Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Data Research Articles

Low- and High-resolution Dynamic Analyses for Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Data.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can be used to measure in vivo concentrations of neurometabolites. This information can be used to identify neurotransmitter involvement in healthy (e.g., perceptual and cognitive processes) and unhealthy brain function (e.g., neurological and psychiatric illnesses). The standard approach for analyzing MRS data is to combine spectral transients acquired over a ~10 min scan to yield a single estimate that reflects the average metabolite concentration during that period. The temporal resolution of metabolite measurements is sacrificed in this manner to achieve a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio to produce a reliable estimate. Here we introduce two analyses that can be used to increase the temporal resolution of neurometabolite estimates produced from MRS measurements. The first analysis uses a sliding window approach to create a smoothed trace of neurometabolite concentration for each MRS scan. The second analysis combines transients across participants, rather than time, producing a single "group trace" with the highest possible temporal resolution achievable with the data. These analyses advance MRS beyond the current "static" application by allowing researchers to measure dynamic changes in neurometabolite concentration and expanding the types of questions that the technique can be used to address.

Detection of pseudo brain tumors via stacked LSTM neural networks using MR spectroscopy signals

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is one of the non-invasive tools used in the detection of brain tumors. MRS provides a metabolic profile about the brain. In this profile, MRS patterns of the tumors and pseudo tumors can be similar to each other. For this reason, accurate diagnosis and classification of brain tumor is of vital importance for the patient's treatment planning. It has been widely preferred by physicians in recent years because it does not pose the risk of infection and death due to surgery like biopsy. In this study, binary classification of brain tumors and normal brain tissue with pseudo-brain tumors is achieved via deep neural networks using MRS data. For the classification of MRS signals, a stacked model based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) deep neural networks is proposed. In the experimental studies in the study, MRS signals from normal brain tissue, brain tumor and pseudo-brain tumors in the INTERPRET database are used. Since the MRS data belonging to a large number of tumors and pseudo-tumors are required for training and testing of the LSTM neural networks, the number of data for the MRS dataset is increased by data augmentation methods. Training and testing of the LSTM neural networks used are performed with a repeated 5-fold cross validation and 10 repetitions for each model. As a result of this study, proposed a stacked model for computer-aided binary classification of MRS data, classification results of 93.44%, 85.56%, 88.33% and 99.23% are obtained for the classification of pseudo brain tumor with glioblastoma, diffuse astrocytoma, metastatic brain tumors and normal brain tissue, respectively. Therefore, it is confirmed that the proposed LSTM-based stacked method is successful in detecting pseudo brain tumors using MRS signals.

Greener and Additive‐Free Ring Opening of Epoxides by All‐in‐One Choline Systems

AbstractAdaptation of all‐in‐one ionic systems with ionic liquids (ILs) serving as solvent, reactant, and catalyst is an innovative approach in the organic synthesis. Mild and bio clean choline based ILs as all‐in‐one systems (solvent, reagent, and catalyst) were developed via a simple metathesis approach and were applied on the ring‐opening reaction of epoxides. Sustained transformation of various epoxides using choline cyanide, azide, and hydroxide ILs delivered a neat, efficient and convenient protocol for the synthesis of β‐substituted alcohols in moderate to high yields (64‐97 %) with excellent activity and selectivity as confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data.

Higher Cho/NAA Ratio in Postoperative Peritumoral Edema Zone Is Associated With Earlier Recurrence of Glioblastoma.

