Magnetic Plate Research Articles

Microstructure and properties of Nb, V and N alloyed low magnetic hot rolled stainless steel plate

Microstructure and properties of Nb, V and N alloyed low magnetic hot rolled stainless steel plate

Effectiveness of auricular point acupressure with magnetic plate for pain management in acute postpartum cesarean section patients in Thammasat University Hospital: a randomized clinical controlled trial.

To compare the effectiveness of auricular acupressure with or without magnetic plates to routine post cesarean pain management. This randomized controlled trial was conducted at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Thammasat University Hospital, between January and June 2020. All participants were term primigravida pregnant women who underwent cesarean delivery during the study period. Participants were divided into three groups, namely control, placebo and study groups. Study (magnetic application) and placebo (non-magnetic application) groups received magnetic and non-magnetic auricular patches at both pinnas, respectively. Randomized assignments for each group were computer-generated, printed and kept in opaque sealed envelopes. The points in this study were Shenmen (TF4), Erzhong (HX1) and Penqiang (TF5). Visual analog scale (VAS) was immediately recorded up to 72 h after the operation. A total of 195 cases were enrolled during the period of study. Each group had 65 participants. The mean participant's age was 31 years old. Demographic and clinical characters among the three groups were comparable. Pain scores within 12 h postoperative period of all three groups were comparable. Between 36 and 72 h post-operation, study groups had significantly lower VAS than the control group. One-quarter of participants had comparable nausea and vomiting side effects. Auricular acupressure at Shenmen (TF4), Penqiang (TF5) and Erzhong (HX1) with magnetic plate attachment could significantly relieve post cesarean pain between 18 and 72 h.

Analysis of Induced Field in the Brain Tissue by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Using Halo-V Assembly Coil.

As a noninvasive neuromodulation technique, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has already exhibited a great impact in clinical application and scientific research. This study presents a finite element method-based simulation of the Halo-V assembly (HVA) coil placed on the five-shell spherical human head model to examine the distributions of induced electric and magnetic fields. The performance of the designed HVA coil is evaluated by comparing the simulation results with the commercially available Halo-FO8 (HFA) assembly coil and standard single coils including the Halo and V coils. The simulation results indicate that the HVA coil shows an improved focality in terms of electric field distribution than the other single and assembly stimulation coils. Additionally, the effects of a magnetic shield plate and magnetic core on the designed HVA coil are investigated. Results indicate that the magnetic shield plate and magnetic core are proficient in further improving the stimulation focality. Therefore, the HVA TMS coil results in a safe and effective stimulation with enhanced focality of the target region as compared to the existing assembly coil.

Investigation of impact of magnetic shunt parameters on temperature distribution in transformer tanks

A set of reduced order models are developed to validate finite element based calculation of temperature distribution in solid and laminated magnetic structures in transformers with high current carrying conductors. Model details, measured and calculated losses and temperature of the models are presented. Effect of magnetic shunt type and its alignment with respect to stray flux direction on temperature distribution in the reduced order model are analyzed. The magneto-thermal coupled field analysis methodology is applied to estimate the temperature distribution in Multi-Utility transformer, showed temperature higher than expected. Different cases of tank cover plate with electromagnetic shield , thicker magnetic shunts, and with non magnetic cover plate are analyzed to reduce the temperature. With the modified shunt arrangement, the transformer passed the test as temperature were reduced by 100˚C.

Численное моделирование поведения намагниченности в одноосных магнитных пленках

Numerical methods in the MuMAX3 software are used to calculate both the saturation fields and the resonance spectra of magnetization for a thin magnetic plate with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The optimal parameters for modeling autoresonance processes in yttrium iron garnet films are determined. The role of surface anisotropy and dipole-dipole interaction in modeling of static and dynamic magnetization in YIG film is discussed.

