Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Sandpack flooding of microwave absorbent nanofluids under electromagnetic radiation: an experimental study

AbstractElectromagnetic (EM) radiation has long been recognized as an effective method for enhancing the quality and recovery of heavy and extra-heavy crude oil. The incorporation of EM absorbers, particularly nanoparticles, has demonstrated significant potential to boost efficiency and expand the stimulated reservoir volume. However, the application of simultaneous EM radiation and nanofluid injection in a natural porous medium, which is critical for the successful implementation of this approach in field-scale operations, remains an underexplored frontier. In this context, this research represents a pioneering endeavor, aiming to bridge this knowledge gap through a comprehensive statistical and optimization study. The primary objective was to unravel the intricate interplay between five distinct types of magnetic nanoparticles and their concentrations within the base fluid to improve oil production. Notably, it focused on iron oxide (Fe3O4) magnetic nanoparticles and their innovative hybridization with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and nickel oxide (NiO) nanomaterial. A newly designed glass sandpack was employed as the porous medium, thus mirroring real reservoir conditions more accurately. Then, a rigorous full factorial design scrutinized the multifaceted effects of nanoparticle type and concentration when introduced into deionized water during this process. The results showed that microwave radiation, applied at 400 W, dramatically improved oil recovery, catapulting it from a baseline of 19% to an impressive 39.5% during water injection. The addition of magnetic nanoparticles to the base fluid enhances efficiency. However, the specific type of nanoparticle exerts varying effects on oil recovery rates. Notably, the synthesis of Fe3O4–MWCNT nanoparticles had a substantial impact on the ultimate oil recovery factor, achieving approximately 69%. Furthermore, the hybridization of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with MWCNT and NiO nanoparticles leads to reduced consumption (using low weight percentages) while achieving the highest oil recovery rates during the injection process. Finally, the optimization analysis demonstrated that employing 0.34 wt.% of Fe3O4–MWCNT nanoparticles under 400 W of microwave radiation represents the optimal condition for achieving the highest oil production in a sandpack porous medium. Under these conditions, the oil recovery factor can increase to 78%.

Recyclable and Environmentally Friendly Magnetic Nanoparticles with Aggregation-Induced Emission Photosensitizer for Sustainable Bacterial Inactivation in Water.

Bacterial photodynamic inactivation based on the combined actions of photosensitizers, light, and oxygen presents a promising alternative for eliminating bacteria compared to conventional water disinfection methods. However, a significant challenge in this approach is the inability to retrieve photosensitizers after phototreatment, posing potential adverse environmental impacts. Additionally, conventional photosensitizers often exhibit limited photostability and photodynamic efficiency. This study addresses these challenges by employing an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) photosensitizer, iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 MNPs), and Pluronic F127 to fabricate AIE magnetic nanoparticles (AIE MNPs). AIE MNPs not only exhibit fluorescence imaging capabilities and superior photosensitizing ability but also demonstrate broad-spectrum bactericidal activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The controlled release of TPA-Py-PhMe and magnetic characteristics of the AIE MNPs facilitate reuse and recycling for multiple cycles of bacterial inactivation in water. Our findings contribute valuable insights into developing environmentally friendly disinfectants, emphasizing the full potential of AIE photosensitizers in photodynamic inactivation beyond biomedical applications.

Linear dichroism measurement of geomagnetic orientation of magnetic nanoparticles

Abstract The magnetic orientation of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in dried and aqueous dispersion samples was investigated under weak magnetic fields down to the geomagnetic field using linear dichroism measurements. The geomagnetic orientation of MNPs was observed when the primary MNPs in dispersions made the agglomerates using a magnetic moment that was about 10 times larger than that of the primary particle.

Magnetic fibrin nanofiber hydrogel delivering iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles promotes peripheral nerve regeneration.

Peripheral nerve injury is a debilitating condition that have a profound impact on the overall quality of an individual's life. The repair of peripheral nerve defects continues to present significant challenges in the field. Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (IONPs) have been recognized as potent nanotools for promoting the regeneration of peripheral nerves due to their capability as biological carriers and their ability to template the hydrogel structure under an external magnetic field. This research used a fibrin nanofiber hydrogel loaded with IONPs (IONPs/fibrin) to promote the regeneration of peripheral nerves in rats. In vitro examination of PC12 cells on various concentrations of IONPs/fibrin hydrogels revealed a remarkable increase in NGF and VEGF expression at 2% IONPs concentration. The biocompatibility and degradation of 2% IONPs/fibrin hydrogel were assessed using the in vivo imaging system, demonstrating subcutaneous degradation within a week without immediate inflammation. Bridging a 10-mm sciatic nerve gap in Sprague Dawley rats with 2% IONPs/fibrin hydrogel led to satisfactory morphological recovery of myelinated nerve fibers. And motor functional recovery in the 2% IONPs/fibrin group was comparable to autografts at 6, 9 and 12 weeks postoperatively. Hence, the composite fibrin hydrogel incorporating 2% IONPs exhibits potential for peripheral nerve regeneration.

