Magnetic Nanomaterials Research Articles

Fe-carbide/Fe-oxide-based nanocomposites synthesized as magnetic nanomaterials via laser ablation synthesis in solution (LASiS)

Magnetic nanostructured materials (MNMs) have gained prominence in materials technology developments owing to their potential biomedical applications for hyperthermia cancer treatment, and transplant organ cryopreservation. Herein, we report the facile and cost-effective synthesis of Fe-based composite MNMs, comprising both Fe@Fe2O3 and Fe3C@C core-shell nanoparticles (NPs), via Laser Ablation Synthesis in Solution (LASiS) using Fe targets ablated under acetone and toluene. Detailed materials characterizations using electron microscopy-based imaging, diffraction studies, and spectroscopic analyses - including Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopy - relate the structure-composition properties for different Fe-oxide/carbide phases in the aforesaid MNMs to their respective magnetic responses. Specifically, we confirm the presence of ultra-small (2–10 nm) amorphous Fe-oxide NPs, as well as Fe@Fe2O3 core-shell NPs (20–40 nm) in the samples synthesized by ablating Fe under acetone. In contrast, samples synthesized under toluene indicate a higher concentration of Fe3C@C core-shell NPs (20–40 nm) with a relatively low concentration of Fe2O3 NPs (2–10 nm). Furthermore, the crystallinity of the metallic phases and carbonaceous shell coatings are systematically increased by carrying out LASiS under heated toluene (up to ∼95 °C). Mössbauer spectroscopy results indicate that the elevation in toluene temperature leads to an increase in the concentrations of Fe3C@C NPs from ∼40 % to ∼53 % (at.).

Research Progress and Prospects of Magnetic Nanomaterials

Nanomaterials are one of the research and development hotspots in the field of cutting-edge new materials, and also an important strategic emerging industry.Magnetic nanomaterials have broad application prospects in fields such as chemical engineering, new materials, electronic information, and biomedicine. This article introduces the application progress and preparation methods of magnetic nanomaterials, and puts forward suggestions for further optimizing the preparation process of magnetic nanomaterials and developing new magnetic materials with better performance.

Optimization Analysis and Design of Electromagnetic Matching Characteristics of Nano Radar Wave Absorbing Materials Based on Computational Intelligence

Nanometer radar wave absorbent is a new type of absorbent with great development prospect, which has important application demand in radar wave application. However, there are great differences in the practical application effects of different nano-radar wave absorbing materials, so it is necessary to optimize and analyze these differences, and the emergence of computational intelligence technology supplements this work. One of the great advantages of computational intelligence is that it does not rely on the correct model of the system when dealing with performance issues, and is affected by a variety of organisms and biota through algebraic methods. The high-level intelligent system with strong cognitive behavior awareness makes each algorithm have the characteristics of parallelism, social behavior, unit intelligence, openness and so on. Based on computational intelligence, this study analyzes the electromagnetic matching characteristics of nano-radar absorbing materials and concludes that: (1) An absorber cell structure with a tunable interface is designed using the tunable FSS bandpass to replace the previous fixed FSS bandpass. The results show that the transmission rate can be adjusted in a certain range and the input loss is low. Meets the design requirements of a customizable absorber. (2) In order to improve the impact force of nano-absorbing materials, it is necessary to analyze the similarities and differences with others, and process the life information after identification. The improved computational intelligence model can extract and analyze the information efficiently and quickly. (3) Under the same thickness of the design, the single-layer fabric has higher electric wave intensity, but the frequency band is narrower, while the double-layer fabric has higher electric wave input bandwidth. Electrical carbon black can be filled with magnetic nanomaterials to enhance radio wave performance. The composite material has very good electric wave mixing performance, and the polar grinding composite nano material is very suitable for improving the magnetic property and the uniformity of the carbon black particles. (4) For a particular secondary channel, consider using a fast numerical algorithm to optimize the path based on the curvature of the key channel. Proper planning in a robotic approach can not only perform the required tasks efficiently, but also improve performance, reduce workload, and extend the lifetime of the robot.

