Magnetic Chitosan Nanocomposite Research Articles

Bifunctional of Fe3O4@chitosan nanocomposite as a clarifying agent and cationic flocculant on different sugar solutions as a comprehensive semi industrial application

In the sugar industry, eliminating side impurities throughout the manufacturing process is the most significant obstacle to clarifying sugar solutions. Herein, magnetic chitosan (MCS) nanocomposite was Fabricated to be used as a biodegradable, environmentally friendly clarifying agent throughout the cane juice and sugar refining processes. Fe3O4 was synthesized using the coprecipitation procedure, and then MCS was combined using a cross-linking agent. Furthermore, 14.76 emu g−1 was the maximum saturation magnetization (Ms) value. Because MCS is magnetically saturated, it may be possible to employ an external magnetic field to separate the contaminant deposited on its surface. Additionally, zeta potential analysis showed outstanding findings for MCS with a maximum value of (+) 20.7 mV, with improvement in color removal % up to 44.8% using MCS with more than 24% in color removal % compared to the traditional clarification process. Moreover, utilizing MCS reduced turbidity from 167 to 1 IU. Overall, we determined that MCS nanocomposite exhibits considerable effectiveness in the clarifying process for different sugar solutions, performing as an eco-friendly bio-sorbent and flocculating material.

Folic acid conjugated poly (Amidoamine) dendrimer grafted magnetic chitosan as a smart drug delivery platform for doxorubicin: In-vitro drug release and cytotoxicity studies

This study reports the development of a magnetic and pH-responsive nanocarrier for targeted delivery and controlled release of doxorubicin (DOX). A multifunctional magnetic chitosan nanocomposite (FA–PAMAMG2–MCS) was fabricated by grafting poly(amidoamine) dendrimer and folic acid onto the MCS surface for active targeting. DOX was loaded into this core-shell bio-nanocomposite via adsorption. Structural and morphological characterization of the prepared nanomaterials was performed using XRD, FT-IR, VSM, TGA, BET, FE-SEM/EDX, and TEM techniques. Adsorption capacity of the FA–PAMAMG2–MCS was optimized by changing diverse parameters, such as pH, initial drug concentration, temperature, contact time, and adsorbent dosage. The maximum adsorption capacity for DOX was 102.85 mg g−1 at 298 K. The in-vitro drug release curve at pHs 5.6 and 7.4 manifested a faster drug release from the prepared nanocarrier in acidic environments and, conversely, a slower release in neutral environments over 48 h. The release kinetics followed Peppas-Sahlin models, showing non-Fickian behavior. Moreover, the in-vitro cytotoxicity studies against the human breast cancer (MDA-MB 231) cell line demonstrated the remarkable anticancer activity of the DOX@FA–PAMAMG2–MCS and declared its potency for nanomedicine applications. This multifunctional system could overcome limitations of conventional chemotherapeutic agents through pH-triggered drug release, enabling targeted cytotoxicity against cancer cells.

Effective adsorption of Congo red by eco-friendly granite-modified magnetic chitosan nanocomposite (G@Fe3O4@CS)

Effective adsorption of Congo red by eco-friendly granite-modified magnetic chitosan nanocomposite (G@Fe3O4@CS)

A Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based on an Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of Magnetic Chitosan Nanocomposite Carbon Paste Electrode for the Determination of Diclofenac to Control Inflammation.

A simple and eco-friendly electrochemical sensor for the anti-inflammatory diclofenac (DIC) was developed in a chitosan nanocomposite carbon paste electrode (M-Chs NC/CPE). The M-Chs NC/CPE was characterized with FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM for the size, surface area, and morphology. The produced electrode showed a high electrocatalytic activity to use the DIC in 0.1 M of the BR buffer (pH 3.0). The effect of scanning speed and pH on the DIC oxidation peak suggests that the DIC electrode process has a typical diffusion characteristic with two electrons and two protons. Furthermore, the peak current linearly proportional to the DIC concentration ranged from 0.025 M to 4.0 M with the correlation coefficient (r2). The sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD; 3σ), and the limit of quantification (LOQ; 10σ) were 0.993, 9.6 µA/µM cm2, 0.007 µM, and 0.024 µM, respectively. In the end, the proposed sensor enables the reliable and sensitive detection of DIC in biological and pharmaceutical samples.