A magnetic bio-based adsorbent prepared from Fe3O4 nanoparticles impregnated with diatom frustules and sodium alginate for methylene blue uptake: advanced modeling and mechanism

ABSTRACT Herein, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) were impregnated with diatom frustules (DF) and sodium alginate (SA) to fabricate a magnetic bio-based adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye. The developed MNPs@DF/SA was characterized by XRD, TGA, DSC, FTIR, FESEM-EDX, TEM, and zeta potential techniques. Methylene blue (MB) adsorption was theoretically assessed at solution pH 8.0, adsorbent mass (50 mg), shaking time (4 h), MB concentration (100–400 mg/L), and different temperatures of 25, 40, and 50°C. A multilayer statistical model was the best in fitting the MB adsorption experiments at all solution temperatures. The number of MB molecules at each functional group (the steric n parameter) was between 1.16–1.33, which suggesting vertical geometry and multi-molecular mechanism. The adsorption capacity at saturation (Q sat) increased from 647.42 to 779.45 mg/g with increasing temperature from 25 to 50°C signifying an endothermic adsorption system. Extending the adsorption energies from 31.90 to 37.47 kJ/mol indicated that the MNPs@DF/SA – MB interactions were controlled by physical forces as electrostatic interactions. The fabricated MNPs@DF/SA reserved more than 79% of MB capture after five regeneration cycles, which recommended the suitability of this adsorbent in the removal of MB at an industrial level.

Synthesis, characterization, and dielectric studies of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

There are many nanoparticle preparation techniques such as the biological approach sol-gel method and physical methods, etc. However, the co-precipitation approach requires few chemical reagents and reaction time as well as produces highly pure products with comparatively lower costs among the available techniques. In present work co-precipitation method is use to synthesize magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles, followed by characterization to check its applicability and the presence of undesired substrate. UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were examined to determine the synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The nanoparticles’ sizes lies between 1 nm to 100 nm, according to the SEM and HR-TEM analyses. XRD measurements verified the crystalline characteristics of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Dielectric spectroscopy of synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticle pellets has been investigated at a wide frequency range 0.1 to 105 Hz. Capacitance and dielectric permittivity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles decrease continuously with frequency as dipole gets less time to orient in the field. The dielectric permittivity of Fe3O4 pellets increases up to 3 mm thickness and subsequently drops, perhaps because a rise in resistance. The electrical conductivity of Fe3O4 rises exponentially with frequency. According to the dielectric studies, the dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity of Fe3O4 are greatly dependent on the thickness and extent of frequency. Additionally, the dielectric impedance of Fe3O4 pellets has also been investigated as a function of frequency.

Comparative time-dependent proteomics reveal the tolerance of cancer cells to magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.

Cancer is one of the most challenging diseases in the world. Recently, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are emerging materials with rapid development and high application value, and have shown great potential on tumor therapy due to their unique magnetic and biocompatible properties. However, some data hint us that IONPs were toxic to normal cells and vital organs. Thus, more data on biosafety evaluation is urgently needed. In this study, we compared the effects of silicon-coated IONPs (Si-IONPs) on two cell types: the tumor cells (Hela) and the normal cells (HEK293T, as 293 T for short), compared differences of protein composition, allocation and physical characteristics between these two cells. The major findings of our study pointed out that 293 T cells death occurred more significant than that of Hela cells after Si-IONPs treatment, and the rate and content of endocytosis of Si-IONPs in 293 T cells was more prominent than in Hela cells. Our results also showed Si-IONPs significant promoted the production of reactive oxygen species and disturbed pathways related to oxidative stress, iron homeostasis, apoptosis and ferroptosis in both two types of cells, however, Hela cells recovered from these disturbances more easily than 293 T. In conclusion, compared with Hela cells, IONPs are more likely to induce 293 T cells death and Hela cells have their own unique mechanisms to defense invaders, reminding scientists that future in vivo and in vitro studies of nanoparticles need to be cautious, and more safety data are needed for further clinical treatment.

