise While Research On Documents Made In The Form Of Plastic Cards

Abstract. The article highlights issues related to the rising circulation of documents made on the basis of plastic cards in Ukraine and the increase in offenses involving their use. Timely application of specific expertise, the necessity of which is determined by the specificity of the objects, is of particular importance in the investigation of offenses characterized by forgery of plastic cards. Supplementing the methodology for plastic card research using specific expertise should be used in combination with possibilities of traditional forensic examination.
 The article covers questioned document examination that is most often used in proceedings in which research objects are forged plastic cards. Emphasis is made on the characteristics of plastic cards and their protection against forgery as the main research objects. It is emphasized that means of card security, often referred to as security elements, include the following: graphic record, embossing, barcodes, magnetic stripe coding, chip, and laser recording.
 The analysis of forensic examinations conducted during the pre-trial proceedings concerning forged vehicle registration certificates and driver’s licenses is provided. The article details peculiarities of forgery production and stresses issues that cannot be solved with the help of traditional forensic examination methods. The application of specific expertise is possible within advisory activities concerning identification of potential violations involving forged plastic cards.
 The author has concluded that there is a need to conduct multidisciplinary expert research on plastic cards. This research would determine: whether the card submitted for study has been forged and how the forgery has been executed; whether the card has been produced by the issuing enterprise; and whether the examined card has been made from the same materials and on the same technological equipment as other cards from the same batch, etc.
 Diverse methods of committing violations using plastic cards, use of modern technical means by the offenders, and the insufficient informational support of investigators and forensic experts during a pre-trial proceeding lead to low effectiveness in revealing such types of offences.

Evolution of magnetic stripes under uniaxial stress in La1.885Ba0.115CuO4 studied by neutron scattering

We present the effect of uniaxial stress on the magnetic stripes in the cuprate system ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{x}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ with $x=0.115$, previously found to have a stress-induced enhancement in the superconducting transition temperature. By means of neutron scattering, we confirm that the static stripes are suppressed by stress, pointing towards a trade-off between superconductivity and static magnetism, in direct agreement with previously reported muon spin rotation measurements. Additionally, we show that some of the reduced weight in the elastic channel appears to have moved to the inelastic channel, while we can exclude the opening of a spin gap down to an energy of 1 meV. Moreover, a stress-induced momentum shift of the fluctuations towards the typical 1/8 value of commensurability is observed, while no change in periodicity is seen in the static stripe signal. These results impose a strong constraint on the theoretical interpretation of stress-enhanced superconductivity in cuprate systems.

Néel Skyrmion Bubbles in La0.7Sr0.3Mn1–xRuxO3 Multilayers

Ferromagnetic La0.7Sr0.3Mn1-xRuxO3 epitaxial multilayers with controlled variation of the Ru/Mn content were synthesized to engineer canted magnetic anisotropy and variable exchange interactions, and to explore the possibility of generating a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. The ultimate aim of the multilayer design is to provide the conditions for the formation of domains with nontrivial magnetic topology in an oxide thin film system. Employing magnetic force microscopy and Lorentz transmission electron microscopy in varying perpendicular magnetic fields, magnetic stripe domains separated by Néel-type domain walls as well as Néel skyrmions smaller than 100 nm in diameter were observed. These findings are consistent with micromagnetic modeling, taking into account a sizable Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction arising from the inversion symmetry breaking and possibly from strain effects in the multilayer system.

Utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks for Fingerprint-Based Attendance Monitoring

The traditional method of taking attendance using paper sheets is prone to errors like impersonation, loss, or theft. To solve this issue, automatic attendance systems utilizing identification technology such as barcode badges, electronic tags, touch screens, magnetic stripe cards, and biometrics have been implemented. Biometric technology uses physiological or behavioral characteristics for identification purposes, but traditional biometric systems have limitations such as vulnerability to damage or alteration over time, and variations in occlusions, poses, facial expressions, and illumination can affect face recognition accuracy. Fingerprint identification relies on the distinctiveness of fingerprints and involves comparing two impressions of the friction ridges on human fingers or toes to determine if they belong to the same individual. There are five primary categories of fingerprints: arch, tented arch, left loop, right loop, and whorl. Various algorithms have been developed to recognize fingerprints using minutiaebased matching, which involves identifying key features like ridge ending and bifurcation. Deep learning algorithms, particularly convolutional neural networks, have been successful in improving identification accuracy by extracting features automatically from fingerprint images. In recent times, securing personal data has become increasingly important, and the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) identification system is recommended for improving accuracy and performance. This paper proposes a fingerprint identification system that combines three models: CNN, Softmax, and Random Forest (RF) classifiers. The conventional system uses K-means and DBSCAN algorithms to separate the foreground and background regions and extracts features using CNNs and dropout approach. The Softmax acts as a recognizer. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on a public database and shows promising results, providing an accurate and efficient biometric identification system.