Application of magnetic chitosan nanocomposites modified by graphene oxide and polyethyleneimine for removal of toxic heavy metals and dyes from water

A new type of magnetic chitosan nanocomposites modified with graphene oxide and polyethyleneimine (MCS/GO-PEI) was synthesized, which was used as an adsorbent to remove the toxic heavy metals of As and Hg as well as anionic azo dyes of congo red and amaranth in environmental water. In this experiment, MCS/GO-PEI was first synthesized and the structure and morphology characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adsorption performance of the material for four analytes was investigated through adsorption experiments. The kinetic and isothermal results showed that the adsorption process was well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm model. Besides, the important parameter pH in the adsorption process was investigated and optimized. The maximum adsorption capacities of the nanocomposites for arsenic, mercury ions, congo red, amaranth were 220.26, 124.84, 162.07, 93.81 mg g−1 under optimum adsorption conditions, respectively. The adsorption-desorption showed that the adsorbents were presented adequate reusability. The as-prepared MCS/GO-PEI nanocomposite could serve as promising adsorbent for arsenic, mercury, congo red and amaranth in environmental water samples treatment technology.

Synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanocomposite for in vitro evaluation of irinotecan using human cell lines.

In this study, magnetic O-carboxymethyl chitosan (MOCC) nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized as a drug delivery system for loading the anticancer drug irinotecan (CPT-11). To increase the drug loading capacity, MOCC was synthesized by linking the carboxyl group functionally to chitosan. Also, several critical factors such as concentration, the dose of MOCC, and contact time for optimum drug loading condition were investigated. The loading capacity of CPT-11 onto MOCC was calculated as 5.6 mg/g, and the loaded drug concentration was calculated as 0.04787 mM at pH value of 5. Besides, the cytotoxic properties of MOCC, CPT- 11 loaded MOCC (MOCC-CPT-11), and free CPT-11 were studied on glioblastoma multiforme cell lines, including U87 and U373. According to the results, the MOCC-CPT-11 showed at least as toxic effect as free CPT-11 even at very low concentrations, while the MOCC showed slight toxicity (cell viability of 96% to 78%) on U373 cell lines at all concentrations and for 24 h and 48 h incubation times. Moreover, the results showed that the MOCC indicated significant toxicity in increasing concentrations and incubation times, and the MOCC-CPT-11 is as toxic as free CPT-11 on U87 cells at all concentrations and incubation times.

Efficient removal of Cu(II) from water solution using magnetic chitosan nanocomposite

Efficient removal of Cu(II) from water solution using magnetic chitosan nanocomposite

Functionalized aminophosphonate chitosan-magnetic nanocomposites for Cd(II) removal from aqueous solutions: Performance and mechanisms of sorption