Cellulose-based magnetic nanomaterials immobilized esterases as a reusable and effective detoxification agent for patulin in apple juice

Patulin, an important contaminant in apple juice processing, exhibits various toxicities to humans. In existing patulin detoxification methods, enzymes are desirable biological detoxification agents. Here, magnetic nanocrystalline cellulose (MNCC) was prepared and employed as support for the immobilization of porcine liver esterase (PLE) to synthesize a novel cellulose-based magnetic patulin detoxification agent (PLE@MNCC). The detoxification rate of patulin by PLE@MNCC exceeded 80%. PLE@MNCC also enabled rapid separation and recovery after application while exhibiting superior storage stability, reusability and biocompatibility. After 8 repetitive cycles of usage, PLE@MNCC retained approximately 50% of its initial activity. Moreover, the cytotoxicity evaluation demonstrated a significant decrease in patulin toxicity after the detoxification. Crucially, there were no significant adverse changes in the quality of apple juice after detoxification. PLE@MNCC as an effective, reusable, environmentally friendly and safe enzyme agent provided an efficient strategy for the detoxification of patulin in fruit juices.

A theoretical model to predict the Curie and Neel temperatures of Ni and Fe3O4 nanostructured magnetic materials

A simple and unified model, based on size, shape, and surface effect is reported to estimate the magnetic properties of Ni and Fe3O4 nanomaterials. The relaxation factor, which is the ratio of dangling bonds to an atom's total bonds, is reported in the theory to estimate the properties of magnetic nanomaterials. The Curie temperature is projected to decrease with the decrement in particle size. The particle shape influences the Curie temperature of Ni and Fe3O4 nanoparticles and this effect becomes prominent with the reduction in particle size. The model is extended on the same ground to analyze the Neel temperature of Ni and Fe3O4 nanomaterials. Neel temperature also decreases as particle size decreases. The variation of Curie temperature and Neel temperature is projected for spherical, cubic, wire, and film shaped nanoparticles. It is also observed that the effect of size is more appreciable when the shape changes from cubic to the film of nanoparticles. Although, model predictions are valid throughout the size range of nanoparticles, but more noticeable up to the size of 20 nm. Moreover, the reported model is valid for all conducting and semiconducting crystalline nanostructured materials. Our theoretical calculations are in agreement with the standing experimental data and the simulation results for nanoparticles in varying shapes and sizes.

Self-Assembled FeIII-TAML-Based Magnetic Nanostructures for Rapid and Sustainable Destruction of Bisphenol A.

This study focused on constructing iron(III)-tetraamidomacrocyclic ligand (FeIII-TAML)-based magnetic nanostructures via a surfactant-assisted self-assembly (SAS) method to enhance the reactivity and recoverability of FeIII-TAML activators, which have been widely employed to degrade various organic contaminants. We have fabricated FeIII-TAML-based magnetic nanomaterials (FeIII-TAML/CTAB@Fe3O4, CTAB refers to cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) by adding a mixed solution of FeIII-TAML and NH3·H2O into another mixture containing CTAB, FeCl2 and FeCl3 solutions. The as-prepared FeIII-TAML/CTAB@Fe3O4 nanocomposite showed relative reactivity compared with free FeIII-TAML as indicated by decomposition of bisphenol A (BPA). Moreover, our results demonstrated that the FeIII-TAML/CTAB@Fe3O4 composite can be separated directly from reaction solutions by magnet adsorption and reused for at least four times. Therefore, the efficiency and recyclability of self-assembled FeIII-TAML/CTAB@Fe3O4 nanostructures will enable the application of FeIII-TAML-based materials with a lowered expense for environmental implication.

Magnetic Nanomaterials for Sample Preparation of Disease-related Biomarkers.

Measuring clinically relevant biomarkers is critical for disease screening, diagnosis, and therapeutic monitoring. However, analyzing trace biomarkers in complex biological fluids remains challenging. Magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) has recently emerged as a promising sample preparation approach due to its simplicity, efficiency, and ability to selectively isolate biomarkers. Databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, were systematically searched for studies on MSPE for clinical biomarkers. Key findings on nanomaterial synthesis strategies, surface modifications, and applications in biomarker isolation were synthesized. Recent research demonstrates magnetic nanoparticles with tailored surface chemistry can selectively extract biomarkers like cancer antigens, neurotransmitters, and pharmaceuticals from matrices such as plasma, urine, and serum. MSPE enables clinically relevant limits of detection, high recovery, and purification in a rapid and simple workflow. This technique shows significant potential to improve clinical diagnostics. Further research on novel magnetic materials and surface functionalization is warranted. This review provides insights for researchers aiming to develop MSPE methods for sensitive and selective analysis of clinical biomarkers.