ZigBee-Based Self-Service Charging Framework for Plug-in Electric Vehicles

This research presents a self-service charging structure for plug-in type electric vehicles, which includes multiple charging stations, a data service centre, and a mobile communication service centre. Each charging station is equipped with ZigBee networking devices, a charging station computer monitoring centre, and several chargers. The ZigBee networking equipment establishes a wi-fi connection with a ZigBee terminal node device in the electric vehicle. Each charger comprises a charger information management unit, an IC magnetic card identification device, a touch screen, a printer, and a charging device. The proposed self-service charging structure overcomes the issues of unstable electrical connection and high networking complexity associated with both wired and wi-fi communication procedures. It enables user-friendly, safe, auto, and intelligent charging processes without the need for manual intervention. Additionally, the structure supports multiple charging service modes. The research also presents a self-service charging procedure for plug-in type electric vehicles.

The Usage Mode of Beijing Subway System

With the rapid development of engineering in China, the subway network in Beijing has become more and more dense. Studying the pattern of passengers using subway is not only helpful to the travel planning of ordinary citizens, but also of great significance in the future management and planning of the subway system. Previous studies on Beijing metro only focused on individual lines, but this paper analyzes the overall trend of passengers' use of Beijing subway system based on the data of passengers' swipe card using data visualization and linear regression model. This study found that most passengers spend less than 40 minutes on a single subway trip. Peak times for subway use are from 7 a.m. to 9 a.m. and from 5 p.m. to 7 p.m. Passenger’s travel time is larger on lines operate in suburban areas with longer distance between each station, shorter on lines with short travel distance, and varied on lines runs in urban area. Whether the subway line the passenger takes passes through the central area; whether the passenger transfers; the total number of stations taken by passengers, these three variables are all positively correlated with the travel time of passengers, among which the transfer variable has the most significant relationship.

Visualizing the Effect of Oxidation on Magnetic Domain Behavior of Nanoscale Fe3GeTe2 for Applications in Spintronics

Magnetic van der Waals (vdW) materials offer an opportunity to design heterostructures that will lead to exotic functionalities that arise from interfacial interaction. In addition to coupling to different vdW materials, the naturally oxidized surface layer of a vdW material also forms a heterostructure with its bulk film, giving rise to intriguing phenomena. Here, we directly observe the impact of oxidation on the magnetic domains, namely, magnetic stripe domain and skyrmions, in a nanoscale Fe3GeTe2 flake using cryo Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. After the Fe3GeTe2 is exposed to ambient conditions, partial oxidation leads to an increase in the density of skyrmions even under zero magnetic field. Complete oxidation leads to a loss of the magnetic domain structure. We observe a gradual change in Fe3GeTe2 from single crystal to amorphous as the oxidation increases. The oxidized Fe3GeTe2 primarily consists of iron oxide, which could be antiferromagnetic in nature. We hypothesize that the interfacial interaction between these surface antiferromagnetic oxides and the bulk ferromagnetic Fe3GeTe2, as well as the effect of interfacial roughness, leads to the increase in Néel skyrmion creation. This work opens a path to harness controlled oxidation as a build block to create dense skyrmion lattices without the need for an external magnetic field, leading to potential future applications in spintronic devices.

Automated Teller Machines: Enhancing Financial Services with Advanced ATM Solutions

Automated Teller Machines provide significant benefits to customers by providing a convenient and secured way of performing transactions without ever visiting a bank. Beginning with the era of using magnetic strip cards to the adoption of EMV cards, ATMs have revolutionized the way people access their money and financial accounts. This paper aims to emphasize the benefits of enhancing ATM services for financial institutions and talk about future possibilities in ATM services.

