Magnetic Compound Fluid Research Articles

Enhancement of Diversity in Production and Applications Utilizing Electrolytically Polymerized Rubber Sensors with MCF: The Second Report on Various Engineering Applications.

We investigated the proposed hybrid skin (H-Skin) for the requirement of haptic sensibility in rubber using our proposed consummate fabrication process together with a multi-layered magnetic compound fluid (MCF) rubber and stocking-like porous rubber permeated by liquids, which was demonstrated in our previous report. The objective was to assess its applicability to sensing normal force and temperature, as well as fields dominated by shear force. For normal force, we investigated the piezo-electricity and electric current induced voltage, as well as the piezo-resistivity of the MCF rubber sensor under pressure. Additionally, we clarified the viability of measuring the softness and texture of materials using the MCF rubber sensor. For the shear motion, we clarified the characteristics of the friction coefficient using the MCF rubber sensor. The MCF rubber sensor can capture the reactions of paper, cloth, convex- and concave-shaped objects such as plant leaves and metal, and the skin of the human finger. Therefore, it is useful to investigate its texture and biological surfaces. Our obtained outstanding results indicated the feasibility of sensing the surface texture for any material in fields such as paper, fashion, apparel manufacturing, and cosmetic industries, which was impossible until now.

Effect of the components of Magnetic Compound Fluid (MCF) slurry on polishing characteristics in aspheric-surface finishing with the doughnut-shaped MCF tool

For the aspheric optical surface finished with a doughnut-shaped MCF (magnetic compound fluid) polishing tool, the performance of the polishing tool depends mainly on the properties of the MCF slurry. Therefore, understanding the effect of each MCF slurry component on the polishing characteristics is crucial to developing novel polishing techniques. In this paper, the polishing principle was depicted and the corresponding polishing jig was constructed with a six-degree-of-freedom manipulator. The conical surfaces, which were considered as special aspheric surfaces, were experimentally polished under proper polishing conditions to examine the effects of the carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) concentration and the sizes of the abrasive particles (APs) on the polishing ability to remove material/tool marks and improve work surface qualities. Theoretical analyses were also performed to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the behaviors of CIPs and APs in the magnetic field. The results were shown as follows: (1) The CIPs concentration affected positively the magnetization of the MCF slurry, leading to better performance in the removal rate of material/tool marks when a higher CIPs concentration of was applied. The best surface quality was attained with a CIPs concentration of 45 wt%. (2) Larger APs were beneficial for obtaining higher removal rates of material/tool marks. The APs with 1 μm in diameter were preferred for achieving a better surface quality. (3) Ferric clusters were formed along the magnetic line of force and their orientations changed periodically to stir the APs with the magnet revolution. (4) The Aps, at a given working gap, can squeeze the work-surface. The squeezing action was much more intense when larger APs and the MCF slurry with a higher magnetization were employed. (5) The material removal model suggested that the material was removed due to the APs and the relative motion between the work-surface and APs.

<i>γ</i>-Ray Irradiation Effect on MCF Rubber Solar Cells with both Photovoltaics and Sensing Involving Semiconductors Fabricated under Magnetic and Electric Fields

For cases in which a robot with installed solar cells and a sensor operates in a nuclear reactor building or in space for extravehicular activity, we require elastic and extensible solar cells. More than two different types of sensing are also required, minimally with photovoltaics and built-in electricity. Magnetic compound fluid (MCF) rubber solar cells are made of rubber, so they are elastic and extensible as well as sensitive. To achieve flexibility and an effective photovoltaic effect, MCF rubber solar cells must include both soluble and insoluble rubbers, Fe3O4, TiO2, Na2WO4∙2H2O, etc. On the basis of this constitution, we propose a consummate fabrication process for MCF rubber solar cells. The characteristics of these cells result from the semiconductor-like role of the molecules of TiO2, Fe3O4, Ni, Na2WO4∙2H2O, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), natural rubber (NR), oleic acid, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), water and magnetic cluster involved in the MCF rubber. Their tendencies can be deduced by synthesizing knowledge about the enhancement of the reverse-bias saturation current IS and the diode ideality factor N, with conventional knowledge about the semiconductor affected by γ-irradiation and the attenuation of the photon energy of γ-rays.