ANALISIS CACAT PADA PEMASANGAN GASKET DI LINI ASSEMBLY DENGAN PENDEKATAN DMAIC SIX SIGMA

In the production process, defects or defects are difficult to avoid. The same thing happens in the process of installing gaskets on the refrigerator door. The gasket itself serves as an insulator and also as a door adhesive with the refrigerator cabinet. Inside the gasket is a magnetic metal plate. The defect that occurs is the gap between the door and the refrigerator cabinet. In other words, the gasket does not sit properly in the refrigerator cabinet, causing a gap called a defect gap. This defect gap greatly affects the performance of the refrigerator, because cold air from the refrigerator will come out through the gap between the gasket and the refrigerator cabinet which can cause the cooling process of the refrigerator to be disrupted. To reduce these defects, further analysis is needed to find the causes and at the same time alternative improvements. The method used in this study is the DMAIC six sigma approach

CF-PPiD technology based on cell-free protein array and proximity biotinylation enzyme for in vitro direct interactome analysis

Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis is a key process to understand protein functions. Recently, we constructed a human protein array (20 K human protein beads array) consisting of 19,712 recombinant human proteins produced by a wheat cell-free protein production system. Here, we developed a cell-free protein array technology for proximity biotinylation-based PPI identification (CF-PPiD). The proximity biotinylation enzyme AirID-fused TP53 and -IκBα proteins each biotinylated specific interacting proteins on a 1536-well magnetic plate. In addition, AirID-fused cereblon was shown to have drug-inducible PPIs using CF-PPiD. Using the human protein beads array with AirID-IκBα, 132 proteins were biotinylated, and then selected clones showed these biological interactions in cells. Although ZBTB9 was not immunoprecipitated, it was highly biotinylated by AirID-IκBα, suggesting that this system detected weak interactions. These results indicated that CF-PPiD is useful for the biochemical identification of directly interacting proteins.

Design of the stripping unit and the electromagnetic analysis unit for the E//B NPA on HL-2A/2M tokamak

An E//B neutral particle analyzer is under development for fast ion diagnosis on HL-2A/2 M tokamak. The stripping unit is composed of a stripping room (equipped with two differential tubes and a gas supply bellows), a vacuum chamber and a vacuum pumping system. The stripping efficiency of the stripping room is calculated in the form of global efficiency R × f +1, where R is the non-scattered-away rate and f +1 is the fraction of charge state +1. The magnetic field of the E//B analyzer is produced with a permanent magnet. The yoke and the poles of the magnet are made of mild steel and the magnet plates are made of NdFeB. The magnetic poles are specially designed to focus the ion trajectories and to increase the use rate of the magnet. The shape of the magnet and the electric plates are carefully designed so that the ions are dispersed into two lines of H+ and D+ on the detector plane. For each line, the energy increases from 10 to 200 keV from one side to another.

An improved total station measurement method for the georeferenced orientation of self-propelled artillery barrel

Self-propelled artillery is the main suppressing weapon installed by the armies of various countries, which plays an important role in modern warfare. With the continuous development of military science and technology, modern warfare has put forward higher requirements for the autonomous combat capability and precision strike capability of self-propelled artillery. Therefore, it is necessary to measure and verify the orientation of the self-propelled artillery barrel after maintenance and before firing. Among the various methods to achieve high-precision measurement of self-propelled artillery barrel orientation, the total station measurement method has shown good results in measurement accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and applicability to complex environments. However, there are some problems in the traditional total station measuring barrel orientation method, such as the lack of a north benchmark and the barrel calibration error. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an improved method for measuring the barrel orientation of self-propelled artillery, which solved the above problems by integrating the standard north orientation and the simulated axis of the barrel using a total station. First, to establish the measurement coordinate system of the measurement area, the standard north orientation of the measurement field area is determined using a positioning orientation instrument based on the Radio Navigation Satellite System. Second, to complete the barrel calibration, two magnetic target plates are set on the barrel, and a fixed spatial positional relationship between the connection line of the magnetic target center points and the barrel axis is established. Third, the barrel of self-propelled artillery is adjusted to the measurement attitude, and the magnetic target is observed and sighted with a total station to obtain its spatial coordinates in the measurement coordinate system. Subsequently, the error analysis of the measurement plan was carried out, and it was found that the position of the total station had a great influence on the measurement accuracy of the barrel orientation. Therefore, the uncertainty model of the measurement accuracy about the location of the station is established, and the station deployment area is scanned based on the idea of the Monte Carlo method to find the optimal measurement area. Finally, a certain type of self-propelled artillery is used to carry out an installation experiment. The experiment shows that the improved method solves the problems of the traditional method which lacks a north benchmark and the barrel calibration error, and can ensure that the measurement error is within 0.2mil, which assists in the development of precision self-propelled artillery strikes.

