Magnetic Resin Research Articles

Solvent free synthesized MnFe2O4@polyamid resin as a novel green nanohybrid for fast removing Congo red

The development of environmental friendly techniques for synthesizing material is a main interest in green chemistry, as the absence of organic solvents in the synthetic routs is a major presage for realizing green ways. Based on this viewpoint, a solvent free green rout has been employed to prepare magnetic MnFe2O4 nanoparticles and MnFe2O4 reinforced polyamide resin. MnFe2O4 nanoparticles was synthesized through mixing the solid reagents with NaOH at room temperature. Polyamide and magnetic resin were synthesized through heating the mixture of citric acid, p-phenylenediamine and MnFe2O4 at 155°C. The products were characterized with XRD, VSM, FT - IR, FE - SEM and TEM techniques. Characterization analysis revealed that the magnetic nanoparticles were less than 20nm in diameter, and polyamide possessed stacked sheet structure with thickness in nano scale. Prepared magnetic resin was employed as a green adsorbent for removing Congo red from aqueous solution. Equilibrium was obtained within one minute as well as the sorbent showed a superior adsorption capacity of 1000mgg−1.

Sorption of Uranium Ions from Their Aqueous Solution by Resins Containing Nanomagnetite Particles

Magnetic amine resins composed of nanomagnetite (Fe3O4) core and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)/N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) shell were prepared by suspension polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate with N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide in the presence of nanomagnetite particles and immobilized with different amine ligands. These resins showed good magnetic properties and could be easily retrieved from their suspensions using an external magnetic field. Adsorption behaviors of uranium ions on the prepared resins were studied. Maximum sorption capacities of uranium ions on R-1 and R-2 were found to be 92 and 158 mg/g. Uranium was extracted successfully from three granite samples collected from Gabal Gattar pluton, North Eastern Desert, Egypt. The studied resins showed good durability and regeneration using HNO3.

Adsorptive property of triethylene-tetramine modified chitosan magnetic resin for thorium(IV)

Adsorptive property of triethylene-tetramine modified chitosan magnetic resin for thorium(IV)

Abstract LB-B10: Chemical Proteomic Analysis of BTK and PI3K Using Chloroalkane-Derivatized Small Molecule Inhibitors

Abstract Chemical proteomics is a rapidly evolving technology that allows for drug target identification for small molecule inhibitors. Here we present an approach utilizing a chloroalkane (CA) moiety capture handle, which can be chemically attached to small molecules and used to pull-down protein binding partners using the HaloTag technology. CA-modified compounds are cell permeable and have minimal impact on potency, allowing for phenotypic assays of the derivatized compound to be recapitulated. Here we present a study looking at the targets of two compounds - a Brutons Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) small molecule inhibitor and a Phospho-inositol 3 Kinase (PI3K) small molecule inhibitor. BTK is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase expressed in most hematopoietic cells except T cells, it is essential for B cell receptor (BCR) signaling in B cells and as such is the therapeutic focus in many autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and lupus. Upon binding to growth factor receptor, PI3K is activated which initiates a signaling cascade involving AKT and mTOR that promotes cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. Mutations of the catalytic subunit of PI3KA are observed in several types of cancers. Inhibition of PI3K is therefore an important therapeutic focus. Taselisib, a selective inhibitor of PIK3CA, and G02599124, an inhibitor of BTK, were derivitized with the CA linker. Phenotypic screens compared to the parental compound showed comparable IC50 values. Both CA-compounds showed good binding to HaloTag and were cell permeable in a U2OS stable cell line. Control and test experiments were performed with BTK-CA compound using Jurkat (T cells) and Ramos (B cells) cell lines. Taselib-CA was studied after 1h and 8h treatment in the HCC1954 cell line. Cells were lysed and the CA compounds, together with the bound targets, were rapidly captured onto magnetic resin coated with HaloTag. Unmodified compound was used to competitively elute interacting proteins. Eluted proteins were processed using SDS-PAGE and in-gel digestion. Peptides were analyzed using nanoscale LC-MS/MS coupled with an Orbitrap Velos Pro mass spectrometer. Using this approach we were able to specifically isolate BTK when compared to control experiments in T cells. In the Taselib-CA experiment, we were able to specifically isolate the PIK3CA catalytic subunit and PIK3R1 and PIK3R2 regulatory subunits. Observation of the wild type and mutant forms of PI3KCA will be discussed. Citation Format: Victoria Pham, James Crawford, Steve Saben, Michael Ford, Richard Jones, Danette Daniels, Thomas Kirkland, Marjeta Urh, Jennie Lill. Chemical Proteomic Analysis of BTK and PI3K Using Chloroalkane-Derivatized Small Molecule Inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr LB-B10.