Functionalized magnetic nanocomposites have recently retained a great attention for metal recovery from aqueous solutions. In this work, two magnetic-chitosan nanocomposites are synthesized by grafting α-aminophosphonate functions (i.e., methyl- and phenyl-aminophosphonate, Me-MCS and Ph-MCS, respectively) using a facile two-steps process. The physicochemical properties of these nanocomposites are characterized including nano-structure characterization (TEM), magnetic properties (VSM), crystallinity (XRD), and chemical characterization (elemental CHNP analysis, FTIR, XPS and TGA). FTIR and XPS analyses confirm the contribution of amine and phosphonic groups in the binding of cadmium ions. These materials are extensively investigated for Cd(II) removal: maximum sorption capacities reach 118.1 mg g−1 for Me-MCS and 193.5 mg g−1 for Ph-MCS, at the optimum pH (in the range pH 6–7); and the sorption isotherms are fitted by the Langmuir model. Small-size particles allow achieving fast uptake (within 2 h of contact); and kinetic profiles are appropriately modeled by the PSORE (pseudo-second order rate equation) and the Crank equation (for resistance to intraparticle diffusion). Cadmium sorption is exothermic. The metal is efficiently desorbed using 0.5 M acidified thiourea solution and the sorbent can be recycled for a minimum of five cycles (loss in sorption and desorption performances around 20% at the fifth cycle). In multi-component solutions the two sorbents show some differences in selectivity profiles, which can be roughly correlated with the hard/soft characteristics of reactive groups and the softness properties of heavy metal ions. The sorbents are successfully used for Cd(II) removal from a water sample obtained from Al-Burullus Lake (Kafr-El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt).

Functionalization of Magnetic-Chitosan Nanocomposite for Enhancing Th(IV) Ions Sorption.

Designing new chelating sorbents for the sorption of thorium as (Th4+) has become an impending challenge. This study describes a simple one-pot in situ co-precipitation method was used to synthesize a multifunctional magnetic-chitosan nanocomposite core-shell for enhanced Th4+ ions sorption from aqueous solutions. The synthesized biosorbent was well characterized by various techniques such as FTIR, XRD, pHzpc, TEM, VSM and elemental analysis. The sorption behavior of magnetic-chitosan nanocomposite (R-I) is systematically compared to the performance of functionalized magnetic-chitosan nanocomposite (R-II). The magnetic nanocomposites sizes around 25.0 nm. The grafting of methylene phosphonic groups on chitosan increased Th4+ sorption efficiency. Maximum sorption capacities reach 89.7 and 142.3 mg Th g−1 for R-I, and R-II sorbents, respectively at pH 3.5. Kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamic behaviors of Th4+ ions sorption into the synthesized nanocomposite from an aqueous solution were studied in detail. The studies showed that the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order model gave a better description for the sorption process. The sorption is spontaneous, endothermic and controlled by entropic change. EDTA solutions (0.25 M) can be efficiently used for metal recovery and sorbent can be recycled for at least 5 cycles without significant loss in sorption/desorption performances.

Increase of chitosan selectivity and affinity toward the cadmium ions using xanthate functionalization: Application for cadmium removal from saline solutions

A Xanthate functionalized magnetic chitosan nanocomposite (XFMCN) was used for Cd(II) adsorption from high salinity water samples. The Xanthate functionalization was confirmed using the CHNS analysis, showing the sulfur content of 2.28 % in the composition of the nanocomposite. BET surface area of 44.79 m2 g−1 was obtained for XFMCN. The functionalization process resulted in a decrease in University of Tehran isotherm model (UT) constant from 6.73 to 1.80 × 10-3, showing an increased affinity toward cadmium adsorption. The impacts of contact time, the initial concentration of cadmium, adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature, and interfering ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, SO₄2−, CO₃2−, NO₃− were investigated. The highest performance was at a contact time of 60 min and initial pH 7. The xanthate functionalization enhanced the selectivity of the adsorbent. Freundlich, Redlich Peterson, University of Tehran (UT), and Radke-Prausnitzi isotherm models described the equilibrium data well, confirming multilayer adsorption. The maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity was 55 mg g-1. Intraparticle diffusion and second-order models were suitable for describing the experimental data. Thermodynamics results showed an exothermic and spontaneous process. The adsorbed cadmium ion could easily be desorbed using hydrochloric acid 0.1 mol L−1. The recovery was studied up to five cycles, exhibiting a slight decrease in the adsorbent performance.

Development of A Novel System Based on Green Magnetic / Graphene Oxide / Chitosan /Allium Sativum / Quercus / Nanocomposite for Targeted Release of Doxorubicin Anti-Cancer Drug.