Objective: To explore the prognostic significance of metabolic parameters in postoperative peritumoral edema zone (PEZ) of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) based on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).Methods: The postoperative MRS data of 67 patients with GBM from Beijing Tiantan Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Metabolite ratios including Cho/NAA, Cho/Cr, and NAA/Cr in both postoperative PEZ and contralateral normal brain region were recorded. Log-rank analysis and Cox regression model were used to identify parameters correlated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).Results: Compared with the contralateral normal brain region, postoperative PEZ showed a lower ratio of NAA/Cr (1.20 ± 0.42 vs. 1.81 ± 0.48, P < 0.001), and higher ratios of Cho/Cr and Cho/NAA (1.36 ± 0.44 vs. 1.02 ± 0.27, P < 0.001 and 1.32 ± 0.59 vs. 0.57 ± 0.14, P < 0.001). Both the ratios of Cho/NAA and NAA/Cr were identified as prognostic factors in univariate analysis (P < 0.05), while only Cho/NAA ≥ 1.31 was further confirmed as an independent risk factor for early recurrence in the Cox regression model (P < 0.01). According to the factors of MGMT promoter unmethylation, without radiotherapy and Cho/NAA ≥ 1.31, a prognostic scoring scale for GBM was established, which could divide patients into low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk groups. There was a significant difference of survival rate between the three groups (P < 0.001).Conclusions: Higher Cho/NAA ratio in the postoperative PEZ of GBM predicts earlier recurrence and is associated with poor prognosis. The prognostic scoring scale based on clinical, molecular and metabolic parameters of patients with GBM can help doctors to make more precise prediction of survival time and to adjust therapeutic regimens.

Design of a dedicated circular coil for Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy studies in small phantoms and animal acquisition with a 3 Tesla Magnetic Resonance clinical scanner

Abstract Introduction: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is a very powerful tool to explore the tissue components, by allowing a selective identification of molecules and molecular distribution mapping. Due to intrinsic Signal-to-Noise Ratio limitations (SNR), MRS in small phantoms and animals with a clinical scanner requires the design and development of dedicated radiofrequency (RF) coils, a task of fundamental importance. In this article, the authors describe the simulation, design, and application of a 1H transmit/receive circular coil suitable for MRS studies in small phantoms and small animal models with a clinical 3T scanner. In particular, the circular coil could be an improvement in animal experiments for tumor studies in which the lesions are localized in specific areas. Material and methods: The magnetic field pattern was calculated using the Biot–Savart law and the inductance was evaluated with analytical calculations. Finally, the coil sensitivity was measured with the perturbing sphere method. Successively, a prototype of the coil was built and tested on the workbench and by the acquisition of MRS data. Results: In this work, we demonstrate the design trade-offs for successfully developing a dedicated coil for MRS experiments in small phantoms and animals with a clinical scanner. The coil designed in the study offers the potential for obtaining MRS data with a high SNR and good spectral resolution. Conclusions: The paper provides details of the design, modelling, and construction of a dedicated circular coil, which represents a low cost and easy to build answer for MRS experiments in small samples with a clinical scanner.

Secondary Metabolites Isolated From Streptomyces sp. MJM3055 and Their Cytotoxicity Against Jurkat Cells

Bacteria of the genus Streptomyces are used in multiple applications in the medical field owing to their ability to generate large quantities of secondary metabolites. Chromatographic purification of Streptomyces sp. MJM3055 led to the isolation of 1 new streptenol derivative, 1- O-acetylstreptenol A (2), along with (3 E,8 E)-1-hydroxydeca-3,8-dien-5-one (1), streptenol A (3), cyclo-(L-Ile-L-Pro) (4), streptazolin (5), and 7- O-acetylstreptazolin (6). The structures were elucidated by interpretation of combined mass spectrometry, circular dichroism, and 2-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic data. Among these isolated compounds, compound 1 exhibited strong cytotoxic effects against Jurkat T cells.

Bioactive Polyketides From the Potato Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus carneus

A previously undescribed polyketide (1) and 3 known analogs (2-4) were obtained from cultures of the potato endophytic fungus Aspergillus carneus. The structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of 1 was further determined by electronic circular dichroism and optical rotation calculations. Compounds 1-4 showed moderate antifungal activity against plant pathogens. Compounds 1, 2, and 4 inhibited nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of 13.36, 30.16, and 51.47 µM, respectively. Compound 4 showed effective antioxidant activity.