Newton-ADE-FDTD Method for Oblique Incident Magnetized Time-varying Plasma

In this paper, the Newtonian equation of motion describing the movement of electrons when electromagnetic waves propagate in a magnetized plasma is combined with the traditional auxiliary differential equation finite difference time domain (ADE-FDTD) method. The FDTD iterative formulas of transverse magnetic (TM) wave and transverse electric (TE) wave of the electromagnetic wave obliquely incident on the magnetized time-varying plasma plate are derived. The biggest difference between this method and the ordinary ADE-FDTD algorithm is the addition of the logarithmic derivative of the time-varying plasma electron density to calculate the current density, which is called the Newton-ADE-FDTD method. Through Example 1, the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic wave incident on the magnetization time-varying plasma plate was calculated, and the correctness of the improved algorithm was verified. At the same time, the Newton-ADE-FDTD algorithm is used to calculate the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic waves incident on the magnetized plasma-dielectric photonic crystal. The results show that different incident angles have a greater impact on the reflection coefficients of left-handed circularly polarized wave (LCP) and right-handed circularly polarizedwave (RCP).

Influence of magnetic property of test plates on magneto-rheological behavior

This paper investigated the behaviors of magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) under shear mode with magnetic iron and non-magnetic titanium upper plates, respectively. Based on the Stribeck curve and friction coefficient normalization methods, the lubrication states at the chain end/plate contacts were more at a boundary lubrication state. The restriction of magnetic plate on the particles ends migrations under high magnetic field enhanced the field induced friction to increase the yield stress. Therefore magnetic plate prevented sliding of particles with plate and resulted in a higher yield stress than the easier sliding of particle chains ends on non-magnetic plate. The magnetic property of the upper test plate should be properly considered during the tests of MRFs to derive accurate description of the properties of MRF to be used in the design of various MR actuators.

Determination of Steel Losses and Optimization of the Thickness of the Transformer Magnetic Conductor Sheets

Currently, transformer manufacturers are tasked with creating energy-efficient devices with a reduction of steel losses of up to 44 %. Appropriate theoretical developments are needed for its implementation. With a reduction of eddy-current losses, caused, for example, by reduction of decrease in the thickness of the magnetic conductor sheets, hysteresis losses simultaneously increase. A similar effect is caused by changing the size of the crystal grain of steel, thermomagnetic treatment and other technological impacts. In this regard, the exact determination of the components of total losses in steel is an urgent problem, the solution of which would minimize total losses. The article analyzes the expressions that determine the specific losses for eddy currents and hysteresis through the parameters of the magnetic circuit, and states that this technique is too complicated for engineering calculations. Since eddy current losses are proportional to the square of the frequency, and hysteresis losses are proportional to the frequency in the first degree, simple calculated expressions of eddy current and hysteresis losses have been obtained using the wattmetric method. Based on the fact that the dependence of the magnetization loss on the thickness of the magnetic conductor plates is a decreasing linear function, and the eddy current loss is an ascending parabolic function, an expression of the optimal thickness of the plates has been found, the implementation of which makes the losses of steel minimal. This information will make it possible to minimize total steel losses more effectively by varying the design parameters and the material of the magnetic conductor. It is shown that the charted idling losses of transformers manufactured by different manufacturers differ by more than 30 % and can be rounded and underestimated; therefore it is advisable to obtain this parameter as a result of an experiment (idling experiment).