Doxorubicin, as a strong anti-cancer agent for clinical treatment of various cancer types along with other drugs, is widely utilized. Due to the physiology of the human body and cancerous tissues, the applicability of doxorubicin is still limited and the targeted treatment of the different types of cancers is considered. Also, the side effects of the conventional forms of chemotherapy medicines, damaging and stressing the normal cells are considerable. This study introduces a novel and effective system for the targeted release of doxorubicin by successfully fabricating the green magnetic graphene oxide, chitosan, allium sativum, and quercus nanocomposite. The in vitro release of doxorubicin loaded on the nanocomposite was evaluated and investigated at pH 7.4 and 6.5, respectively. The drug diffusivity in the plasma environment was assessed for a more accurate analysis of the drug diffusion process. The nanocomposite loaded drug release mechanism and kinetics, as well as cytotoxicity assay was investigated. The efficiency of the drug encapsulation was significantly enhanced using natural extract ingredients and consequently, the efficacy of the targeted treatment of cancerous tissues was improved. The developed nanocomposite provided a controlled release of doxorubicin in similar acidic conditions of the normal and cancerous cells and affirming that the fabricated system is thoroughly pH-dependent. The cytotoxicity assay confirmed that the fabricated nanocomposite at a high growth rate of cancerous cells has an anticancer property and acts as a toxic agent against tumor cells, suggesting that in conjunction with doxorubicin, it can be highly improved for killing cancerous cells.

Effective adsorptive removal of reactive dyes by magnetic chitosan nanoparticles: Kinetic, isothermal studies and response surface methodology

In the present study, magnetic chitosan (MC) was synthesized, characterized, and used as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Reactive Red 141 (RR-141) and Reactive Yellow 14 (RY-14) dyes. Synthesized magnetic chitosan nanoparticles were used for characterization with the help of scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The effect of the pH, concentration of pollutants, and adsorbent dosage on the amount of adsorption was studied. Under optimum conditions, the removal rate of RR-141 and RY-14 was 99.5 and 92.7%, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities were obtained 98.8 and 89.7 mg/g for the RR141 and RY-14, respectively. The results from isotherm models showed that the adsorption of dyes on magnetic chitosan nanocomposite correlated well with Freundlich model, whereas the kinetics studies revealed that the adsorption process was fitted by pseudo-first-order for both dyes. Results of the reusability tests confirmed the magnetic chitosan (MC) nanoparticles could be used for several times. Based on the experimental results obtained, the MC has adequate potential for the treatment of water contaminated with anionic dyes.

Facile preparation of taurine modified magnetic chitosan nanocomposites as biodegradable adsorbents toward methylene blue

ABSTRACT A novel magnetic Fe3O4@chitosan@taurine adsorbent (MCT) was prepared by surface modification of magnetic chitosan nano-composites with taurine-glutaraldehyde solution. The adsorbents were characterized by FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD, TGA and VSM techniques, respectively. According to the FTIR spectrum of MCT, the characteristic peaks of the SO3 -group on MCT were observed to have a shift after adsorption of the cationic dye, which indicates that there may be electrostatic attraction between the MCT and the cationic dye. Moreover, the saturation magnetization of MCT was found to be 20.797 emu g-1, suggesting that MCT has sufficient magnetic response to meet the need of magnetic separation. The adsorption properties of cationic dyes by MCT were further investigated by using methylene blue (MB) as a representative. The adsorption behaviour of MB by MCT was well described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of MB calculated from the Langmuir model fitting was 204.1 mg g−1 at pH 5 and 384.6 mg g−1 at pH 9, respectively, and the adsorption equilibrium could be reached within 10 min. Besides, the negative values of ΔG° and ΔH° suggested that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic, and the good reusability indicated that MCT could act as a recyclable adsorbent for dye adsorption. All of these results illustrate that MCT has great potential for practical application in removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions.