Experimental study on the polishing of aspheric surfaces on an S-136 mould steel using magnetic compound fluid slurries

S-136 (STAVAX ESR) as a mould material has been extensively used in the optical lens manufacturing industry. In this study, the aspheric surface made of S-136 fixed by a six-degree of freedom (DOF) manipulator was polished using magnetic compound fluid (MCF) slurry. The effects of experimental parameters included rotational speed of workpiece and MCF slurry composition on surface roughness Ra and shape retention were investigated. The results demonstrated that the cutting marks on the initial surface reduced obviously under the given experimental parameters. Therefore, the smoothest surface with Ra 20 nm was obtained with MCF3 containing micro-sized Fe3O4 particles with lower saturation magnetisation at nw = 1,000 rpm. The material removes uniformly during the polishing process and the Pearson correlation coefficient (Pcc) of the aspheric surface was kept above 0.994. The MCF slurry polishing was demonstrated as a potential method to smooth the S-136 aspheric surface.

Characteristics of polishing using magnetic compound fluid while simultaneously applying magnetic and electrical fields

Characteristics of polishing using magnetic compound fluid while simultaneously applying magnetic and electrical fields

Experimental study on the polishing of aspheric surfaces on an S-136 mould steel using magnetic compound fluid slurries

Experimental study on the polishing of aspheric surfaces on an S-136 mould steel using magnetic compound fluid slurries

Fundamental Study on Application of Sensing Technique Using Magnetic Compound Fluid Rubber to Nuclear Field

Fundamental Study on Application of Sensing Technique Using Magnetic Compound Fluid Rubber to Nuclear Field

Effects of magnetic and electrical fields on surface polishing utilizing magnetic compound fluid

Effects of magnetic and electrical fields on surface polishing utilizing magnetic compound fluid

Estimation of Energy Savings When Adopting Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Magnetic Compound Fluid Polishing

Reducing energy use is a major consideration in green manufacturing. Ultrasonic vibration has the advantage of improving machining performance. This work presents an experimental investigation on magnetic compound fluid (MCF) polishing with and without ultrasonic vibration and estimates reductions in polishing energy consumption and surface roughness due to ultrasonic vibration during the machining process. A series of ultrasonic vibration-assisted MCF polishing (UVAMP) tests was carried out for brass H62, and the normal and tangential polishing forces, surface roughness and material removal rate of the traditional MCF polishing (MP) and UVAMP of brass were investigated for various machining parameters. The polishing energy consumptions during traditional MCF polishing and UVAMP were calculated and analyzed from the perspective of the energy of the polishing process. Results indicate that the use of UVAMP considerably reduces energy consumption and surface roughness during the polishing of brass. The adoption of UVAMP therefore has the potential to improve the efficiency and quality of polishing processes and offers a practical solution for the greener manufacturing of brass.

Effects of Water Supply Using Ultrasonic Atomization on the Working Life of MCF Slurry in MCF Polishing

The magnetic compound fluid (MCF) polishing process is a precision finishing method that has been applied to a large variety of materials, from soft optical polymers to hard ceramics. The purpose of this study is to extend the working life of MCF slurry. In this paper, we focus on the drying phenomenon of MCF slurry during polishing, and we develop a new water supply system that uses an ultrasonic atomization mechanism. This system can moisturize the MCF polishing area locally. Polishing experiments involving supplying water to MCF slurry are carried out, and extending the working life of MCF slurry is discussed.