Discovery of Novel Circulating Immune Complexes in Lupus Nephritis Using Immunoproteomics.

ObjectiveThe goal is to discover novel circulating immune complexes (ICx) in the serum of lupus nephritis (LN) as potential biomarkers.MethodsProtein A/G magnetic beads or C1q-coated plates were used to capture ICx in the serum of LN, followed by the identification of immunoglobulin-binding proteins using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Bioinformatic approaches and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA Seq) databases were used to select potential candidate ICx markers in LN. The selected ICx markers were further validated using ELISA.ResultsA total of 300 immunoglobulin-binding proteins were discovered in the screening, among which 77 proteins were detectable only in LN samples. Bioinformatics-assisted selection allowed us to further identify 10 potential immunoglobulin-binding proteins, which form ICx as potential biomarkers in LN. In a validation cohort of 62 LN patients and 21 healthy controls (HC), we found that prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 (P3H1), phosphatase and actin regulator 4 (PHACTR4), and regulator of G-protein signaling 12 (RGS12) ICx exhibited discriminative capability in distinguishing LN from HC, with an area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.82, 0.99, and 0.90, respectively. Furthermore, a biomarker panel comprising CD14, CD34, cystatin A, myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C), RGS12, and ubiquitin C (UBC) ICx could distinguish active LN from inactive LN with an AUC value of 0.85, which is comparable to or better than pathological parameters such as renal activity index (AI) and renal chronicity index (CI).ConclusionImmunoproteomics-based discovery studies have enabled us to identify circulating immune complexes as potential biomarkers of LN.

Static Magnetic Fields Reduce Oxidative Stress to Improve Wound Healing and Alleviate Diabetic Complications.

Although some studies have shown that some static magnetic fields (SMFs) can promote wound healing in diabetic mice, it is not clear whether the other diabetes complications, such as liver disease and diabetic nephropathy, can also be alleviated. Here, we constructed two simple magnetic plates using neodymium permanent magnets to examine the comprehensive effects of moderate SMFs on genetically obese leptin receptor-deficient db/db diabetic mice. We found that although the blood glucose was not obviously reduced by these two SMF settings, both of the glycated serum protein (GSP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly decreased (Cohen’s d = 2.57–3.04). Moreover, the wound healing, liver lipid accumulation, and renal defects were all significantly improved by SMF treatment (Cohen’s d = 0.91–2.05). Wound tissue examination showed obvious nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) level decrease (Cohen’s d = 2.49–5.40) and Ki-67 level increase (Cohen’s d = 2.30–3.40), indicating decreased oxidative stress and increased cell proliferation. In vitro cellular studies with fibroblast NIH3T3 cells showed that SMFs could reduce high glucose-induced NRF2 nucleus translocation (Cohen’s d = 0.87–1.15) and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation (Cohen’s d = 0.92), indicating decreased oxidative stress. Consequently, high glucose-induced impairments in cell vitality, proliferation, and migration were all improved by SMF treatment. Therefore, our results demonstrate that these simple SMF devices could effectively reduce oxidative stress in diabetic mice and may provide a cost-effective physical therapy strategy to alleviate multiple diabetic complications in the future.

Active Deformation Control for a Magnetically Levitated Planar Motor Mover

This article describes a method for the active control of the deformations on a magnetically levitated moving-magnet planar motor. The planar motor under consideration is comprised of a stator on a double coil array configuration and a mover with permanent magnets, and it is designed to perform positioning tasks with nanometer level of accuracy. Due to the spatially asymmetric, nonuniform force distribution on the magnet plate, mechanical deformations are induced to the mover, which can severely hinder the desired positioning accuracy. The proposed method overcomes this challenge by properly shaping the force distribution on the moving magnet plate, which is enabled by the presence of multiple coils interacting with the mover, corresponding to an “overactuation” scheme. As a consequence, the independent control of elementary deformation shapes (modes) is achieved. The proposed overactuation scheme is experimentally validated on a planar motor prototype, proving the efficiency of the proposed method during both standstill and motion.

