Production Of Magnetic Monopoles Research Articles

Phase Transitions and Magnetic Monopole Production in the Very Early Universe

Phase Transitions and Magnetic Monopole Production in the Very Early Universe

Phase Transitions and Magnetic Monopole Production in the Very Early Universe

In grand unified models, the abundance of superheavy magnetic monopoles in the universe can be suppressed if (1) the phase transition which creates the monopoles occurs after much supercooling; and (2) immediately after the phase transition, the effective monopole mass is large compared with the temperature. These requirements impose constraints on the history of the early universe. The Georgi-Glashow SU(5) group probably breaks to SU(4) \ensuremath{\bigotimes} U(1) before it reaches SU(3) \ensuremath{\bigotimes} SU(2) \ensuremath{\bigotimes} U(1).

Creation of magnetic monopoles in pulsars

THE symmetry of the free Maxwell equations under transformation of electric field into magnetic field led Dirac1 to suggest the existence of magnetic monopoles. Many experimental searches for these particles have been made on different accelerators and using cosmic ray interactions; no magnetic monopoles having been detected, upper limits of the cross sections for the creation of monopoles have been obtained. The data of Ross et al.2 are the best and can be fitted by: where σpn is the proton–nucleon cross-sections in cm2, and mg the monopole mass in GeV c−2. It is believed3,4 that very energetic particles are created in pulsars. These particles can interact between themselves and/or be smashed onto the neutron star surface to produce pairs of magnetic monopoles and antimonopoles. These monopoles (if they exist or are effectively produced) would be accelerated in the pulsar magnetic field, one species towards the interstellar medium, the other towards the neutron star, producing a decrease in the magnetic field. Such a phenomenon can be related to observations, particularly to the discrepancy between the characteristic and the kinematical ages. We show here that these observations can be explained by a production of magnetic monopoles, inherent to the pulsars, with a cross-section lower than equation (1), (that is, without contraction with the negative results of the terrestrial searches). More specifically, we will consider the magnetic monopoles production on the neutron star surface, in the Ruderman and Sutherland model4. Other models (with and without gaps) will be considered elsewhere.

Notizen:The Occurrence of Ultrastrong Magnetic Fields in Nuclear Shock Waves

Abstract In fast heavy nucleus-nucleus collisions transient magnetic fields as high as ~1018 Gauss are predicted. The occurrence of these superstrong magnetic fields may lead to the production of magnetic monopoles and to CP conservation with zero Cabibbo angle.

Kinematic Constraints on the Production of Magnetic Monopoles

A lower limit for the lab energy of a magnetic monopole produced from a stationary target is derived and used to study implications of the data of Price et al.Received 2 September 1975DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.35.1126©1975 American Physical Society

Evidence at the10−18probability level against the production of magnetic monopoles in proton interactions at 300 GeV/c

An electromagnetic search for magnetic monopoles that requires very few assumptions about their properties has been performed in material exposed to protons accelerated at Fermilab, to electrons at SLAC, and to $pp$ interactions at the CERN ISR. The most significant irradiation (Fermilab, 300 GeV/c) produced 2.5 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{18}$ primary proton-aluminum interactions. No monopoles were found. If monopoles exist with masses less than 12 GeV, the probability of pair production in a proton-nucleon collision is of the order of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$ or less with 95% confidence.

Search for neutrino-produced magnetic monopoles in a bubble chamber exposure

J. Schwinger has suggested that magnetically charged particles could be produced via a magnetically charged intermediate boson process similar to the mechanism sometimes envisioned for double muon production by neutrinos. A search for magnetic monopole production by neutrinos has been made by reexamining the CERN heavy liquid bubble chamber pictures obtained during the neutrino exposures of 1963 and 1967. Five different searches were made for events which contained a free monopole with and without target nucleus excitation, and for bound monopoles which deexcited by photon emission. No events were found. Neutrino monopole production cross-section limits are given.

Magnetic monopole production by virtual photons

We estimate the magnetic monopole pair production cross section from internal virtual photons in p-p collisions. Comparing predictions to the only accelarator experiment to date gives a lower mass limit M ⪆ 5 GeV for monopoles produced by this mechanism. Comparison to the lunar data is made, and provided one accepts several assumptions, a limit of M ⪆ 100 GeV is obtained. The inclusion of final state interactions between monopole and antimonopole is found not to modify the salient features of the other results.

Search for magnetic monopoles at the 70 GeV IPHE proton synchrotron

The result of a search for magnetic charged particles at 70 GeV IPHE proton synchrotron is presented. Using the ferromagnetic trap method the upper limit of the magnetic monopole production cross-section in proton-nucleon collisions was found to be α (95%) ⩾ × 10 −43 cm 2.

Upper Limit for Magnetic-Monopole Production by Neutrinos

Upper Limit for Magnetic-Monopole Production by Neutrinos