Structural, morphological, dielectric, and spectral properties of Sr-Mg-Ho X-type magnetic nano materials suitable for microwave absorption application

Holmium (Ho3+) substituted Sr2Mg2Fe28O46 X-type hexa-ferrites were synthesized using the sol-gel auto-combustion route. The single phase of Sr2Mg2Fe28-xHoxO46 where 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.20, Δx = 0.05, X-type hexa-ferrites was confirmed using XRD peaks. The crystalline size was studied from XRD data and found to be in the 11 nm–24 nm range. The micro strain increased with the substitution of Ho3+. FTIR exposed the specific stretching vibration and absorption peaks in the 400 cm−1 - 600 cm−1 range. The force constant (ko) decreased from 1.74 N/cm to 1.65 N/cm with the increasing concentration of Ho3+. The grain size range is 371–493 nm, measured by SEM analysis, and plate-like structure plays a crucial role in enhancing the permeability of magnetic material. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed the hexagonal structure of X-type ferrites (x = 0.20). The results of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiment confirmed the presence of all metal ions in the given composition with their required valences. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and tangent loss are found to increase with the substitution of the Ho3+ ion. In addition, the higher values of dielectric parameters and dielectric loss suggest that the material may suitable for high-frequency applications and best for microwave absorbers. Our aim is to discuss the characteristics and applications of microwave absorption materials, understand their behavior, and contribute to the development of upcoming novel devices. The resonance peak's appearance shows that these materials are best for multilayer chip inductors and EMI attenuation.

N atoms regulate heterogeneous crystal phase engineering of mesoporous magnetic FexN nanofibers to promote electromagnetic wave dissipation of magnetic composite aerogel absorbers

One dimensional (1D) soft magnetic nanomaterial and its lightweight porous composites are highly needed in promoting electromagnetic wave absorption for the high-frequency magnetic response and low density. In this study, lightweight magnetic composite aerogels were fabricated through the process of heterogeneous crystal phase, involving the modulation of 1D mesoporous magnetic FexN nanofibers with N atoms. The promotion of electromagnetic wave dissipation was achieved through meticulous composition design and interface optimization. The multi-mode magnetic resonance of 1D heterogeneous crystal FexN magnetic nanofibers, along with the N-doped reduced graphene/amorphous carbon three-dimensional conductive network, greatly enhances electromagnetic wave dissipation through the magnetic-dielectric synergistic effect. Consequently, the resulting composite absorber demonstrates remarkable microwave absorption capabilities, achieving a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EABmax) of 6.63 GHz at a thickness of 2.13 mm, and a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −63.3 dB. In addition, the composite magnetic aerogel with the best microwave absorption performance shows a low density of 11.25 mg/cm3. This electromagnetic synergy approach is anticipated to serve as a guide for the development of highly efficient lightweight magnetoelectric composite for wideband microwave absorption in the future.

Inactivation effect and kinetic analysis of multi-band ultraviolet LED combined with Ag/N modified magnetic TiO2 on microorganisms in ballast water

The invasion of harmful aquatic organisms from ship ballast water is a serious threat to the marine ecosystem. However, the existing treatment technology has the defects of high energy consumption, secondary pollution and easy revival of organisms, etc. How to inactivate the microorganisms in ballast water efficiently is always a difficult challenge. In this study, the inactivation of Karenia mikimotoi and Escherichia coli under UVA/UVCLED photocatalytic system (UVA/UVCLED + Ag/N-Fe3O4-SiO2-TiO2) was investigated using Ag-modified and N-modified magnetic TiO2 nanomaterials. The results showed that the ability of 1.5 % Ag with 3 % N dual-modified TiO2 to enhance the system's biologically logarithmic inactivation rate was 4–5 times higher than that of conventional unmodified TiO2. The Ag/N-modified magnetic TiO2 had the best photocatalytic activity at a dosage of 500 mg/L. After 6 cycles of use, the inactivation efficiency in combination with UVA/UVCLED only decreased by 8.76 % compared with the initial use, and the recycling rate was still up to 95.75 %. Meanwhile, the scanning electron microscope showed that the photocatalyst itself only had some minor changes after 6 cycles, which confirmed the fact that the photocatalytic removal rate (higher than 91.24 %) could still be maintained at a high level. The UVA/UVCLED photocatalytic system significantly inhibited the scavenging ability of superoxide dismutase (SOD) on reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhanced the toxic effect of ROS on cells, and ultimately accelerated the process of apoptosis and inhibited biological resurrection. In addition, this study verified the inactivation kinetics of the target microorganisms using Chick-Watson, Hom and Biphasic models, and found that all individuals in the same population differed in their tolerance to UV radiation, and some of them absorbed more than a threshold dose of UV radiation before showing inactivation responses. The Biphasic model (R2: 0.99571–0.99926) can better simulate the nonlinear changes exhibited during the inactivation process and is more applicable to the actual disinfection situation of UVA/UVCLED photocatalytic systems. The UVA/UVCLED + Ag/N-Fe3O4-SiO2-TiO2 photocatalytic technology developed in this study, as a novel oxidation process, reduces energy consumption while effectively inhibiting the reanimation of organisms, and exhibits a strong potential for application in the fields of restoring the environment of water bodies and blocking the spread of pathogens.