Vacillantins A and B, New Anthrone C-glycosides, and a New Dihydroisocoumarin Glucoside from Aloe vacillans and Its Antioxidant Activities.

A new dihydroisocoumarin glucoside, vacillanoside (3), and two new anthrone C-glycosides microdantin derivatives; vacillantin A (10) and B (11), together with nine known compounds belonging to the anthraquinone, anthrone and isocoumarin groups were isolated from the leaves of Aloe vacillans. The structures were determined based on spectroscopic evidence including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRESIMS) data, along with comparisons to reported data. The leaves were used to extract compounds with different solvents. The extracts were tested for antioxidant activity with a variety of in vitro tests including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS•+), ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), superoxide, and nitric oxide radical scavenging assays. The dichloromethane fraction was most active, displaying significant free radical scavenging activity. The n-butanol fraction also showed notable activity in all assays. Therefore, these findings support the potential use of A. vacillans leaves as an antioxidant medication due to the presence of polyphenolic compounds.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and H1-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Measures of Excitation and Inhibition Following Lorazepam Administration

This study aimed at better understanding the neurochemistry underlying transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measurements as it pertains to GABAergic activity following administration of allosteric GABAA receptor agonist lorazepam. Seventeen healthy adults (8 females, 26.0 ± 5.4 years old) participated in a double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study, where participants underwent TMS and MRS two hours after drug intake (placebo or lorazepam; 2.5 mg). Neuronavigated TMS measures reflecting cortical inhibition and excitation were obtained in the left primary motor cortex. Sensorimotor cortex and occipital cortex MRS data were acquired using a 3T scanner with a MEGA-PRESS sequence, allowing water-referenced [GABA] and [Glx] (glutamate + glutamine) quantification. Lorazepam administration decreased occipital [GABA], decreased motor cortex excitability and increased GABAA-receptor mediated motor cortex inhibition (short intracortical inhibition (SICI)). Lorazepam intake did not modulate sensorimotor [GABA] and TMS measures of intra-cortical facilitation, long-interval cortical inhibition, cortical silent period, and resting motor threshold. Furthermore, higher sensorimotor [GABA] was associated with higher cortical inhibition (SICI) following lorazepam administration, suggesting that baseline sensorimotor [GABA] may be valuable in predicting pharmacological or neuromodulatory treatment response. Finally, the differential effects of lorazepam on MRS and TMS measures, with respect to GABA, support the idea that TMS measures of cortical inhibition reflect synaptic GABAergic phasic inhibitory activity while MRS reflects extrasynaptic GABA.

Author response: Meta-analysis of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy.

The authors thank Dr. Gupta for the comment on our article.1 Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis; its pathophysiology is incompletely understood. Our meta-analysis was a review of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data in HE, which confirmed a specific metabolic pattern, consisting of increased glutamine/glutamate—with reduced choline—and myo-inositol, particularly in the parietal lobes.1 The changes increased with the severity of HE. We agree that this would have limited diagnostic utility in overt HE, which is clinically obvious. We strongly disagree, however, about covert or minimal HE (MHE), which are defined as the presence of neuropsychologic or neurophysiologic abnormalities in patients with no obvious—i.e., at least disorientation for time or asterixis—clinical signs of overt HE. Here, there is a potential role for MRS in diagnosis, monitoring, and investigation. In a recent French cohort of cirrhotic individuals with and without MHE, HE pattern MRS changes in the pallidum were present in 95% of MHE vs 0% of unimpaired patients ( p < 0.001), suggesting MRS could outperform other modalities of MHE diagnosis.2 MRS may also have a significant role in future pathophysiologic and pharmacologic HE studies.