Abstract C158: A chemoproteomics strategy for target identification and lead compound optimization using chloroalkane derivatized compounds

Abstract The Identification and validation of drug targets is an industry wide challenge. There is a very clear and urgent need for technologies that can identify the interaction partners of small molecules. Chemical proteomics is one technology that has attracted attention as a solution to the drug target identification problem. Here we present a new approach utilizing a chloroalkane (CA) moiety capture handle, which can be chemically attached to small molecules to isolate their respective protein partners. In general derivatization of small molecules with the CA moiety does not impact their cell permeability and has limited impact on potency, allowing for phenotypic assays of the derivatized compound to be performed. The retention of cell permeability also allows for the capture process to be performed from live cells treated with the CA-compound. This process is also compatible with competition assays, which can be used to evaluate and compare other compounds exhibiting a similar mode of action. Here we present a study using Dasatinib-CA, a modified kinase inhibitor and potent anti-cancer drug which binds to a broad range of kinases. First we performed target enrichment experiments by incubating K562 cells with the modified Dasatinib (Dasatinib-CA). Cells were lysed and the Dasatinib-CA, together with the bound targets, was rapidly captured onto magnetic resin coated with HaloTag. Unmodified compound was used to competitively elute putative interacting proteins. Secondly using the same assay format we evaluated the relative target affinities of Dasatinib-CA versus competing molecules. Competition assays were performed by incubating multiple mixtures of Dasatinib analogues and Dasatinib-CA at varying relative concentrations. Eluted proteins were processed using SDS-PAGE and in-gel digestion. For target identification experiments peptides were analyzed using label free mass spectrometry. For the competition assays digested material was labeled with Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) 10plex reagents. Peptides were analyzed using nanoscale LC-MS/MS coupled with a Q Exactive mass spectrometer (Thermo). Protein identification and quantitation was performed with MaxQuant (MaxQuant.org) and data validation and visualization was performed using Perseus (Perseus-framework.org). Using this approach we identified over 30 kinases, including known membrane associated and membrane protein targets. This work presented here highlights a new method for chemical proteomics and demonstrates utility of the platform to enable target identification and to evaluate competitor molecules. Citation Format: Michael Ford, Richard Jones, Ravi Amunugama, Danette Daniels, Rachel Ohana, Sergiy Levin, Thomas Kirkland, Marjeta Urh, Keith Wood. A chemoproteomics strategy for target identification and lead compound optimization using chloroalkane derivatized compounds. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr C158.

M-PGMA as a new water treatment agent to remove oxytetracycline from water

Magnetic ion exchange resin is a strong base anion exchange resin with magnetic properties that can be used to remove negatively charged materials from water. Magnetic poly glycidyl methacrylate resin (m-PGMA), a new type of resin, has shown better removal performance for humics than MIEX®. Removal of oxytetracycline (OTC) in water by m-PGMA, and factors influencing the removal, were examined, and in addition, the removal of OTC by MIEX and powdered activated carbon (PAC) were used as a comparison. Results showed that m-PGMA could remove more OTC than MIEX and PAC. The removal performance was greatly affected by dosage of m-PGMA, inorganic anions, organics and pH value. At a contact time of 30 min, the removal rates of OTC were 45%, 52% and 63% when the dosage was 5 ml/L, 10 ml/L and 20 ml/L, respectively. In comparison the removal rate of OTC by MIEX was 45% with a dosage of 10 mL/L and a contact time of 30 min. The removal of OTC was significantly increased when the pH value was above 7.3, as the OTC molecule exists as an anion in alkaline medium. In conclusion, m-PGMA is more effective than MIEX and PAC in the removal of OTC in water, and can be one of the choices to remove trace organics like OTC.

Development of a magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry method for the analysis of semivolatile organic compounds.

Semivolatile organic compounds are a category of organic micropollutants including phthalate esters, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and so on, which are commonly analyzed by solid-phase extraction followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. In this work, a highly sensitive and feasible method of magnetic solid-phase extraction combined with gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was established for the determination of semivolatile organic compounds in water. The novel method was based on a permanent magnetic resin with uniform particle size and high surface area (1154.3 m2 /g). The results demonstrated that the extraction efficiency of the resin was superior to that of a C18 cartridge. The method was proved to be of satisfactory recoveries (75-115.7%) and limits of detection and quantification (0.063-6.524 and 0.212-21.745 μg/L, respectively). The method was applied to the analysis of semivolatile organic compounds in the midstream Huai River. It was observed that polychlorinated biphenyls exceeded current water standards. To further illustrate the potential effects on human health, health risk assessment was conducted based on the obtained data. The existence of health risk was proved, with hexachlorobenzene and 2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl as the major causes. The method possesses the characteristics of high efficiency and rapid analysis, offering a good prospect of applications in large quantities of practical water.