Biomimetic Approach for Sustainable Magnetite Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Polycations

AbstractMagnetotactic bacteria produce magnetite nanoparticles called magnetosomes at ambient conditions via a protein‐stabilized transient amorphous precursor to obtain precise control over particle size and morphology. In a bioinspired approach, such biomineralization processes are emulated, mimicking proteins involved in magnetosome formation using the positively charged analog poly‐L‐arginine. While the additive is expensive, it remains elusive whether the change in magnetite formation mechanism arises solely from the polymer's cationic nature. This study uses different mass‐produced and sustainably sourced polycations to induce the biomineralization‐reminiscent formation of magnetite nanoparticles. These findings present how to achieve control over nanoparticle size (from 10 to 159 nm) and morphology (compact and sub‐structured) as well as magnetic properties (superparamagnetic, stable‐single‐domain, vortex state) at ambient temperature and pressure using these additives. Furthermore, the formation of large nanoparticles with the addition of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) at low alkalinity highlights how magnetotactic bacteria may produce magnetite nanoparticles under similar conditions. Confirming the polycations' ability to electrostatic stabilize amorphous ferrihydrite, it is anticipated that parametric in vitro studies on polymer properties will provide valuable insights into magnetite biomineralization and aid in rationally designing magnetic nanomaterials.

Magnetic decorated 5-sulfosalicylic acid grafted to chitosan: A solid acid organocatalyst for green synthesis of quinazoline derivatives

In this research, a new magnetically decorated multifunctional solid acid was designed and prepared conveniently by grafting of 5-sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) onto the chitosan (CS) backbone using toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) linker for the first time. The obtained magnetic biopolymeric nanomaterial, CS-TDI-SSA-Fe3O4, was properly characterized by using spectroscopic, microscopic, or analytical methods including FT-IR, EDX, XRD, BET, FESEM, TGA, and VSM. The supramolecular CS-TDI-SSA-Fe3O4 nanocomposite was investigated, as a heterogeneous organocatalyst, to promote the three-component synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazoline-4(1H)-one derivatives under green conditions. The solid acidic CS-TDI-SSA-Fe3O4 nanocatalyst demonstrates highly efficient activity for the synthesis of a wide range of quinazoline derivatives, as an important pharmaceutical scaffold, through the multicomponent strategy. The reaction proceeds very well in the presence of CS-TDI-SSA-Fe3O4 solid acid in EtOH to afford corresponding 2,3-dihydroquinazoline-4(1H)-one (DHQ) derivatives in high to excellent yields. The key advantages of the present protocol are the use of a novel, renewable, biopolymeric, and biodegradable solid acid as well as a simple procedure for the preparation of the hybrid material. Furthermore, the CS-TDI-SSA-Fe3O4 catalyst can be used at least five times for the synthesis of DHQ derivatives with a slight decrease in its catalytic activity.

Advancements in enzyme immobilization on magnetic nanomaterials: toward sustainable industrial applications.

Enzymes are widely used in biofuels, food, and pharmaceuticals. The immobilization of enzymes on solid supports, particularly magnetic nanomaterials, enhances their stability and catalytic activity. Magnetic nanomaterials are chosen for their versatility, large surface area, and superparamagnetic properties, which allow for easy separation and reuse in industrial processes. Researchers focus on the synthesis of appropriate nanomaterials tailored for specific purposes. Immobilization protocols are predefined and adapted to both enzymes and support requirements for optimal efficiency. This review provides a detailed exploration of the application of magnetic nanomaterials in enzyme immobilization protocols. It covers methods, challenges, advantages, and future perspectives, starting with general aspects of magnetic nanomaterials, their synthesis, and applications as matrices for solid enzyme stabilization. The discussion then delves into existing enzymatic immobilization methods on magnetic nanomaterials, highlighting advantages, challenges, and potential applications. Further sections explore the industrial use of various enzymes immobilized on these materials, the development of enzyme-based bioreactors, and prospects for these biocatalysts. In summary, this review provides a concise comparison of the use of magnetic nanomaterials for enzyme stabilization, highlighting potential industrial applications and contributing to manufacturing optimization.