Neuroprotective compounds from the resinous heartwood of Aquilaria sinensis

Six undescribed compounds, including three sesquiterpenoids [(4S,5S,7S,8S,11R)-7-hydroxyguai-1(10)-en-8,12-olide, aquilarisinone, and 2Z,7(13),9E-humulatrien-12-ol-5-one], one diphenylpentanone [1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylpentan-3-one], and two 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones (6-epiagarotetrol and triepoxyhexahydrochromone A), along with 15 known compounds, were isolated from the resinous heartwood of Aquilaria sinensis (Thymelaeaceae). Their structures were determined by mass (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of (4S,5S,7S,8S,11R)-7-hydroxyguai-1(10)-en-8,12-olide was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis, and the configurations of (4S,7S,8S,10R,11R)-7,10-epoxyguai-1(5)-en-8,12-olide, aquilarisinone, 6-epiagarotetrol, and triepoxyhexahydrochromone A were confirmed by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. The neuroprotective activities of the compounds were evaluated using models of BACE1 inhibition and PC12 cells with corticosterone- and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine ion (MPP+)-induced damage. At concentrations of 1, 2, and 5 μM, triepoxyhexahydrochromone A, (+)-(7R,10R)-selina-4,11(13)-diene-12,15-dial, (−)-(5R,7R,10R)-12,15-dioxo-α-selinene, and (+)-(1R,4S,5R)-1β-hydroxyeremophila-7(11),9-dien-8-one exerted significant protective effects (p < 0.01) on PC12 cell injury induced by corticosterone, while triepoxyhexahydrochromone A and (−)-(5R,7R,10R)-12,15-dioxo-α-selinene exerted significant protective effects (p < 0.01) on MPP+-induced PC12 cell injury at concentrations of 1, 2, and 5 μM. No compounds produced significant inhibitory effects on BACE1, with inhibition rates of less than 20% observed at a concentration of 20 μM.

A Prognostic Model of the Development of Cognitive Impairments in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective. TO develop a prognostic model of the development of cognitive impairments in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy data. Materials and methods. The study included patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and people without DM (control group). Carbohydrate metabolism was assessed in all participants, and all underwent neuropsychological testing (using the MoCA test) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain. Results were analyzed statistically in IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0. The prognostic model was computed by discriminant analysis. Results. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy data and discriminant analysis yielded a prognostic model for the development of cognitive impairments in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Conclusions. The method developed here for the early diagnosis of cognitive impairments provides early prognostication of the development of cognitive impairments in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and can be used in clinical practice to assess the efficacy of treatment used for the prophylaxis of cognitive impairment.

Cowanin, a Cytotoxic Xanthone from Asam Kandis (Garcinia cowa, Roxb.) Reduced Cell Migration and Induced Cell Cycle Arrest on T47D Human Cancer Cell

This study aims to investigate and evaluate the mechanism action of cowanin, a cytotoxic xanthone isolated from ethanolic extract of the stem bark of asam kandis (Garcinia cowa Roxb). This compound was isolated after successive column and radial chromatography to give a yellow needless crystal, m.p. 121-124 oC. Based on ultraviolet, infrared, mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic data and comparison with those of the literature, this compound was elucidated as cowanin. Since it had activity against T47D human breast cancer cell lines, further investigation of its mechanism activity was performed to explore the effects of cowanin on cell viability, migration of cells, and the cell cycle activities against T47D breast cancer cells. Viability of cell was carried out by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, migration of cells by scratch migration assay, and the cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry method. As a result of this investigation, it can be seen that cowanin could inhibited T47D cells' growth at concentration 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 µg/ml at 48 hours with the IC50 value of 11.11 µg/ml. Cowanin exhibited inhibiting the cell migration T47D cells at concentration 11.1 μg/mL treated cells at 48 h was 0.32 fold compared to control, suggesting the potent inhibitory effect of it. Cowanin is caused in significant detention of T47D cells at the G0-G1 phase of the cell cycle. Based on these data, it can be concluded that cowanin is a potential candidate to be developed as an anticancer drug.