Performance evaluation of magnetic anion exchange resin removing fluoride

AbstractBACKGROUNDFluoride above a permissible level in drinking water has serious health effects on human beings. In this study, magnetic anion exchange resin, NDMP, was used to remove fluoride under different conditions and its defluoridation performance was compared with that of commercial D201 resin.RESULTSNDMP had favourable adsorption capacity for fluoride at pH 5.0 to 9.0. Coexisting anions generated competition adsorption towards fluoride and the different competition influence ordering followed the sequence SO42− > Cl− > NO3− > HCO3−. The existence of HA did not have a negative effect on fluoride adsorption under 40 mg L−1 of HA solution. The pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model fitted better for fluoride adsorption by both resins. The adsorption process was fitted better by the Langmuir model with a maximum fluoride adsorption capacity (13.5 mg g−1), indicating that the interaction between fluoride and NDMP resin was a homogeneous process. The negative values of ΔG° and ΔH° revealed that the adsorption was a spontaneous and exothermic reaction. Regenerated NDMP recovers adsorption performance without any loss.CONCLUSIONSHigh adsorption and regeneration performance suggest that NDMP can be used as an effective and reusable defluoridation adsorbent. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry

Evaluation of nitrate removal properties of magnetic anion-exchange resins in water

BACKGROUND High concentrations of nitrates in drinking water can lead to various types of cancers and to risks of contracting diseases. Two magnetic anion-exchange resins (MD217 and MD218) were synthesized to remove nitrate quickly from aqueous solution. RESULTS Results show that nitrate adsorption onto the resins fitted both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The equilibrium adsorption time for both resins was ∼10 min with the adsorption behaviour following the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. MD218 showed high adsorption capacity and higher selectivity for nitrate in the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM). MD217 showed higher selectivity in the presence of competing anions such as SO42− in aqueous solution. Among the DOMs examined, humic acid affected nitrate removal the most, which can be explained well by a mechanism based on electrostatic interaction. CONCLUSIONS Utilization of the resins in purification of water samples showed that both could be used for the treatment of ion-containing polluted ground and surface waters. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry

Bacterial pathogens and community composition in advanced sewage treatment systems revealed by metagenomics analysis based on high-throughput sequencing.

This study used 454 pyrosequencing, Illumina high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic analysis to investigate bacterial pathogens and their potential virulence in a sewage treatment plant (STP) applying both conventional and advanced treatment processes. Pyrosequencing and Illumina sequencing consistently demonstrated that Arcobacter genus occupied over 43.42% of total abundance of potential pathogens in the STP. At species level, potential pathogens Arcobacter butzleri, Aeromonas hydrophila and Klebsiella pneumonia dominated in raw sewage, which was also confirmed by quantitative real time PCR. Illumina sequencing also revealed prevalence of various types of pathogenicity islands and virulence proteins in the STP. Most of the potential pathogens and virulence factors were eliminated in the STP, and the removal efficiency mainly depended on oxidation ditch. Compared with sand filtration, magnetic resin seemed to have higher removals in most of the potential pathogens and virulence factors. However, presence of the residual A. butzleri in the final effluent still deserves more concerns. The findings indicate that sewage acts as an important source of environmental pathogens, but STPs can effectively control their spread in the environment. Joint use of the high-throughput sequencing technologies is considered a reliable method for deep and comprehensive overview of environmental bacterial virulence.

Passivation layer for the magnetic property enhancement of Fe72.8Si11.2B10.8Cr2.3C2.9 amorphous powder

This paper reports the preparation of insulated soft magnetic powders by HNO3 passivation process with SWAP Fe72.8Si11.2B10.8Cr2.3C2.9 amorphous powder. The toroid-shaped cores were fabricated by pressing the mixture of the insulated magnetic powder and silicone resin under a pressure of 1.31GPa (density=5.15g/cm3). The results showed that amorphous magnetic powder produced by 8vol.% nitric acid insulating process had good frequency characteristics and high quality factor at higher frequency (1MHz). The value of initial permeability (μi) was 29.03, and the value of quality factor (Q) was 68.2. The value of saturation magnetization (Ms) was 0.93T, and the coercive force (Hc) was 89.6A/m. Furthermore, the amorphous powder was mixed with the Fe–Si–Cr alloy powder by the powder metallurgy process and formed into toroid-shaped cores. The maximum permeability of the toroid-shaped cores with 10wt.% alloy powder annealed for 10min at 773K increased by about 69.8%. The cores were annealed to improve the soft magnetic properties and decrease the stress. The mixed powders also indicated excellent soft magnetic properties; the Ms increased from 0.93T to 0.97T, and the Hc decreased from 89.6A/m to 68.6A/m.