Block copolymer self-assembly derived mesoporous magnetic materials with three-dimensionally (3D) co-continuous gyroid nanostructure.

Magnetic nanomaterials are gaining interest for their many applications in technological areas from information science and computing to next-generation quantum energy materials. While magnetic materials have historically been nanostructured through techniques such as lithography and molecular beam epitaxy, there has recently been growing interest in using soft matter self-assembly. In this work, a triblock terpolymer, poly(isoprene-block-styrene-block-ethylene oxide) (ISO), is used as a structure directing agent for aluminosilicate sol nanoparticles and magnetic material precursors to generate organic-inorganic bulk hybrid films with co-continuous morphology. After thermal processing into mesoporous materials, results from a combination of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are consistent with the double gyroid morphology. Nitrogen sorption measurements reveal a type IV isotherm with H1 hysteresis, and yield a specific surface area of around 200 m2 g-1 and an average pore size of 23 nm. The magnetization of the mesostructured material as a function of applied field shows magnetic hysteresis and coercivity at 300 K and 10 K. Comparison of magnetic measurements between the mesoporous gyroid and an unstructured bulk magnetic material, derived from the identical inorganic precursors, reveals the structured material exhibits a coercivity of 250 Oe, opposed to 148 Oe for the unstructured at 10 K, and presence of remnant magnetic moment not conventionally found in bulk hematite; both of these properties are attributed to the mesostructure. This scalable route to mesoporous magnetic materials with co-continuous morphologies from block copolymer self-assembly may provide a pathway to advanced magnetic nanomaterials with a range of potential applications.

Green synthesis of β-cyclodextrin conjugated Fe3O4/NiO nanocomposites and its synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalytic degradation for Congo red removal

The Fe3O4/NiO magnetic nanomaterials were prepared by microwave-assisted and hydrothermal synthesis in β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) solution, which can be employed as absorbents and photocatalysts for the degradation of Congo red (CR). The XRD, EDX and TEM characterizations were used to determine the structure, composition and morphology of the as-prepared samples. The interaction between Fe3O4/NiO nanoparticles and β-CD molecules was investigated by TGA and FT-IR spectra. The results indicate that β-CD molecules can encapsulate the as-prepared nanoparticles and control the nucleation and growth of Fe3O4/NiO nanocrystals to certain extent. The pyrolysis of β-CD molecules and calcination treatment produced porous structure that provides more adsorption sites for CR molecules. The effect of reaction factors including calcination temperature and pH values was studied to determine the optimum condition. In addition, the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of CR absorbed on Fe3O4/NiO nanoparticles were measured to understand the adsorption mechanism. The high removal efficiency for CR in aqueous solution was achieved within 60 min of adsorption and 40 min of UV-light irradiation, which can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the adsorption–photodegradation process. The prepared Fe3O4/NiO nanocrystals exhibit high adsorption capacity, magnetic separability, good photocatalytic activity and renewability, making it a potential material for wastewater treatment.

Preparation of amphiphilic poly(divinylbenzene-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone)-functionalized polydopamine magnetic nanoadsorbents for enrichment of synthetic cannabinoids in wastewater.

Concerns have been raised about synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), which are among the most often trafficked and used illegal substances. An analytical method that holds promise for determining illicit drug use in the general population is wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE). Unfortunately, the concentration of SCs in wastewater is often extremely low on account of their hydrophobic nature, thus presenting a significant obstacle to the accurate detection and quantification of SCs using WBE. In this study, we present novel magnetic nanomaterials as amphiphilic adsorbents for pretreatment of wastewater using magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE). Polydopamine-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles were used as the magnetic core and further functionalized with poly(divinylbenzene-N-vinylpyrrolidone). Coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS analysis, an analytical method to simultaneously detect nine SCs at trace-levels in wastewater was developed and validated, enriching 50 mL wastewater to 100 μL with limits of detection (LOD) being 0.005-0.5 ng L-1, limits of quantification (LOQ) being 0.01-1.0 ng L-1, recoveries ranging from 73.99 to 110.72%, and the intra- and inter-day precision's relative standard deviations less than 15%. In comparison to the time-consuming conventional column-based solid phase extraction, the entire MSPE procedure from sample pre-treatment to data acquisition could be finished in one hour, thus largely facilitating the WBE method for drug surveillance and control.