Gradient Coil Design Method Specifically for Permanent-magnet-type Low Field Portable MRI Brain Scanner

ferromagnetic structures, particularly the anti-eddy plate, in a bi-planar permanent-magnet-type low-field (0.05 T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scanner can distort the gradient field in the target region. This study aims to provide a new gradient coil design method that reduces ferromagnetic influences on gradient field linearity. Thus, a simplified model of electromagnetic (EM) structures of the permanent-magnet-type MRI scanners was established. By using precise analytical proof, the anti-eddy plate was reduced to a homogeneous magnetic plate. The overall effects of the EM structures, which can be represented by bi-planar magnetic plates, were evaluated. In sequence, the image magnetic dipole was first introduced to show the effects of anti-eddy plates were added to the conventional equivalent magnetic dipole (EMD) approach. A novel equivalent image magnetic dipole (EIMD) method was proposed to build the gradient coil pattern. The effect of ferromagnetic materials was predicted throughout the gradient coil design phase using the proposed method, and a high-linear gradient field was generated under real working conditions. The computational and experimental results showed that the gradient coil was linear when ferromagnetic structures were present. The effectiveness of the proposed method was demonstrated by comparing T1-weighted images of the conventional method to those of the proposed method. The proposed method reduced image distortion caused by nearby EM structures in bi-planar permanent-magnet-type low-field MRI systems and provided an effective and concise solution for gradient coil designs.

Hydrodynamics and Warmth Trade in Cycles of Cooling of an Attractive Plate in an Attractive Fluid in the Attractive Field

The effect of the magnetic field on heat transfer processes of a magnetized steel plate cooled in a magnetic fluid is experimentally studied. Thermocouples were installed at six points on the surface of the plate along its length. The plots of temperature versus time are obtained in the absence of a magnetic field and in magnetic fields of different intensity. It is found that the intensity of heat exchange depends to a large extent on the magnitude of the magnetic field and on the location of points on the surface of the plate. In a magnetic field, cooling of the central part of the plate occurs with the same intensity as in the absence of a magnetic field and with a lower intensity in comparison with other points on the surface of the plate. Near the plate ends, the cooling rate of the surface is much greater in the magnetic field than in the absence of it. With increasing magnetic field strength, the cooling rate of points in the central part of the plate decreases and is less than in the absence of a magnetic field. The dependence of heat transfer on the magnitude of the magnetic field is explained by the distribution of the magnetic forces acting on the liquid surrounding the plate and the nature of the vapor-air cavities formed near its surface. Experiments on simulation of formation and the shape of vapor-air cavities in a liquid surrounding a magnetizing plate are described.

A magnetic molecularly imprinted nanoparticle assay (MINA) for detection of pepsin

A fully abiotic Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticle Assay (MINA) is developed for detection of the model protein pepsin. The format of the pepsin assay is based on binding of fluorescent pepsin-specific molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) to the magnetic pepsin nanoparticles (MPN) immobilised on magnetic microtiter plate inserts. Competition between free pepsin and immobilised pepsin results in a decrease in nanoMIPs binding to the magnetic inserts, resulting in an increase in fluorescence. Pepsin-specific are prepared using a solid phase synthesis protocol. In order to increase the sensitivity of MINA, two labelling approaches are performed. The first approach uses a fluorescein acrylate included in the monomeric mixture during polymerisation, and the second approach is based on a post-imprinting modification of nanoparticles using the commercial fluorophore AlexaFluor® 647 NHS ester. It is observed that upon increase of free pepsin concentration from 1 μM to 100 μM, fluorescence is increased by 68%. No cross-reactivity in the presence of non-specific protein trypsin is detected. The results show that AlexaFluor-labelled nanoMIPs demonstrate higher performance towards pepsin than fluorescein-labelled nanoMIPs. The novel assay reduces the time and cost of analysis and does not uses any antibodies, eliminating the need for animal-derived reagents. The portfolio of the optimised protocols can potentially be applied for the detection of any other proteins of clinical and environmental interest.

