Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy In Diagnosis Research Articles

Complementary effect of H MRS in diagnosis of suprasellar tumors

ObjectiveSuprasellar tumors are considered exceptionally important in neurosurgical practice due to their proximity to vital portions of the brain. Predicting histology of these tumors is of prime importance in determining the surgical approach, prognosis, and probable postoperative complications. There are numerous cases where computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fail to predict histology. We have studied the role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the diagnosis of suprasellar tumors. MethodsTwenty-three patients with primary nonfunctional suprasellar tumors and high-quality magnetic resonance spectra were studied. The most probable diagnosis (adenoma, meningioma, craniopharyngioma, or astrocytoma) was made by a neuroradiologist based on the MRI findings and then based on MRI plus MRS findings. Finally, the results were compared with the pathology report. ResultsThe information provided by MRS led the radiologist to alter his prior diagnosis that was based on the MRI in four patients, and the final diagnoses were in accordance with the histopathology. Wrong diagnosis was made by MRI plus MRS in three patients. Test efficiency of MRI was 69.6%, and it was 87% for MRI plus MRS. However, the difference was not statistically significant (P value=.152). ConclusionMRS may be useful in providing a more improved preoperative diagnosis of suprasellar tumors.

Role of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosis of pilocytic astrocytoma in children

BackgroundPilocytic astrocytomas are the second overall most common pediatric brain tumor. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is widely used in the diagnosis and follow up of pediatric patients with pilocytic astrocytomas because of its ability to provide anatomical detail. However conventional MR imaging does not provide information about tissue biochemistry. Aim of the workTo study the role of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosis of pilocytic astrocytoma in children. Subjects and methodsThis study included seven pediatric patients with histopathologically proven pilocytic astrocytoma. All patients were subjected to full history taking and thorough clinical examination. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed at 1.5Tesla MR system using a standard head coil. Imaging included conventional MRI and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was done using either single or multi-voxel technique. Surgical biopsy was then performed to all patients and correlation with histopathological data was done. ResultsOut of the seven patients included in this study, six were females and one was male with mean age of 9.5years, the tumor was located in five of them in the posterior fossa, located in right thalamo-peduncular region in one patient and located in the hypothalamic–chiasmatic region in one patient.MR spectroscopic study showed the same findings in all the lesions including high Cho/NAA and Cho/Cr ratios (3.53±1.5) and (7.21±4.2), respectively, relative low concentration of creatine with increased NAA/Cr ratio (2.32±1.1). Lactate doublet was detected in all cases while no lipid peaks were detected. ConclusionBased on the findings in this study we suggest that pilocytic astrocytoma has a specific spectroscopic metabolic profile which could be diagnostic for this type of tumor.

In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cancer

Magnetic resonance (MR) methods provide anatomical, physiological and metabolic assessment of the cancer non- invasively. In vivo MR spectroscopy (MRS) provides information on endogenous metabolites present in tissues which is useful not only for diagnosis but also for monitoring the tumor response to therapy. Technical developments in field of in vivo MRS have resulted in mapping spatial distribution of metabolites (spectroscopic imaging), improvement in spectral sensitivity and resolution, and determination of absolute concentration of metabolites. The localized proton MRS first reported two decades ago has now emerged as a non-invasive methodology, to be used in clinical settings for the evaluation of brain and other tumors. The method has shown tremendous potential in the assessment of cancer of different organs, notably, in brain, breast and prostate cancers. Recent developments in MRS technology has made possible to expand its application to other malignancies such as musculoskeletal system, head and neck, and liver. In this review we briefly summarize the potential applications of MRS in diagnosis, staging, monitoring treatment, guiding biopsies and prediction of malignancy in brain, breast and prostate cancers. We also present briefly the current status and limitations of the applications of MRS in musculoskeletal system and liver, as two examples.

MRI in Diagnosis of Orbital Masses

Purpose: To evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosis of different orbital masses and their advantages over conventional magnetic resonance imaging.Methods: The study included 32 patients presenting with proptosis. Every patient was subjected to a clinical examination; conventional MRI “T1 weighted, T2 weighted, and post-contrast T1 weighted if needed;” diffusion-weighted MRI; and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Orbitotomy was performed, the orbital mass was excised, and histopathological examination was performed.Results: Diffusion-weighted MRI can be used to differentiate between benign lesions and malignant tumors in 75% of cases; however, overlap occurred in 25% of cases with benign tumors showing restricted diffusion while proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy could differentiate between benign and malignant tumors in 93.7% of cases.Conclusion: Diffusion-weighted MRI and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy increased the accuracy of diagnosis of orbital masses through giving in vivo tissue characterization; with magnetic resonance spectroscopy being more accurate.

Acute Blindness During Hemodialysis: Neuroimaging in Diagnosis

AbstractAcute blindness related to hemodialysis is very rare. It is important to find out the real etiology before beginning treatment. In this case, we sought to emphasize the importance of diffusion‐weighted imaging, apparent diffusion coefficient mapping, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy for diagnosis. Close collaboration among nephrologists, neuro‐ophthalmologists, and radiologists is important in this interdisciplinary emergency.