Removal of methylene blue and congo red by magnetic chitosan nanocomposite: Characterization and adsorption studies

Dyes are stable organic pollutants that have been used in many industries and become one of the toxic contaminants for the environment. This research aimed at preparing a magnetic chitosan nanocomposite (MCN) as an effective adsorbent for cationic and anionic dye removal from aqueous solution. The MCN was synthesized using a coprecipitation method. The physical properties of MCN were characterized using elemental analysis (CHNO), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The results confirm that chitosan has been embedded on the surface of magnetic material and shows superparamagnetic properties behavior. A series of adsorption were conducted to investigate dosage of adsorbent, contact time and initial dye concentration to obtain the optimum condition of adsorption for both methylene blue (MB) and congo red (CR) dyes. The experimental equilibrium adsorption were then analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Based on the correlation coefficient (R2) values, the equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) obtained from the Langmuir isotherm model for MB and CR onto MCN was 0.1308 and 1.8257 mg/g, respectively. Results highlight the potential of MCN application as an adsorbent for water contaminated by dyes.

Adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution by polyacrylic acid grafted magnetic chitosan nanocomposite

A creative combination of chitosan with polyacrylic acid (PAA) improves the acidity resistance of chitosan and increases its potential in the field of adsorption. In order to facilitate recovery, magnetic nanoparticles were incorporated in CS–PAA to obtain a magnetic-CS–PAA (MCS–PAA) nanocomposite. The physical and chemical characteristics of the composite adsorbent MCS–PAA were determined by SEM, TEM, FTIR, EDX, XRD, and XPS. This environmental-friendly, magnetic, composite adsorbent showed significantly better adsorption performance than those of the individual adsorbents alone. The maximal adsorption capacity was 204.89 mg/g according to the Langmuir isotherm model, when the concentration of Pb(II) was 100 mg/L at the equilibrium time of 70 min. The main adsorption mechanism was the complexation between the carboxyl, amino, and hydroxyl groups in MCS–PAA and Pb(II). Further, introduction of PAA also improved the acid resistance of CS. The new adsorbent MCS–PAA is thus expected to facilitate a wider range of applications for chitosan in the adsorption of Pb(II).

Magnetic chitosan nanocomposite: As a novel catalyst for the synthesis of new derivatives of N-sulfonylamidine and N-sulfonylimidate

This study reports the synthesis and characterization of a highly active catalyst based on chelated copper iodide on magnetic chitosan-salicylaldehyde Schiff base. This catalyst was successfully used for the three-component reaction of N-propargylphthalimide, tosylazide, and NH or OH containing nucleophiles to access new classes of N-sulfonylamidine or N-sulfonylimidate derivatives. The products, which were constructed via an in situ generated sulfonyl keteneimine intermediate, were obtained in good to excellent yields. Short reaction times, easy separation and reusability without significant loss of catalyst activity were found to be the notable features of this synthetic protocol.

Evaluation the efficiency of magnetic-metallic chitosan nanocomposite adsorbent in the removal of tetracycline antibiotic from aqueous solutions