Enhanced magnetic susceptibility in Ti3C2Tx MXene with Co and Ni incorporation.

Magnetic nanomaterials are sought to provide new functionalities for applications ranging from information processing and storage to energy generation and biomedical imaging. MXenes are a rapidly growing family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides with versatile chemical and structural diversity, resulting in a variety of interesting electronic and optical properties. However, strategies for producing MXenes with tailored magnetic responses remain underdeveloped and challenging. Herein, we incorporate elemental Ni and Co into Ti3C2Tx MXene by mixing with dilute metal chloride solutions. We achieve a uniform distribution of Ni and Co, confirmed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping with nanometer resolution, with Ni and Co concentrations of approximately 2 and 7 at% relative to the Ti concentration. The magnetic susceptibility of these Ni- and Co-incorporated Ti3C2Tx MXenes is one to two orders of magnitude larger than pristine Ti3C2Tx, illustrating the potential for dilute metal incorporation to enhance linear magnetic responses at room temperature.

Synthesis of Zn/Al layered double hydroxides magnetic-nanoparticle for removal of humic acid

A novel adsorbent of Zn/Al-LDH functionalized magnetic composite nanomaterial was successfully synthesis using a hydrothermal co-precipitation approach with NaOH as precipitating agent, and applied for the removal of humic acid (HA) from aqueous solution. The preparation, morphology, composition, and magnetic properties of Fe3O4 @SiO2-Zn/Al LDH were characterized by SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, VSM, FT-IR and XPS. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of contact time, initial concentration, solution pH and conformed to the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption test on HA demonstrated that Fe3O4 @SiO2-Zn/Al LDH exhibited optimal removal efficiency at pH 4.0, with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L and contact time of 10 min. At room temperature, 1 g Fe3O4 @SiO2-Zn/Al LDH demonstrated a removal capacity of 46.16 mg/g. These results indicated that lower pH were beneficial to the adsorption process. Fe3O4 coated with SiO2, which improves the stability and acid resistance of the overall material. Moreover, XRD, XPS and FT-IR analyzes proved that the electrostatic interactions and ion-exchange were responsible for removal of HA on Fe3O4 @SiO2-Zn/Al LDH.

Chemical exfoliation of 1-dimensional antiferromagnetic nanoribbons from a non-van der Waals material.

As the demand for increasingly varied types of 1-dimensional (1D) materials grows, there is a greater need for new methods to synthesize these types of materials in a simple and scalable way. Chemical exfoliation is commonly used to make 2-dimensional (2D) materials, often in a way that is both straightforward and suitable for making larger quantities, yet this method has thus far been underutilized for synthesizing 1D materials. In the few instances when chemical exfoliation has been used to make 1D materials, the starting compound has been a van der Waals material, thus excluding any structures without these weak bonds inherently present. We demonstrate here that ionically bonded crystals can also be chemically exfoliated to 1D structures by choosing KFeS2 as an example. Using chemical exfoliation, antiferromagnetic 1D nanoribbons can be yielded in a single step. The nanoribbons are crystalline and closely resemble the parent compound both in structure and in intrinsic antiferromagnetism. The facile chemical exfoliation of an ionically bonded crystal shown in this work opens up opportunities for the synthesis of both magnetic and non-magnetic 1D nanomaterials from a greater variety of starting structures.

Magnetic two-dimensional nanocomposites for multimodal antitumor therapy: a recent review.

Magnetic two-dimensional nanocomposites (M2D NCs) that synergistically combine magnetic nanomedicine and 2D nanomaterials have emerged in multimodal antitumor therapy, attracting great interest in materials science and biomedical engineering. This review provides a summary of the recent advances of M2D NCs and their multimodal antitumor applications. We first introduce the design and fabrication of M2D NCs, followed by discussing new types of M2D NCs that have been recently reported. Then, a detailed analysis and discussions about the different types of M2D NCs are presented based on the structural categories of 2D NMs, including 2D graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), transition metal carbides/nitrides/carbonitrides (MXenes), black phosphorus (BP), layered double hydroxides (LDHs), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and other 2D nanomaterials. In particular, we focus on the synthesis strategies, magnetic or optical responsive performance, and the versatile antitumor applications, which include magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT), photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), drug delivery, immunotherapy and multimodal imaging. We conclude the review by proposing future developments with an emphasis on the mass production and biodegradation mechanism of the M2D NCs. This work is expected to provide a comprehensive overview to researchers and engineers who are interested in such a research field and promote the clinical translation of M2D NCs in practical applications.