Loss Modeling and Reluctance Quantifying of C-Type Amorphous Core for High-Frequency Inductors

The wound core with ultrathin magnetic strip is expected to improve the high-frequency performance of the electronic devices in efficiency and scale. However, the analysis of magnetic properties and calculation of the magnetic loss, including core loss and air-gap loss for cutting double C-type core, are complex and have not been entirely solved. In this article, the magnetic properties of a C-type amorphous core (AMCC0025) at different air-gap lengths are measured through a newly constructed tester. The measurement results are analyzed in detail, and the mechanism of magnetic loss influenced by the air gap is revealed by quantifying the reluctance of the C-type core. An accurate core loss model considering a fringing effect is derived, together with another additional loss model is realized by regression analysis. The evaluation results show that the average error for the partial total loss is less than 10%, and the average error for additional loss and core loss is within 5%. All errors meet the requirements of engineering calculation.

Magnetic SERS Strip Based on 4-mercaptophenylboronic Acid-Modified Fe3O4@Au for Active Capture and Simultaneous Detection of Respiratory Bacteria.

The rapid diagnosis and detection of respiratory bacteria at the early stage can effectively control the epidemic spread and bacterial infection. Here, we designed a rapid, ultrasensitive, and quantitative lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) strip for simultaneous detection of respiratory bacteria S. aureus and S. pneumoniae. In this assay, the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) tags were designed through combining magnetite Raman enhancement nanoparticle Fe3O4@Au/DTNB and recognition element 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA). Further, 4-MPBA could capture multiple bacteria in a complex environmental solution. Based on the strategies, Fe3O4@Au/DTNB-mediated magnetic enrichment and 4-MPBA-mediated universal capture capabilities improved the detection sensitivity, the limits of detection for S. aureus and S. pneumoniae were as low as 8 and 13 CFU mL-1, respectively, which were more sensitive than those of colloidal gold method. The Fe3O4@Au/DTNB/Au/4-MPBA-LFA also exhibited good reproducibility, excellent specificity, and high recovery rates in sputum samples, indicating its potential application in the detection of respiratory bacteria samples.

The Luminescence Hypothesis of Olfaction.

A new hypothesis for the mechanism of olfaction is presented. It begins with an odorant molecule binding to an olfactory receptor. This is followed by the quantum biology event of inelastic electron tunneling as has been suggested with both the vibration and swipe card theories. It is novel in that it is not concerned with the possible effects of the tunneled electrons as has been discussed with the previous theories. Instead, the high energy state of the odorant molecule in the receptor following inelastic electron tunneling is considered. The hypothesis is that, as the high energy state decays, there is fluorescence luminescence with radiative emission of multiple photons. These photons pass through the supporting sustentacular cells and activate a set of olfactory neurons in near-simultaneous timing, which provides the temporal basis for the brain to interpret the required complex combinatorial coding as an odor. The Luminescence Hypothesis of Olfaction is the first to present the necessity of or mechanism for a 1:3 correspondence of odorant molecule to olfactory nerve activations. The mechanism provides for a consistent and reproducible time-based activation of sets of olfactory nerves correlated to an odor. The hypothesis has a biological precedent: an energy feasibility assessment is included, explaining the anosmia seen with COVID-19, and can be confirmed with existing laboratory techniques.

Coherent correlation imaging for resolving fluctuating states of matter

Fluctuations and stochastic transitions are ubiquitous in nanometre-scale systems, especially in the presence of disorder. However, their direct observation has so far been impeded by a seemingly fundamental, signal-limited compromise between spatial and temporal resolution. Here we develop coherent correlation imaging (CCI) to overcome this dilemma. Our method begins by classifying recorded camera frames in Fourier space. Contrast and spatial resolution emerge by averaging selectively over same-state frames. Temporal resolution down to the acquisition time of a single frame arises independently from an exceptionally low misclassification rate, which we achieve by combining a correlation-based similarity metric1,2 with a modified, iterative hierarchical clustering algorithm3,4. We apply CCI to study previously inaccessible magnetic fluctuations in a highly degenerate magnetic stripe domain state with nanometre-scale resolution. We uncover an intricate network of transitions between more than 30 discrete states. Our spatiotemporal data enable us to reconstruct the pinning energy landscape and to thereby explain the dynamics observed on a microscopic level. CCI massively expands the potential of emerging high-coherence X-ray sources and paves the way for addressing large fundamental questions such as the contribution of pinning5–8 and topology9–12 in phase transitions and the role of spin and charge order fluctuations in high-temperature superconductivity13,14.