Investigation on the polishing of aspheric surfaces with a doughnut-shaped magnetic compound fluid (MCF) tool using an industrial robot

Aspheric elements have become essential optical surfaces for modifying optical systems due to their abilities to enhance the imaging quality. In this work, a novel method employing a doughnut-shaped magnetic compound fluid (MCF) polishing tool, and an industrial robot was proposed for polishing aspheric surfaces. Firstly, investigations on the MCF tool, including the formation process and geometry, were conducted to form an appropriate polishing tool. The distribution of abrasive particles was observed using SEM and EDX mapping. Thereafter, a conic workpiece constructed from 6061-aluminum alloy was selected as the workpiece, which was used to discover the effects of the parameters on the polishing ability of aspheric surfaces. Finally, a polishing experiment was conducted with an aspheric element under the optimized conditions. The obtained results are shown as follows. (1) A relatively regular MCF tool was obtained when the eccentricity (r), amount of MCF slurry supplied (V), revolution speed of the MCF carrier and magnet (nc and nm, respectively) were given at appropriate values. (2) Abrasive particles entrapped in or attached to the clusters were observed abundantly on the MCF tool sample. (3) The surface profile of the conic workpiece after 60 min of polishing indicated that material was removed evenly, and an annular polishing area was attained. Meanwhile, a higher material removal rate and better surface roughness were achieved with a smaller working gap (h) and larger volume of the MCF slurry supplied (V). (4) The roughness (Ra) of the aspheric surface decreased from 49.81 to 10.77 nm after 60 min of polishing. The shape retention obtained a Pearson correlation coefficient (Pcc) of 0.9981, which demonstrated that this novel method is appropriate for polishing aspheric elements.

Development of a Magnetic Compound Fluid Rubber Stability Sensor and a Novel Production Technique via Combination of Natural, Chloroprene and Silicone Rubbers.

Expanding on our previous report, we investigate the stability of a magnetic compound fluid (MCF) rubber sensor that was developed for a variety of engineering applications. To stabilize this sensor, we proposed a novel combination technique that facilitates the addition of dimethylpolysiloxane (PDMS) to natural rubber (NR)-latex or chloroprene rubber (CR)-latex using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) by experimentally and theoretically investigating issues related to instability. This technique is one of several other novel combinations of diene and non-diene rubbers. Silicone oil or rubber with PDMS can be combined with NR-latex and CR-latex because of PVA’s emulsion polymerization behavior. In addition, owing to electrolytic polymerization based on the combination of PDMS and PVA, MCF rubber is highly porous and can be infiltrated in any liquid. Hence, the fabrication of novel intelligent rubbers using any intelligent fluid is feasible. By assembling infiltrated MCF rubber sheets and by conducting electrolytic polymerization of MCF rubber liquid with a hydrate using the adhesive technique as presented in a previous paper, it is possible to stabilize the MCF rubber sensor. This sensor is resistant to cold or hot water as well as γ-irradiation as shown in the previous report.

Effect of Magnetic Field and Aggregation on Electrical Characteristics of Magnetically Responsive Suspensions for Novel Hybrid Liquid Capacitor

Magnetically responsive fluid based on polymers of natural rubber (NR-latex) involves a magnetic compound fluid (MCF) rubber liquid. For a wide range of engineering applications of suspensions or liquids with particles, their electrical characteristics of fluidic suspensions are investigated to obtain useful results that might be important in the study of devices, such as fluidic sensors and capacitors. The author of the present paper proposes that MCF rubber liquid can be produced by combining MCF and rubber latex. The influence of the aggregation of magnetic particles and rubber molecules on electrical characteristics under a magnetic field was investigated by measuring electrical properties under an applied voltage. The electrical characteristics change with a linear or a nonlinear response, based on conditions of particle aggregation. The capacity of the electric charge also changes with the conditions of particle aggregation. These results show that MCF rubber liquid is a novel hybrid capacitor.

Novel Adhesion Technique Using Metallic or Non-Metallic Hydrous Oxide of Metal Complexes Involving Magnetic Compound Fluid Rubber under Electrolytic Polymerization and Magnetic Field for Producing Sensors.