Amphoteric β-cyclodextrin coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles: new insights into synthesis and application in MRI

This work presents a group of high-quality hydrophilic and negatively charged coated, iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) that have been prepared using a microwave-ultrasound-assisted protocol, and demonstrates the great impact...

Isolation of B Cells Using Silane‐Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles

One of the most important advantages and applications of coated nanoparticles in biological applications is their use in isolating different types of cells to diagnose and treat all types of diseases. Therefore, in this research work, the possibility of isolation and enrichment of B cells using magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have been investigated. In this regard, magnetic nanoparticles are first coated with (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane to make them hydrophilic and prevent their clumping, then reacted with and rendered biocompatible by FITC anti‐human CD20 antibody. These nanoparticles containing antibodies have been used to isolate B cells from the lymphatic cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating‐sample magnetometry (VSM) tests were used to check the magnetic properties and coating of nanoparticles. The flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy tests are used to check antibody binding to nanoparticles. Moreover, flow cytometry tests were used to check the extent of cell separation. Results show that nanoparticles reacted with 450 μL of antibody (T450) performed better than other nanoparticles in isolating B cells.

State of the art on the magnetic iron oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Functionalization, and applications in wastewater treatment

Water pollution poses significant environmental and health challenges globally due to increasing industrialization and urbanization, which have led to a rise in wastewater discharges containing hazardous pollutants. These pollutants not only degrade aquatic ecosystems but also pose risks to human health. To address these issues, researchers have been exploring various treatment technologies, including adsorption, in which specific pollutants can be removed efficiently and selectively using adsorbents. Magnetic adsorbents, especially magnetite (Fe3O4), have emerged as a promising adsorbent material for water purification. Its high surface area, supermagnetism, and ease of functionalization make it suitable for the adsorption of many contaminants. In this Review, we highlight the recent developments in Fe3O4 nano adsorbents, including synthesis, properties, functionalization strategies, and challenges. The stability of Fe3O4 adsorbents was also discussed. A comparison of Fe3O4-based adsorbents and traditional adsorbents was then addressed. Finally, an outlook on the challenges and opportunities for the future advancement and practical application of these adsorbents is provided. Such an interdisciplinary research field is expected to stimulate further developments in nanoscience and advanced nanotechnology in water treatment.

Porous carbon/Fe3O4 nanocomposite as a new magnetically recoverable catalyst for the preparation of polyhydroquinolines.

A porous carbon/Fe3O4 nanocomposite (PC/Fe3O4 nanocomposite) was prepared through the pyrolysis of peanut shells as biowaste with ferrous ferric oxide to give a new magnetically recoverable catalyst. In the designed nanocomposite, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are properly distributed on the surface and cavities of porous carbon obtained from biomass. Increasing the active surface and magnetic recovery capability results in catalytic synergy, thereby promoting the reaction with an appropriate catalytic effect. The catalytic ability of the porous carbon/Fe3O4 nanocomposite as a nanomagnetically recoverable catalyst was successfully tested for the synthesis of polyhydroquinolines.

Chlorella vulgaris extract conjugated magnetic iron nanoparticles in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Growth promoting, immunostimulant and antioxidant role and combating against the synergistic infection with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Aeromonashydrophila

Nile tilapia reared under intensive conditions was more susceptible for Ichthyophthirius multifilii (I. multifiliis) infection eliciting higher mortality, lower productive rate and further bacterial coinfection with Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila). The higher potency of magnetic field of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) can kill pathogens through inhibiting their viability. Herein, coating of Chlorella vulgaris extract (ChVE) with magnetic iron oxide NPs (Mag iron NPs) can create an external magnetic field that facilitates their release inside the targeted tissues. Thus, the current study is focused on application of new functionalized properties of Mag iron NPs in combination with ChVE and their efficacy to alleviate I. multifiliis and subsequent infection with A. hydrophila in Nile tilapia. Four hundred fingerlings were divided into: control group (with no additives), three groups fed control diet supplemented with ChVE, Mag iron NPs and ChVE@Mag iron NPs for 90 days. At the end of feeding trial fish were challenged with I. multifiliis and at 9 days post challenge was coinfected by A. hydrophila. A remarkable higher growth rate and an improved feed conversion ratio were detected in group fed ChVE@Mag iron-NPs. The maximum expression of antioxidant enzymes in skin and gills tissues (GSH-Px, CAT, and SOD) which came in parallel with higher serum activities of these enzymes was identified in groups received ChVE@Mag iron-NPs. Furthermore, group fed a combination of ChVE and Mag iron-NPs showed a boosted immune response (higher lysozyme, IgM, ACH50, and MPO) prior to challenge with I. multifiliis. In contrast, fish fed ChVE@Mag iron-NPs supplemented diet had lower infection (decreased by 62%) and mortality rates (decreased by 84%), as well as less visible white spots (decreased by 92 % at 12 dpi) on the body surfaces and mucous score. Interestingly, post I. multifiliis the excessive inflammatory response in gill and skin tissues was subsided by feeding on ChVE@Mag iron-NPs as proved by down regulation of IL-1β, TNFα, COX-2 and iNOS and upregulation of IL-10, and IgM, IgT and Muc-2 genes. Notably, group exposed to I. multifiliis-showed higher mortality when exposed to Aeromonas hydrophilia (increased by 43 %) while group fed ChVE@Mag iron-NPs exhibited lower morality (2%). Moreover, the bacterial loads of A. hydrophilia in fish infected by I. multifiliis and fed control diet were higher than those received dietary supplement of ChVE, Mag iron-NPs and the most reduced load was obtained in group fed ChVE@Mag iron-NPs at 7 dpi. In conclusion, ChVE@Mag iron-NPs fed fish had stronger immune barrier and antioxidant functions of skin and gills, and better survival following I. multifiliis and A. hydrophilia infection.