Rancangan Teknologi RFID Gerbang Parkir Pada UINSU Medan

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is an identification method using a barcode or magnetic card and an RFID reader as the reading media. This research is based on the results of observations and previous studies that aim to design RFID for parking gates at Tuntungan North Sumatra State Islamic University. Data collection uses the Observation method. The results of this study aim to determine the success of the RFID design at the gates of Tuntungan North Sumatra State Islamic University. Testing has been carried out through prototype trials. This research focuses on the success of the gate design of the Tuntungan North Sumatra State Islamic University, which aims to facilitate access in and out of the gate in order to reduce parking queues.

Proposal for the search for exotic spin-spin interactions at the micrometer scale using functionalized cantilever force sensors

Spin-dependent exotic interactions can be generated by exchanging hypothetical bosons, which were introduced to solve some puzzles in physics. Many precision experiments have been performed to search for such interactions, but no confirmed observations have been made. We propose new experiments to search for the exotic spin-spin interactions that can be mediated by axions or ${\mathrm{Z}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ bosons. A sensitive functionalized cantilever is utilized as a force sensor to measure the interactions between the spin-polarized electrons in a periodic magnetic source structure and a closed-loop magnetic structure integrated on the cantilever. The source is set to oscillate during data acquisition to modulate the exotic force signal to high harmonics of the oscillating frequency. This helps to suppress the spurious signals at the signal frequency. Different magnetic source structures are designed for different interaction detections. A magnetic stripe structure is designed for ${\mathrm{Z}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$-mediated interactions, which are insensitive to the detection of axion-mediated interactions. This allows us to measure the coupling constant of both if we assume that both exist. With the force sensitivity achievable at low temperatures, the proposed experiments are expected to search for parameter spaces with much smaller coupling constants than the current stringent constraints from micrometer to millimeter range. Specifically, the lower bound of the parameter space will be 7 orders of magnitude lower than the stringent constraints for ${\mathrm{Z}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$-mediated interactions, and an order of magnitude lower for axion-mediated interactions, at the interaction range of $10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}\mathrm{m}$.

Switching magnetic strip orientation using electric fields.

In spintronics, ordered magnetic domains are important for magnetic microdevices and controlling the orientation of ordered magnetic domains is important for applications such as domain wall resistance and spin wave propagation. Although a magnetic field or a current can reorient ordered magnetic domains, an energy-efficient electric-field-driven rotation of the ordered magnetic domains remains elusive. Here, using a nanotrenched polymeric layer, we obtain ordered magnetic strip domains in Ni films on a ferroelectric substrate. By applying electric fields to the ferroelectric substrate, we demonstrate that the ordered magnetic strip domains in Ni films are switched between the y- and x-axes driven by electric-fields. This switching of magnetic strip orientation is attributed to the electric-field-modulated in-plane magnetic anisotropies along the x- and y-axes of the Ni films, which are caused by the anisotropic biaxial strain of the ferroelectric substrate via strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling. These results provide an energy-efficient approach for manipulating the ordered magnetic domains using electric fields.

A Novel Directional Antenna for Next-Generation Fare Payment System

The fare payment system for public transportation has developed from coins, paper tickets, magnetic strips, and pre-paid cards to new technologies such as Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) and Near Field Communication (NFC). Most fare payment systems are a fusion of NFC and mobile payment. As the latest fare payment system, the studies on gate-free technology without tag action are in progress. The gate-free system has several advantages, such as improving user convenience, eliminating congestion, and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. We introduce a gate-free system using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology as the next-generation fare payment system for public transportation. We propose a smart block structure for a gate-free system and analyze the antenna for this structure. A directional antenna is required for location detection of multiple mobile terminals in the gate-free zone, and an antenna to satisfy the requirements is analyzed. A stacked air-gap patch array that satisfies BLE performance and has high directivity has been proposed within the limited smart block size. To compensate for the low bandwidth of the patch antenna, an air gap is added between the patch radiator and the ground, and the antenna gain is increased by applying a stacked patch on the patch radiator. Based on the proposed antenna and smart block, a gate-free system testbed is installed, and the testing results are presented.