MR Spectroscopy in Diagnosis and Neurological Decision-Making

One of the most prolific chemical and anatomical imaging techniques of recent decades, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), includes the ability to noninvasively assess neurochemical changes with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Practical concerns are paramount in applying MRS, such as what the manufacturer provides with a routine MRI scanner, what methods are well tolerated by patients, and what has proved most diagnostically productive over a 25 year span of preliminary exploration of the technology. In this review, the authors explain the technical and neurochemical aspects of MRS and critically discuss its clinical neuroimaging applications.

Value of 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosis of hepatic cellular carcinoma

目的 利用31P磁共振波谱(magnetic resonance spectroscopy,MRS)分析肝细胞癌与正常肝组织的磷脂和能量代谢特点.方法 16例正常人(对照组)及10例肝细胞癌患者(观察组)纳入本研究,对照组既往无肝病史,生化检查确认无异常,肝细胞癌患者经病理检查证实,用Sonata 1.5T磁共振仪行31P-MRS检查,对磷酸单脂、磷酸单脂/β-三磷酸腺苷、磷酸单脂/磷酸二脂指标作独立样本t检验.结果 对照组和观察组的上述3个指标均值分别为0.71±0.19、0.33±0.16、0.37±0.12和3.13±0.53、1.88±0.2、2.27±0.42,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 31P-MRS能够无创性鉴别肝细胞癌与正常肝组织的代谢改变, 可以对肝细胞癌进行早期诊断。

Role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosis and management of multiple sclerosis

Application of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to study the nature, pathogenesis, tissue injury and therapeutic response of MS patients has altered our view of multiple sclerosis (MS) fundamentally. By offering biochemical analysis of demyelinating lesions and axonal injury, MRS generates objective and quantifiable data on central nervous system tissue and metabolism during pathogenesis of MS. Of these biochemical markers, N-acetylaspartate, which serves as an indicator of neuronal and axonal injury and choline (Cho) peaks which demonstrate cell membrane metabolism, provide a plethora of data on the neuropathology of MS. Based on these findings, MRS provides neuroscientists with a unique diagnostic and prognostic tool to follow MS patients and assess their response to treatment with immunomodulators. MRS findings are so significant that consideration should be given to their routine inclusion as secondary outcome measures in clinical trials of MS patients.

In vivo MR spectroscopy in diagnosis and research of neuropsychiatric disorders

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is one of the most important tools for quantitative analysis of chemical composition and structure, and this non-invasive technique is now being applied in vivo to study biochemical processes in those neuropsychiatric disorders that are part of the phospholipid spectrum. Interpretation of a clinical magnetic resonance spectrum can provide information about membrane phospholipid turnover, cellular energetics, neuronal function, selected neurotransmitter activity and intracellular pH. Cerebral proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings are summarized in relation to schizophrenia, dyslexia and chronic fatigue syndrome.

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in brain tumours: clinical applications.

Parallel to the rapid development of clinical MRI, MR spectroscopy (MRS) has, after starting as an analytical tool used in chemistry and physics, evolved to a noninvasive clinical examination. Most common neuroradiological diagnostic indications for MRS are functional inborn errors, neonatal hypoxia, ischaemia, metabolic diseases, white matter and degenerative diseases, epilepsy, inflammation, infections and intracranial neoplasm. Compared to CT and MRI, well-established morphological diagnostic tools, MRS provides information on the metabolic state of brain tissue. We review the clinical impact of MRS in diagnosis of tumours and their differentiation from non-neoplastic lesions.

Abnormal testicular function: potential of P-31 MR spectroscopy in diagnosis.

Phosphorus-31 MR spectroscopy of the human testis was performed on healthy volunteers (n = 17) and oligospermic (n = 7) and azoospermic patients (n = 4). All patients in the latter group had the Sertoli-cell-only syndrome. Determination of the ratios of phosphomonoesters (PMs) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphodiesters (PDs) to ATP, and inorganic phosphate (Pi) to ATP made it possible to discriminate among these three groups. The testicular PM/ATP ratio was 1.71 +/- 0.03 (mean +/- standard deviation) in the healthy volunteers and dropped to 1.41 +/- 0.06 (P less than .001 in comparison with healthy volunteers) in the oligospermic patients and to 1.22 +/- 0.07 (P less than .001) in the azoospermic patients. The testicular PD/ATP ratio did show a slight increase from 0.52 +/- 0.10 in healthy volunteers to 0.68 +/- 0.09 (not significant) for oligospermic patients and to 0.83 +/- 0.10 (P less than .01) for azoospermic patients. The Pi/ATP ratio did not show significant differences between healthy volunteers (0.12 +/- 0.07) and oligospermic patients (0.23 +/- 0.08) but was elevated in the azoospermic patients (0.79 +/- 0.12) (P less than .001).