Classification of fentanyl precursors by multivariate analysis of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy data

High-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis techniques have been used extensively in several fields particularly, metabolomics and food quality assessment. In contrast, low-field Fourier transform NMR instruments are a relatively new analytical platform and recent studies have shown its potential application for forensic narcotic identification. In this study Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied on spectra data from both low-field (43 MHz) and high-field (300 MHz) NMR of two key precursors to fentanyl, N-phenethyl-4-piperidone (NPP) and 4-anilino-N-phenethylpiperidine (ANPP). Three different methods were employed for the synthesis of these two precursors – the Siegfried, Valdez and One-Pot methods. The application of low-field NMR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis allowed successful classification of fentanyl precursors, NPP and ANPP, based on each synthetic method’s unique impurity profile. This approach supports the possibility of low-field NMR being employed by law enforcement for forensic attribution of clandestine fentanyl and its precursors to a specific synthetic method.

A secondary metabolite with in vitro radical scavenging activity from endolichenic fungus Daldinia eschscholzii found in lichen, Parmotrema sp. in Sri Lanka

Endolichenic fungi, an unexplored group of microorganisms, are a promising source of bioactive compounds. Secondary metabolites were isolated from the chloroform fraction of crude ethyl acetate extract of endolichenic fungus Daldinia eschscholzii inhabiting the lichen, Parmotrema sp. in Sri Lanka. Two pure compounds, 1 and 2 were isolated and the structures were identified using 1H-, 13C-, 2D- nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) data. Compound 1 did not show any radical scavenging activity in DPPH assay. Compound 2, identified as 8-methoxynaphthalen-1-ol showed strong radical scavenging ability in the DPPH assay with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 10.2 ± 5.8 µg/ mL. The activity of compound 2 was higher than that of the standard, butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT).

A Novel Pterocarpan Derivative From the Roots of Sophora flavescens

Flavescensin A (1), a novel rearrangement derivative of pterocarpan with an unusual spirotetrahydrofuran ring, along with 7 known pterocarpans were isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens using several different chromatographic separations. The planar structure of 1 was elucidated by their nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry data, and the absolute configuration of 1 was determined on the basis of electronic circular dichroism data. Putative biosynthetic pathway toward 1 was proposed. In addition, all of the compounds were evaluated for their anti-influenza virus and anti-inflammatory activities.

저온 플라즈마 처리된 녹차 유래의 최종당화산물 생성 억제물질의 동정

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) with abundant phenolic compounds is considered to a major dietary source of flavan 3-ols such as (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Here, we assessed the effects of non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma on green tea extract using spectroscopy and bioassays. Plasma-induced structural changes in EGCG in green tea resulted in the isolation of two methylene-bridge dimers, oolonghomobisflavan A (1) and B (2). The structures of these compounds were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy data. The symmetric dimer 1 connected by a methylene linkage was the most potent inhibitor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation (IC50, 8.2±0.5 μM). The radical scavenging capacity of against hydroxyl, and stereoisomers 1 and 2 was more potent than that of the positive control ((+)-catechin). These major products purified by treating green tea with DBD plasma for 60 min were quantified by HPLC. Our results provide evidence that structural changes of EGCG in green tea extract induced by plasma might enhance biological efficacy.

Neuroimaging Findings in Glaucoma (Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study)