Two novel multi-functional magnetic adsorbents for effective removal of hydrophilic and hydrophobic nitroaromatic compounds

Two novel multi-functional magnetic resins named GMA30-1 and GMA30-2 were fabricated and investigated for the removal of 4-nitrotoluene-2-sulfonic acid (NTS) and 2-nitrotoluene (o-MNT). Strong base resin (GMA30-1) and weak base resin (GMA30-2) possess large surface area of 718m2/g and 559m2/g, and anion exchange capacity of 1.49mmol/g and 1.81mmol/g, respectively. The adsorption isotherms of o-MNT onto two resins were both well described by Langmuir equation. While the adsorption isotherms of NTS could be separated into two segments at a certain initial concentration and each segment followed different trends. At lower concentrations, the adsorption of NTS was driven by Van der Waal’s force, exhibiting an exothermic process. With the increase of concentrations, the electrostatic force dominated and the enthalpy change (ΔH) turned to positive, indicating an endothermic process. In binary systems, the decrease in the uptake of NTS was slighter than that of o-MNT because of the additional anion exchange interaction. The adsorption capacity of NTS decreased as pH increased while the adsorption of o-MNT was not significantly affected by pH. Chloride ions reduced the adsorption of NTS by competitive effect. The desorption efficiency of NTS and o-MNT was close to 100% for 10 cycles.

Single vial sample preparation of markers of nerve agents by dispersive solid-phase extraction using magnetic strong anion exchange resins

A sample preparation method involving extraction, enrichment and derivatization of acidic degradation products of nerve agents was developed using magnetic strong anion exchange resins (MSAX). The method was performed in a single vial involving magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction (MDSPE). Analytes were derivatized with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) in the presence of resins. MSAX were custom synthesized using Fe3O4 nanoparticles as core, 4-vinylpyridine-co-divinylbenzene as polymer shell and quaternary pyridinium function as anion-exchanger. Hydroxide ions were the counter-anions of MSAX to effectively capture the acidic alkyl alkylphosphonic acids (AAPAs) and alkylphosphonic acids (APAs). Quantitative measurements of analytes were performed in the selected ion monitoring mode of GC–MS. Full scan mode of analysis was followed for identifications. Under the optimized conditions analytes were recovered in the range of 39.7–98.8% (n=3, relative standard deviations (RSD) from 0.3 to 6.5%). Limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 0.1–1.1ngmL−1; and the linear dynamic range was 5–1000ngmL−1 with r2 of 0.9977–0.9769. Applicability of the method was tested with rain-, tap-, muddy-water and Organization for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) Proficiency Test samples.

Effect of pore structure on adsorption behavior of ibuprofen by magnetic anion exchange resins

A series of magnetic anion exchange resins (ND-1, ND-2 and ND-3) with different pore structure were prepared for ibuprofen (IBU) adsorption by using different amount of cyclohexanol as porogen in this work. For adsorption kinetics, resins with larger pore structure showed faster adsorption rates and higher equilibrium adsorption capacities because the internal diffusion process was facilitated by the increase of pore diameter and pore volume. As for adsorption isotherms, the experimental data was better fitted by Freundlich model especially for the resins with broader pores, suggesting that heterogeneous interactions took place in pores. The counter ion released by resin was measured, and ratios of equilibrium adsorption capacity to the counter ion were between 1.22 and 1.56, which confirmed that adsorption process was predominantly attributed to ion exchange while other interactions also existed. Hence, the co-existent anion reduced the adsorption amount of IBU onto resin by competing adsorption in ion exchange process, and the optimal pH ranged from 6 to 8. Resins with more open structure showed better regeneration abilities, of which the adsorption amounts witnessed no significant decrease during 7 circles of use, indicating the advantages of larger pore canal in the adsorption and regeneration behavior.