Development of control system for robotic apple harvesting device

This article focuses on the control system of a robotic device designed for efficient apple harvesting with minimal fruit damage. The developed device is equipped with specialized mechanisms and sensors aimed at reducing negative impacts on fruits during harvesting. A control system for the robotic device was developed, incorporating various sensors and modules. A module for determining the position of the grip arms was designed, consisting of a polymeric magnetic strip attached to a spiral-shaped cutout. A module to track the position of the grip arms was also developed, capable of indicating the current position of the grip arms, fully open and closed grip, as well as intermediate values. A module to monitor the grip force was designed, used to control the gripping force applied to the fruit. A current sensor was connected to the winding of the linear actuator motor to measure the force. Increasing the force applied by the grip arms to the fruit results in higher current flowing through the linear actuator motor winding. By reading the current sensor data, the degree of compression on the fruit is determined. During testing of the control system modules and sensors, it was found that the grip arm angle position module has the highest sensitivity in the range of 0 to 90 degrees. The obtained data after calibration enable the control of the degree of grip arm opening. The grip arm position module allowed controlling and adjusting the grip arm position with an accuracy of up to 2 mm. A control system for a robotic grip for apple harvesting was developed. Various modules contributing to efficient apple harvesting were designed. One of the key modules is the grip force control module, which regulates the degree of fruit compression during robotic fruit harvesting, thus minimizing fruit damage.

Remote measurement of spherocylindrical spectacle lens prescriptions

A system has been developed to measure spherocylindrical spectacle lenses. The global pandemic limited access to regular eye exams. The system bypasses this limitation by providing at-home prescription measurements. The power and orientation of the spectacle lenses are obtained with a cell phone camera, a displayed or printed target, and a magnetic stripe card. The spatially varying magnification of the lenses is calculated by examining the image captured through the lens of the target at a fixed distance. This information is then used to calculate a clinical prescription, i.e., Sph/Cyl × Axis. The system is tested with 48 single-power spherocylindrical lenses with a range of −11.25 to +4.25 D for Sph, −5.25 to −0.25 D for Cyl, and a whole range of Axis. The results are plotted in comparison with these reference prescriptions provided by a commercially available lensmeter and show good agreement. The image processing and clinical prescription calculation are discussed here.

Influence of the oceanic crust structure on marine magnetic anomalies: Review and forward modelling

Marine magnetic anomaly strips are important for plate tectonic studies, thereby promoting the development of the geoscience revolution. Most previous studies typically consider a lava layer with vertical polarity boundaries as a simplified magnetic source layer. However, it cannot accurately explain the observed magnetic anomaly data; thus, complex oceanic crusts with multiple magnetic source layers, such as lava, dike, and gabbro layers, and various polarity boundary dip angles should be considered. To date, there is a lack of systematic understanding about how the dike and gabbro layers affect the total marine magnetic anomalies, particularly the effect of lava layers with different boundary inclinations on the intensity and polarity boundary of the magnetic anomaly. This study aimed to confirm the significance of these factors. Hence, we systematically simulated and analysed the magnetic anomaly characteristics with different inclination and magnetization settings for each layer using the forward modelling method and determined the impact of the complexity of the magnetic structure of the oceanic crust on the magnetic anomaly. Our results showed that the contributions of the dike and gabbro layers to the magnetic anomalies was up to 10%–30% and cannot be ignored. Moreover, the polarity transition point may shift with the inclination of the lava, dike, and gabbro layers but is insensitive to the magnetization of each layer. This study emphasizes the significance of the dike and gabbro layers and the inclination variations of different layers, which should be thoroughly studied. This study facilitates a reasonable interpretation of the magnetic structure of the oceanic crust and further refines the boundary of the magnetization zone with alternative polarity.