The aim of the research is to determine metabolic changes in brain tissue by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for patients who had primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and to reveal a correlation between morphometric and functional alterations in the optic nerve and retina with basic MRS data. Methods: The study involved 24 patients with a diagnosis of POAG aged 58 to 80 years (mean age 73.2 ± 9.5 years). All patients underwent verification of the diagnosis of POAG, quantitative static perimetry (indexes were evaluated: MD - mean deviation), optical coherence tomography of the retina (assessment of the area of the neuro-retinal rim (NRR) and the thickness of the nerve fibers’ layer of the retina (RNFL)). The 2D-PRESS (Point RESolved Spectroscopy) volume-selection method was used for multivoxel MRS, TE (Time Echo) = 144ms TR (Time Repetition) = 2s, the size of each voxel was 10 * 10 * 15mm. The region of interest included thalami (4 voxels in each thalamus) and occipital cortex; Cho/Cr, NAA/Cr and NAA/Cho were evaluated. Results: According to analysis of variance, the ratio of NAA/Cr in the right thalamus was associated with the POAG stage of the right eye (F = 5.006; p = 0.0173) and decreased with increasing of the disease stage. At the same time, there were no significant differences in different stages of POAG of the left eye (F = 1.337; p = 0.285). The ratio of NAA/Cr in the left thalamus did not differ depending on the POAG stage of the right eye (F = 1.337; p = 0.285) but depended on the stage of POAG of the left eye (F = 6.245; p = 0.0074). Thus, the eye POAG stage affected the ratio of NAA/Cr in the ipsilateral thalamus, but not in the contralateral one. It was also revealed that the ratio of NAA/Cr in the right occipital cortex correlated positively with the area of the NRR and MD of the left eye (r = 0.54; p = 0.0069 and r = 0.54; p = 0.0260, respectively). Conclusions: The decline of NAA/Cr ratio in thalamus and occipital cortex is observed in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, which confirms the impairment of functional state of these brain structures and may indicate the neurodegeneration in the central part of visual system in patients with POAG. The correlations of the stage of primary open-angle glaucoma and the Cho/Cr ratio and NAA/Cr ratio in thalamus were revealed, which could have diagnostic and prognostic value in POAG. The dependence of the ratio of NAA/Cr in the thalamus and occipital cortex and morphometric data of the optic disc and the functional state of the retina was determined, which confirms the involvement of the optic tract in the POAG progression and its possible development.

LATE BREAKING NEWS E-POSTER PRESENTATION: LBP 13 rAAVrh.74.MHCK7.micro-dystrophin gene therapy in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A quantitative MR biomarker study

A recent study of rAAVrh.74.MHCK7.micro-dystrophin gene therapy was well tolerated and showed substantial micro-dystrophin expression and improvements in functional outcomes post-gene transfer. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (qMRI/MRS) data were collected in three participants from that study (aged 5-7) and were compared with natural history qMRI/MRS data from a large ongoing study (n=180; n=54 age- and corticosteroid-status matched to gene therapy treated boys and 23 age-matched unaffected controls).

Seven New Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Xanthoquinodins from Jugulospora vestita.

During the course of a screening for novel biologically active secondary metabolites produced by the Sordariomycetes (Ascomycota, Fungi), the ex-type strain of Jugulospora vestita was found to produce seven novel xanthone-anthraquinone heterodimers, xanthoquinodin A11 (1) and xanthoquinodins B10–15 (2–7), together with the already known compound xanthoquinodin B4 (8). The structures of the xanthoquinodins were determined by analysis of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data. Moreover, the absolute configurations of these metabolites were established by analysis of the 1H−1H coupling constants, nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) correlations, and Electronic Circular Dichroism (ECD) spectroscopic data. Antifungal and antibacterial activities as well as cytotoxicity of all compounds were tested. Xanthoquinodin B11 showed fungicidal activities against Mucor hiemalis [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 2.1 µg/mL], Rhodotorula glutinis (MIC 2.1 µg/mL), and Pichia anomala (MIC 8.3 µg/mL). All the compounds 1–8 displayed anti-Gram-positive bacteria activity (MIC 0.2–8.3 µg/mL). In addition, all these eight compounds showed cytotoxicity against KB 3.1, L929, A549, SK-OV-3, PC-3, A431, and MCF-7 mammalian cell lines. The six novel compounds (1–3, 5–7), together with xanthoquinodin B4, were also found in the screening of other strains belonging to Jugulospora rotula, revealing the potential chemotaxonomic significance of the compound class for the genus.