Preparation of a permanent magnetic hypercrosslinked resin and assessment of its ability to remove organic micropollutants from drinking water

A rapid and effective method based on a novel permanent magnetic hypercrosslinked resin W150 was proposed for the removal of organic micropollutants in drinking water. W150 was prepared by suspension and post-crosslinking reaction and found to possess a high specific surface area of 1149.7 m2·g−1, a small particle size of 50 μm to 100 μm, and a saturation magnetization as high as 8 emu·g−1. W150 was used to eliminate nitrofurazone (NFZ) and oxytetracycline (OTC) from drinking water compared with commercial adsorbents XAD-4 and F400D. The adsorption kinetics of NFZ and OTC onto the three adsorbents well fitted the pseudo-second-order equation (r>0.972), and the adsorption isotherms were all well described by the Freundlich equation (r>0.851). Results showed that the reduction in adsorbent size and the enlargement in sorbent pores both accelerated adsorption. Moreover, the effect of particle size on adsorption was more significant than that of pore width. Given that the smallest particle size and the highest specific surface area were possessed by W150, it had the fastest adsorption kinetics and largest adsorption capacity for NFZ (180 mg·g−1) and OTC (200 mg·g−1). For the adsorbents with dominant micropores, the sorption of large-sized adsorbates decreased because of the inaccessible micropores. The solution pH and ionic strength also influenced adsorption.

Green, fast and selective preconcentration of lead ions from various matrices using a novel magnetic sheet-like resin

A Fe3O4@citric–ascorbic acid based resin was synthesized by a solvent-free route and employed for the green and fast preconcentration of Pb(ii).

Oil‐spill cleanup: The influence of acetylated curaua fibers on the oil‐removal capability of magnetic composites

ABSTRACTA magnetic resin based on cardanol, furfural, and curaua fibers was prepared and characterized. The material could be used in oil‐spill cleanup processes, because of its aromatic/aliphatic balance. The resin was prepared through bulk polycondensation of cardanol and furfural in the presence of curaua fibers and maghemite nanoparticles. Hydrophobicity of the curaua fibers was improved by acetylation, increasing the oil‐absorbing capability of the composites. The obtained magnetic composites were studied by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. Degree of cure, magnetic force, and oil‐removal capability tests were also performed. The results show that the composites possess an elevated cure degree in addition to a considerable magnetic force. The materials exhibit a good oil removal capability in the presence of a magnetic field, which is improved by the use of acetylated curaua. In the best case, the composite filled with maghemite and curaua can remove 12 parts of oil from water. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41732.

The Modern Current Sensors of Synthetic Magnetic Resin Part 2 - AC Current Sensor up to 2 000 amps

The article presents previously unpublished results of the development of current sensors, designed on the basis of cold-cast possibilities of magnetic materials and their applications for measurement purposes in the field of electricity and power electronics. Listed are the fundamental characteristics of the magnetic alloy resin schematic draft sensor dI/dt of a core of magnetic material molded and the measurement results of the prototype produced industrially.

The Modern Current Sensors of Synthetic Magnetic Resin Part 3 - Transmission Characteristics and Design of the Sensor Amplifier

The article presents the results of unpublished research on the new generation current sensors, designed on the basis of cold-cast magnetic materials. The development of current sensors with core cast focused primarily on the possibility of their application for the measurement of large currents and for the purpose of measuring the electricity and power electronics. The article presents the results of measurements of transmission characteristics of the prototype sensor, the sensing ampli­fier design and measurement results of the entire scanning unit.

Advanced treatment of textile dyeing secondary effluent using magnetic anion exchange resin and its effect on organic fouling in subsequent RO membrane

Strict regulations are forcing dyeing factory to upgrade existing waste treatment system. In this study, advanced treatment of dyeing secondary effluent by magnetic anion exchange resin (NDMP) was investigated and compared with ultrafiltration (UF); NDMP as a pre-treatment of reverse osmosis (RO) was also studied. NDMP resin (20mL/L) gave higher removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (83.9%) and colority (94.9%) than UF with a cut-off of 10kDa (only 48.6% and 44.1%, respectively), showing that NDMP treatment was effective to meet the stringent discharge limit of DOC and colority. Besides, NDMP resin (20mL/L) as a pretreatment of RO increased the permeate flux by 12.5% and reduced irreversible membrane fouling by 6.6%, but UF pretreatment did not mitigate RO membrane fouling. The results of excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectra and resin fractions showed that NDMP had more efficient removal than UF for transphilic acid and hydrophilic fraction, such as protein-like organic matters and soluble microbial products, which contributed to a significant proportion of RO membrane fouling. In sum, NDMP resin treatment not only gave effective removal of DOC and colority of dyeing secondary effluent, but exhibited some improvement for RO membrane flux and irreversible fouling.