Magnetic Properties Of Metals Research Articles

An analysis of magnetization processes in metal evaporated tape

It is shown that conventional hysteresis data completely mask the true magnetic properties of metal evaporated (ME) tape. For a true demagnetization correction a continuous adjustment of the external field and its angle during measurement has to be accomplished. Using vector magnetometry, an iterative method for the determination of the static hysteresis compensated for film demagnetization of obliquely oriented thin-film recording media was developed. It is shown that the ME tape resembles a particulate medium which is highly oriented and has an extremely narrow switching field distribution. The magnetization reversal process is incoherent with a strong increase of switching fields at high angles between the field and the intrinsic easy axis which is located at an angle of 38 degrees to the film plane. It is shown that thermal activation has a strong effect on the measured data. >

Materials Science and Technology. Vol. 3A: Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Metals and Ceramics, Part I; Vol. 4: Electronic Structure and Properties of Semiconductors; Vol. 7: Constitution and Properties of Steel; Vol. 9: Glasses and Amorphous Materials; Vol. 14: Medical and Dental Materials; Vol. 15: Processing of Metals and Alloys. Hrsg.: R. W. Cahn, P. Haasen, E. J. Kramer. VCH

Materials and CorrosionVolume 43, Issue 7 p. 379-379 Book Review Materials Science and Technology. Vol. 3A: Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Metals and Ceramics, Part I; Vol. 4: Electronic Structure and Properties of Semiconductors; Vol. 7: Constitution and Properties of Steel; Vol. 9: Glasses and Amorphous Materials; Vol. 14: Medical and Dental Materials; Vol. 15: Processing of Metals and Alloys. Hrsg.: R. W. Cahn, P. Haasen, E. J. Kramer. VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim 1991. 17 × 24 cm. Etwa 500–600 S. pro Band. Komplettes Werk: Preis/Band DM 360,–, Einzelbezug: DM 430,– M. Schütze, M. SchützeSearch for more papers by this author M. Schütze, M. SchützeSearch for more papers by this author First published: July 1992 https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.19920430711AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume43, Issue7July 1992Pages 379-379 RelatedInformation

Landolt‐Börnstein. Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology. New Series Editor in Chief: O. Madelung. Group III: Crystal and Solid State Physics. Vol. 19: Magnetic Properties of Metals. Subvolume g: Thin Films. Editor: H. P. J. Wijn. Springer‐Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London Paris, Tokyo 1988; XIX + 323 pp, Hard cover DM 920.–, ISBN 3‐540‐18435

Crystal Research and TechnologyVolume 24, Issue 9 p. 864-864 Book Review Landolt-Börnstein. Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology. New Series Editor in Chief: O. Madelung. Group III: Crystal and Solid State Physics. Vol. 19: Magnetic Properties of Metals. Subvolume g: Thin Films. Editor: H. P. J. Wijn. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London Paris, Tokyo 1988; XIX + 323 pp, Hard cover DM 920.–, ISBN 3-540-18435 S. Kobe, S. KobeSearch for more papers by this author S. Kobe, S. KobeSearch for more papers by this author First published: September 1989 https://doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170240905Citations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume24, Issue9September 1989Pages 864-864 RelatedInformation

Measurement of the magnetic properties of metal dusts and fumes

An instrument for measuring the specific remanent moment and the pulse coercive force of ferro/ferrimagnetic dust samples has been constructed using a commercial fluxgate magnetometer as a detector. The minimum amount of dust needed for successful measurements is about 1 mg to match the amount of dust collected when using standard air sampling methods. An output noise of 14 PT rms (smooth RC = 48 s) for the instrument has been achieved in a normal unshielded laboratory room. Examples of the magnetic properties of dust samples from different work environments are given for the calibration of the in vivo measurement of lung-retained magnetic contaminants.

Magnetization of small iron-nickel spheres

Magnetic properties of small iron-nickel alloy spheres, having compositions which cover the entire FeNi binary, are presented. The spheres were produced by melting fine wires of appropriate compositions and allowing surface tension forces to form spheres from molten droplets of alloy during initial free fall. Solidification took place before the spheres dropped to the base plate. Continued cooling took place in the geomagnetic field. The spheres with Ni ⩽ 28% acquired a martensitic thermal remanence (MTRM) while those with Ni ⩾ 30% acquired a TRM. Magnetic data obtained from the spheres are used to construct a magnetic remanence (MTRM or TRM and SIRM (saturation remanence)-composition diagram. A coercive force ( H C )-composition diagram was also constructed. Magnetic hysteresis loops and derived parameters are utilized to demonstrate the difference between metal-bearing and oxide-bearing natural samples. Many of the magnetic properties of natural metal-bearing samples are directly explicable in terms of the properties of the metal spheres. The magnetic properties of metals and alloys are significantly altered by deviations from spherical shape. The most significant factor dominating magnetic behavior of the spheres is the microstructure.