Background and Objective: Antibiotics are considered due to health and environmental problems and therefore they counted as a major threat to human health. The aim of this study was to determine the absorption efficiency of magnetic-chitosan nanocomposite in the removal of antibiotic tetracycline from aqueous solutions. Materials and Method: In this study, the experiments were performed by spectrophotometer. The magnetic-chitosan nanocomposite were considered as an antibiotic adsorbent which its adsorption efficiency was measured by changing the variables such as temperature, time, PH, dosage of magnetic-chitosan nanocomposite, concentration of tetracycline, concentration of interactive ions of chlorine, sulfate and carbonate. Synthesis of magnetic-chitosan nanocomposite was based on co-precipitation method. The Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherms were used to determine the isotherm and the absorption kinetics. Results: The results showed that the best antibiotic removal efficiency was obtained at pH = 6. The highest removal efficiency was obtained at 90 minutes and equal to 91.23. Moreover, the removal efficiency of tetracycline was significantly reduced in alkaline pH. Also, by increasing the absorbent dose from 0.1 g/L to 0.5 g/L, the removal efficiency of the pollutant increased from 72.24 to 90.22 at 90 minutes. In addition, with an increase in pollutant concentration between 5-30 mg/L, the removal efficiency of the pollutant decreased from 93.4 to 53.7. In order to study the thermodynamics of the tetracycline pollutant absorption process by magnetic-chitosan nanocomposite, the removal efficiency of the pollutant dropped from 91.23 to 45.1 at 20, 30 and 45 degrees of Celsius. The presence of interfering ions has a decreasing effect on the removal efficiency of tetracycline, which the removal efficiency were reduced from 91.23 at 90 minutes (in the absence of ions) to 70.16 (for chlorine ion), 65.96 (for ion Carbonate) and 54.2 (for sulfate ions). Conclusion: Finally, the use of magnetic- chitosan nanocomposite adsorbent is recommended in the removal of antibiotic tetracycline.

A novel biocompatible core-shell magnetic nanocomposite based on cross-linked chitosan hydrogels for in vitro hyperthermia of cancer therapy

In this work, the chemical cross-linked interaction between chitosan polymeric chains and synthetic terephthaloyl diisothiocyanate as a cross-linker was accomplished in order to fabricate three dimensional cross-linked chitosan hydrogel. This cross-linked hydrogel with considerable characteristics including high stability and homogeneity in aqueous solution (water) and high porosity was applied as new substrate for generation of new magnetic terephthaloyl thiourea cross-linked chitosan nanocomposite. The features of this new magnetic nanocomposite were characterized by FT-IR, EDX, FE-SEM, TEM and VSM analysis. The Size distribution of nanoparticles according to the size histogram of FE-SEM images was estimated between 30 and 40 nm. The performance of designed magnetic nanocomposite was evaluated by magnetic fluid hyperthermia procedure. Under the alternating magnetic field (AMF), the specific absorption rate (66.92 w·g−1) was determined and as well, its saturation magnetization value was reported 78.43 emu·g−1.

Dithiocarbamate Modified SPION-Chitosan Nanobiocomposite, a Promising Adsorbent for Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)

In the present paper, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied for extraction case from a buffer solution through a new version of modified magnetic chitosan nanocomposite. Post-modification of this magnetic chitosan led to conversion of amine groups to dithiocarbamate on the surface of chitosan which was wrapped to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION). Chitosan was converted to magnetic chitosan over co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ under alkali conditions. Amines of chitosan were also converted to dithiocarbamate over the reaction of carbon disulfide. Study of the synthesized support in BSA extraction was achieved in further experiments.

A comparative study of magnetic chitosan (Chi@Fe3O4) and graphene oxide modified magnetic chitosan (Chi@Fe3O4GO) nanocomposites for efficient removal of Cr(VI) from water

Magnetic chitosan (Chi@Fe3O4) nanocomposite was synthesized and modified with graphene oxide (Chi@Fe3O4GO) and the potential of both materials as adsorbents was assessed for the removal of chromium (Cr(VI)) from water. The physico-chemical characteristics of magnetic nanocomposites were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The synthesized adsorbents exhibited varied Cr(VI) removal efficiency at solution pH 2. The reaction kinetics correlated well with the pseudo-second-order model. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 142.32 and 100.51 mg g−1 for Chi@Fe3O4 and Chi@Fe3O4GO, respectively. Analysis of thermodynamic parameters suggested that the reaction occurred spontaneously and was endothermic in nature. Reusability studies showed that the adsorbents can be reused for up to four cycles of regeneration. Fixed bed column experiments revealed that the adsorption performance of Chi@Fe3O4 was affected by the flow rate, adsorbent loading and influent metal ion concentration. The results suggest that the prepared adsorbents have the potential to be used in removing Cr(VI) ions from contaminated water.