Fenton-mediated thermocatalytic conversion of CO2 to acetic acid by industrial waste-derived magnetite nanoparticles.

Iron oxide dust, discarded as industrial waste, has been used here to fabricate magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs). We have proposed the thermo-catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) using Fe3O4-NPs in the presence of H2O2 to get acetic acid (AcOH) at near ambient conditions (100 °C, 10 bar) with a maximum yield of ∼0.4 M in a batch-reactor. The importance of H2O2 can be described as it facilitates the production of higher concentrations of OH˙ and H+/˙, which consequently supports the synthesis of AcOH.

Insights into the time-course cellular effects triggered by iron oxide nanoparticles by combining proteomics with the traditional pharmacology strategy.

In recent years, a number of initially approved magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP)-based nano-medicines have been withdrawn due to the obscure nano-bio effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study the cellular effects triggered by IONPs on cells. In this study, we investigate the time-course cellular effects on the response of RAW 264.7 cells caused by Si-IONPs via pharmacological and mass spectrometry-based proteomics techniques. Our results revealed that Si-IONPs were internalized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis within 1 hour, and gradually degraded in endolysosomes over time, which might influence autophagy, oxidative stress, innate immune response, and inflammatory response after 12 hours. Our research provides a necessary assessment of Si-IONPs for further clinical treatment.

Magnetically recyclable adsorption of anionic pollutants from wastewater using 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid-functionalized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

Simple one-step synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4@PABA nanoadsorbents for magnetically recyclable adsorption of anionic azo dye pollutants from wastewater.

A facile and scalable fabrication method of scrolled graphene/boron nitride-based van der Waals superlattice heterostructure materials for highly stable supercapacitor electrode application.

Due to the increasing demand for the development of efficient renewable energy supply systems to reduce the mismatch between energy demand and utilization, supercapacitors have attracted increasing attention in the energy industry. However, the development of energy storage electrode materials to be applied at the industrial level is still challenging due to the unsatisfactory durability and scalable production issues. This study suggested a facile and scalable one-pot fabrication method of using graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (G/BN)-based one-dimensional (1D) van der Waals superlattice heterostructures (vdWSLs) as highly stable electrode materials to enhance the energy storage performance by improving the mesopore volume content, specific surface area, electrical properties, and interfacial interaction between the stacked G/BN layers. The G/BN-based vdWSLs were fabricated by a simple scrolling process through the electromagnetic interaction between the attached magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) on the surface of a G/BN vdW heterostructure (vdWH) and the applied magnetic field. The investigation results demonstrate that the changed morphology of the fabricated G/Fe/BN(NS) strongly affects the fine pore distribution, electrochemical performance, and electrical properties. Consequently, as a synergistic effect of an increased mesopore volume content, specific surface area, and C-B-N heterojunction interfacial area, the fabricated G/Fe/BN(NS) electrode showed a 100% enhancement of specific capacitance (207 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1) and almost 7 times enhancement of electrical conductivity (800 S cm-1) with a nearly 2.3 times increase of carrier mobility (716 cm2 V-1 s-1) compared to that of the G/Fe/BN electrode. Furthermore, it exhibited outstanding long-term cycling stability with almost 119% capacitance retention even after 100 000 charge-discharge cycles. These results suggest that G/Fe/BN(NS) has tremendous potential as an electrode to fabricate high-performance supercapacitors with excellent cycling stability.