APW dispersion relation for plasmon in metals

Abstract Following Ichikawa's technique we derived a dispersion relation for plasmons in metals using APW (Augmented Plane Wave) wave functions. The formula contained herein may be used to acquire information concerning the filling of the energy bands and so data needed in explaining electrical and magnetic properties of metals.

Effect of spin-flip scattering on magnetic properties of metals

The itinerant-electron model is used to derive magnetic properties of paramagnetic and ferromagnetic metals in which nonmagnetic impurities are embedded. The results are valid for various relative strengths of the spin-flip and spin-independent scattering caused by the impurities. Essentially $s$-wave scattering by impurities is considered in the second-order Born approximation. Starting from a Hamiltonian the kinetic equations for the density-matrix elements are derived in the presence of an external magnetic field, and in the random-phase approximation. The kinetic equations are transformed to the equations of motion for the magnetization components. The longitudinal and transverse components of the rf susceptibility tensor are calculated. For the case of very small spin-flip scattering known results are obtained, whereas for other cases of spin-flip scattering the results obtained here are new. Conditions are found to obtain Bloch-like equations. Explicit expressions for the parameters of the Bloch-like equations are obtained, such as the relaxation "destination" of the longitudinal and transverse components of the magnetization and their spin-lattice relaxation times. Measurable shifts in the $g$ factor of the itinerant electrons caused by the spin-flip scattering of the impurities are obtained. Expressions for the static shifts in the magnetic excitations, paramagnons, and magnons are calculated.

ChemInform Abstract: AN INTERSTITIAL‐ELECTRON MODEL FOR THE STRUCTURE OF METALS AND ALLOYS PART 4, MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF METALS AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURES OF GROUP VI‐VIII METALS

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 4, Issue 39 Physical Inorganic Chemistry ChemInform Abstract: AN INTERSTITIAL-ELECTRON MODEL FOR THE STRUCTURE OF METALS AND ALLOYS PART 4, MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF METALS AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURES OF GROUP VI-VIII METALS OLIVER JOHNSON, OLIVER JOHNSONSearch for more papers by this author OLIVER JOHNSON, OLIVER JOHNSONSearch for more papers by this author First published: September 25, 1973 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.197339026Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume4, Issue39September 25, 1973 RelatedInformation

An Interstitial-Electron Model for the Structure of Metals and Alloys. IV. Magnetic Properties of Metals and Electronic Structures of Group VI–VIII Metals

Abstract The interstitial-electron model leads to localization of d-electrons on the metal ion cores starting with group 6 metals which would have all the tetrahedral and octahedral interstices occupied by itinerant electrons. In the model the itinerant electrons play the role of ligands and determine the degeneracy of the d-orbitals localized on the ion core. There are mutual accomodations as far as location of itinerant electrons in specific interstices and d-electrons in preferred orbitals. Consideration of metal properties, especially Hall Coefficients, leads to reasonable values for both localized and itinerant magnetic moments. The relatively large spatial extension of 3d-orbitals at low intermetallic distances accounts for the magnetic moments in Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni. A striking consequence of the application of the interstitial-electron model to Fe is that it reproduces in detail the regions of positive and negative magnetization (including the interlocking rings on edges and faces) observed in neutron diffraction studies by Shull and Mook.

Spin waves and their stability in metals

The experimental and theoretical situation regarding the coefficient D in the spin wave dispersion law for metals, h ω q = Dq 2 , is briefly reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the correlation of D with other magnetic properties of metals and alloys such as the Curie temperature. A calculation of D is then reported for a simple cubic lattice to illustrate the factors influencing D , such as the effective interaction between the itinerant electrons and the number of electrons per atom. The correlation of D with the Curie temperature is also obtained for this model. On the basis of these results as well as those of Penn (1966) a test is made of the stability of the ferromagnetic ground state by considering a phase diagram relating the reduced effective interaction with the number of electrons per atom. The stability or instability is discussed separately for the several regions in this diagram. As a result it is concluded that Penn’s analysis of this problem may be insufficient in some cases and it is conjectured that the stability of the ferromagnetic ground state is determined by the sign of D .

Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals

Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals

Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals

By J. K. Stanley London: Chapman and Hall Ltd. 1963. Pp. ix + 374. Price 100s. In view of the progress made in the application of the results of much fundamental research in the field of the science of materials, the appearance of a book under the above title is no surprise. The author's object was to produce a basic book on the electrical and magnetic properties of materials for engineers and students of science and engineering.