Development of a new control rod drive mechanism design for the ISU AGN-201M reactor

The Aerojet General Nucleonics (AGN) model 201-Modified, known as the AGN-201M reactor, plays an essential role in the educational and research activities at Idaho State University (ISU). The ISU AGN-201M's original Control Rod Drive Mechanism (CRDM) has been in operation for more than fifty years with no large-scale redesigns. The CRDM is required to eject the fuel rods within one second during a SCRAM event (also known as a 'reactor trip') and adjust the control rods' insertion speed, and keeps the rod insertion sequence correct. The existing control rod drive mechanisms meet these criteria but experience a few concerns due to aging. Concerns include complex maintenance and costly repairs for old electromechanical components, rod position feedback errors, and the impediment of the plate during a SCRAM due to binding of the lead screws of the existing mechanism. During a binding event, the drive mechanism becomes locked, preventing the control rod's magnetic plate from moving in or out under the reactor's normal and emergency operating conditions. Although, the binding has no effect on the ability of the rod to exit the core during the SCRAM. To counteract the concerns and issues with the current CRDM, a new design has been proposed using newer components and a simplified design.The new design utilizes more advanced electric and mechanical components that are commercially available. The new CRDM system is divided into four main aspects: (1) control rod movement design (motor, lead screw, guide rods), (2) control rod ejection (springs, electromagnet), (3) control rod position and feedback (position transducer, microswitches), and (4) material selection and structural analysis. The new design aims to reduce the overall complexity and probability of failure to improve the reactor's overall reliability. With proper material selection and improved structural design, the new drives are lighter with little to no change in structural integrity. The new control rod drive mechanism eliminates binding scenarios by using a single lead screw and implementing additional guide rods. An advanced linear position sensor and microswitches replace the existing and aging synchro system for accurate rod position feedback resulting in better reactivity control. The new design meets the reactor's operational limits by having an average reactivity insertion of 0.065% Δk/k per second, which corresponds to a total control rod insertion time of 19.23 s, while the control rod's ejection time remains less than one second during a SCRAM event. The new design ensures the reactor's long-term viability for educational and research activities by increasing the reliability and safety of operation for years to come.

Development of a novel magnetorheological brake with zigzag magnetic flux path

In this research work, a novel disc-type configuration of magneto-rheological brake (MRB) with zigzag magnetic flux path is proposed. In this design, a rotor component consisting of several magnetic plates integrated in a disc made of non-magnetic material is implemented. A magnetic plate is separated with the others by nonmagnetic separators of the disc. Corresponding magnetic plates and separators are also implemented on the housing of the MRB. With this configuration, the magnetic flux line is forced to cross the MR fluid (MRF) duct from the disc to the housing at this separator and then from the housing to the disc at the next separator. This results in a zigzag magnetic flux path between the disc and the housing. The separators on each side of the housing are integrated on a bobbin, on which the magnetic coil is installed. When counter currents are applied to the coils on each side of the housing, a mutual magnetic field with zigzag flux lines across the MRF duct is generated. Based on the electromagnetic finite element and torque analysis, optimization problem considering the maximum achievable braking torque and the minimum mass of the MRB is performed. After that, optimal results of the MRB are obtained and compared with those of MRBs in previous works. Based on optimal results of the MRB with a maximum achievable braking torque of 20 Nm, an MRB prototype is fabricated and experimentally investigated to validate the simulation results.