Ammonium release in synthetic and human urine by a urease immobilized nanoconstruct.

In this work, we have studied the ability of urease immobilized on glutaraldehyde crosslinked chitosan coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Urease/GA/CS/MIONPs), for the hitherto unreported comparative hydrolysis of urea in synthetic (SUr) and real human urine (HUr). The prepared Urease/GA/CS/MIONPs were characterized by a combination of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission-scanning-electron-microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The nanoconstructs display the highest ammonium ion liberation post-urea hydrolysis in 1/20 or 1/24-fold dilutions of SUr and HUr, respectively. The optimum activity of immobilized urease is observed at pH 7, and the nanoconstructs facilitate efficient urea-hydrolysis till at least 45 °C. Kinetic analysis of the immobilized urease shows km and vmax of 14.81 mM, 12.36 mM, and 18.55 μM min-1 and 10.10 μM min-1, towards SUr and HUr, respectively. The magnetization of the immobilized urease is suitable for reuse across multiple cycles of urea hydrolysis in SUr and HUr. The robust performance of Urease/GA/CS/MIONPs in SUr and HUr is promising for generating ammonium as a useable source of nitrogen from human urine, and underscores the suitability of SUr as a urine mimic for such interventions.

Glucose Functionalized Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Protein Detection and Separation

Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) are considered to be emergent nanoparticles for magnetic separation and MRI imaging probes. Here, glucose-functionalized iron oxide (γ-Fe2O3) magnetic nanoparticles have been prepared for specific protein detection and separation. First, hydrophobic iron oxide (γ-Fe2O3) was synthesized by standard organometallic approaches, and the same has been converted to soluble, colloidally stable, hydrophilic primary amine (-NH2)-PEG terminated iron oxide (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles using reverse micelle based robust polyacrylate coating chemistry. Then, glucose was covalently linked to this amine (-NH2)-PEG terminated iron oxide (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles by using glutaraldehyde-based coupling chemistry. Finally, glucose-functionalized iron oxide (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles have been used for specific detection and separation of a glycoprotein, Concanavalin-A.

Citrate coated iron oxide nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, and performance in protein adsorption

<p>Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are extensively utilized in biomedicine as part of controlled drug release systems, hyperthermia, and magnetic resonance imaging. Surface modification of MNPs not only enhances their stability and biocompatibility but also increases affinity with certain molecules, allowing them to be used in protein separation and adsorption processes. This article reports the synthesis and characterization of iron oxide MNPs functionalized with citric acid (IONPs@CA) to evaluate their performance in protein adsorption. The nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The percentage of lysozyme (Lyz) adsorbed by IONPs@CA was 84.9%, while the IONPs sample only adsorbed 5.9%. In silico evaluation results showed some repulsion bonds obtained in Lyz-IONPs and hydrogen bonds, carbon-hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals interactions in Lyz-IONPs@CA. These results may be novel since no previous research was found specifying this type of interaction between lysozyme and IONPs and/or IONPs@CA. The maximum adsorption efficiency obtained for the coated nanoparticles was 88.3%.</p>

Perturbation of hyperthermia resistance in gastric cancer by hyperstimulation of autophagy using artemisinin-protected iron-oxide nanoparticles.

In a bid to overcome hyperthermia resistance, a major obstacle in cancer treatment, this study explores manipulating autophagy, a cellular recycling mechanism, within the context of gastric cancer. We designed artemisinin-protected magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (ART-MNPs) to hyperactivate autophagy, potentially sensitizing cancer cells to hyperthermia. The synthesized ART-MNPs exhibited magnetic properties and the capability of raising the temperature by 7 °C at 580.3 kHz. Importantly, ART-MNPs displayed significant cytotoxicity against human gastric cancer cells (AGS), with an IC50 value of 1.9 μg mL-1, demonstrating synergistic effects compared to either MNPs or ART treatment alone (IC50 for MNPs is 9.7 μg mL-1 and for ART is 9.4 μg mL-1 respectively). Combination index studies further supported this synergy. Mechanistic analysis revealed a significant increase in autophagy level (13.58- and 15.08-fold increase compared to artemisinin and MNPs, respectively) upon ART-MNP treatment, suggesting that this hyperactivation is responsible for hyperthermia sensitization and minimized resistance (as evidenced by changes in viability compared to control under hyperthermic conditions). This work offers a promising strategy to modulate autophagy and overcome hyperthermia resistance, paving the way for developing hyperthermia as a standalone therapy for gastric cancer.