On the Magnetic Properties of Cubic Cerium

Since the mass separation of . rare earth metals has become possible by means of the ion exchange technique/> the magnetic properties of these metals have been extensively studied experimentally. It is now known that many of these elements are ferroor antiferromagnetic and their magnetic behaviors are quite different from those of the iron group. The carriers of the magnetic moment in rare earth metals are the electrons occupying 4 f orbitals incompletely, which seem to localize almost as if they were in the free atomic state, and hence keep their orbital magnetic moments without much interference from the electric crystalline field. The mechanism of exchange coupling between magnetic· moments in rare earth metals is therefore expected to be somewhat different from the case of ordinary magnetic metals in that conduction electrons would . play an important role in aligning the spin magnetic moments of the ion core, each of which is strongly coupled to the orbital moment through the spin-orbit interaction. This is Zener's picture of exchange. 2> A similar idea was applied by Pauling3> to Gd and more recently investigated in detail by Kasuya4> in connection with the electric and magnetic properties of transition metals. As was pointed out by Kasuya,5> the strange feature of magnetism in rare earth metals is believed to come from the fact that, beside the extraordinary exchange mechanism mentioned above, there .. exist interactions between an orbital moment and crystalline field or between an orbital moment and other orbital moments, which will give rise to complicated effects, varying with the number of 4 f electrons and with the temperature. The object of this paper is to present an atomistic theory of the thermal and magnetic properties of metallic cerium. This element is the simplest one in the sense

Quantum Theory of Solids

1. Crystal lattices. General theory 2. . Crystal lattices. Applications 3. Interaction of light with non-conducting crystals 4. Electrons in a perfect lattice 5. Cohesive forces in metals 6. Transport phenomena 7. Magnetic properties of metals 8. Ferromagnetism 9. Interaction of light with electrons in solids 10. Semi-conductors and luminescence 11. Superconductivity

Some magnetic properties of metals. V. Magnetic behaviour of a cylindrical system of electrons for all magnetic fields

The Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method is used to solve the Schrödinger equation for an electron moving in a uniform magnetic field H , the boundary of the system being a cylinder with its axis lying along the direction of the field. It is found that there are two entirely different types of wave-function possible, one type leading to the small Landau diamagnetism of large systems discussed in part I of this series, the other to the larger diamagnetism of small systems discussed in part IV. Taking into account the occupied states of both types, the steady (non-periodic) contributions to the magnetic susceptibility are derived for all fields in both the low- and high-temperature limits, and for most fields at intermediate temperatures.

Erratum

Proceedings of the Royal Society , A, Vol. 212, p. 58, lines 1 and 7. R. B. Dingle. Some magnetic properties of metals. IV Since q" = 3q'/4π 2 and not 3q'/4π 2 2 5/6 as there stated, q" = 0.0209 and q" = 6π 2 q" = 1/24. The corresponding values for a sphere are q iv = 0.00451 and q v = 6π 2 g iv = 0.266.

Some magnetic properties of metals - IV. Properties of small systems of electrons

The first part of the paper consists of a calculation of the magnetic properties of a system of electrons contained within a cylinder of very small radius placed with its axis parallel to the field direction. Perturbation theory is used to find the energy levels, and from these the number of occupied states in a two-dimensional system is determined by summation over the quantum numbers; the results are then generalized to the three-dimensional case. The expressions for the magnetic susceptibility, thermodynamic potential, and specific heat are found to contain a steady term which remains of significant magnitude at all temperatures, together with terms periodic in the field which are significant only at very low temperatures. The influence of electron spin on both steady and periodic terms is discussed. The second part consists of similar calculations for a small spherical system.

Some magnetic properties of metals I. General introduction, and properties of large systems of electrons

A general introduction surveying the problems to be examined in a series of papers is followed by a detailed treatment of the magnetic behaviour of a large system of electrons. The Schrödinger equation is solved on the assumption that the system is unbounded, and the modifications caused by the finite size of the system are then determined for the limiting case in which the system is much larger than the electronic orbits. An expression is then obtained for the density of states, and the free energy of the system found assuming that k T < E 0 , where E 0 is the degeneracy parameter. The magnetic susceptibility, thermodynamic potential and specific heat are discussed for the two cases N constant and E 0 constant. Explicit formulae are given for the temperature-dependence of the field-independent term in the susceptibility. In the final section the corrections due to electron spin are introduced.

Collective electron ferronmagnetism

Collective electron ferronmagnetism

Institute for Research in Metals, Sendai

PROF. KOTARO HONDA has lately completed his twenty-fifth year as professor of physics in the Tohoku Imperial University, and the occasion has been commemorated by the publication of a special volume of the Science Reports of that University, contributed by his pupils and by friends from many countries. This substantial volume, of 1,126 pages, is an indication of the prominent part that Prof. Honda has played as teacher and also as director of the very active Institute for Research in Metals at Sendai. As might be expected from the special interests of Prof. Honda, from his work at Gottingen onwards, many of the papers, some sixteen in all, deal with the magnetic properties of metals, but the work of the Institute has covered a wide field in metallurgy, and most branches of the physical study of metals are represented. Another group treats of transformations of alloys in the solid state} including steels. The development of improved steels for permanent magnets has been one of the most import ant results of the investigations at Sendai, the discoveries made there having had profound industrial effects, through reducing the size of magnets and even of enabling them to take the place of electro magnets in machine tools, etc. Terrestrial magnetism is also represented, whilst other papers describe investigations in chemistry. Many well-known names are to be found among the contributors, and the occasion has been used to present surveys of the position of knowledge concerning several of the properties of alloys of current interest.