As per sequential studies on new types of soft rubber for the artificial skin of robots, smart sensors, etc., we have proposed and investigated hybrid skin (H-Skin) and haptic sensors by using magnetic compound fluid (MCF), compounding natural rubber latex (NR-latex), and applying electric and magnetic fields. Through electrolytic polymerization, the MCF rubber is solidified. The MCF rubber has hybrid sensing functions and photovoltaic effects, and electric charge as battery. In case of the production of soft rubber sensors, however, the problem of adhesion between metal electrodes and rubber is very important. In the present study, we propose a novel adhesive technique for bonding the metal electrodes and MCF rubber by using metallic or non-metallic hydrous oxide, which is a metal complex, via electrolytic polymerization. The anionic radical hydrate reacts with the isoprene molecules of NR-latex or chloroprene rubber latex (CR-latex) such that they are cross-linked and the MCF rubber with the hydrate is solidified, which can be represented via a chemical reaction equation. By means of this adhesive technique, we presented five cases of sensors fabricated using metal electrodes and rubbers. This technique is applicable for novel cohesion between rubber and metal.

Polishing investigation on zirconia ceramics using magnetic compound fluid slurry

Zirconia ceramics have wide applications in the fields of aerospace, defence industry, new energy, automotive, electronics and biomedical. However, scratches, micro-cracks and sub-damage are inevitable by using conventional methods. The magnetic-assisted polishing with MCF slurry is considered as a friendly polishing method which can not only achieve smooth surface but also reduce the defects. However, the investigations on the high precision polishing of zirconia ceramics by using the MCF slurry were not conducted so far. In this work, the polishing method by using magnetic compound fluid (MCF) slurry under the rotary magnetic field was proposed for the zirconia ceramics polishing. The principle and the constructed experimental setup were presented at first. Then, the spot polishing was conducted. Finally, the effect of parameters on the finishing of work surface was investigated. Experimental results showed that zirconia ceramics workpiece could be smoothed effectively with the optimised polishing conditions.

Polishing investigation on zirconia ceramics using magnetic compound fluid slurry

Zirconia ceramics have wide applications in the fields of aerospace, defence industry, new energy, automotive, electronics and biomedical. However, scratches, micro-cracks and sub-damage are inevitable by using conventional methods. The magnetic-assisted polishing with MCF slurry is considered as a friendly polishing method which can not only achieve smooth surface but also reduce the defects. However, the investigations on the high precision polishing of zirconia ceramics by using the MCF slurry were not conducted so far. In this work, the polishing method by using magnetic compound fluid (MCF) slurry under the rotary magnetic field was proposed for the zirconia ceramics polishing. The principle and the constructed experimental setup were presented at first. Then, the spot polishing was conducted. Finally, the effect of parameters on the finishing of work surface was investigated. Experimental results showed that zirconia ceramics workpiece could be smoothed effectively with the optimised polishing conditions.

Development of Magnetic Compound Fluid Rubber Sensor for Practical Usage on γ-Irradiation and Energy Harvesting for Broad-Band Electromagnetic Waves

We have performed sequential studies on new types of soft rubber for their application as artificial skin in robots and haptic sensors. Based on a proposed electrolytic polymerization method and novel adhesion technique for rubber and a metal that utilizes a metal complex hydrate, we have developed an MCF rubber sensor. This sensor uses a magnetic compound fluid (MCF), natural rubber (NR-latex) or chloroprene rubber latex (CR-latex), and requires the application of a magnetic field. The potential application of the developed sensor in various engineering scenarios and our daily lives is significant. In this regard, we investigated the effects of γ-irradiation, infrared radiation, microwaves, and a thermal source on the MCF rubber sensor. We established that the MCF rubber is effective enough to be used for power generation of broadband electro-magnetic waves from γ-rays to microwaves, including the range of the solar spectrum, which is the typical characteristic obtained in the present investigation. The remarkable attribute is that the MCF rubber sensor dose is not degraded by γ-irradiation. We also demonstrated the effectiveness of the MCF rubber sensor in energy harvesting.

Development of polishing technology for micro inner wall using Magnetic Compound Fluid (MCF)

Development of polishing technology for micro inner wall using Magnetic Compound Fluid (MCF)

Surface properties and shape characteristic of cylinder inner surface processing utilizing magnetic compound fluid

Surface properties and shape characteristic of cylinder inner surface processing utilizing magnetic compound fluid

磁性复合流体分散性及其对BK7光学玻璃抛光性能的影响

磁性复合流体分散性及其对BK7光学玻璃抛光性能的影响