Magnetic Carrier Research Articles

Activated carbon-coated iron oxide magnetic nanocomposite (IONPs@CtAC) loaded with morin hydrate for drug-delivery applications.

Cancer is a major disease that affects millions of people around the world every year. It affects individuals of all ages, races, and backgrounds. Since drugs used to treat cancer cannot distinguish between cancerous and healthy cells, they cause systemic toxicity along with serious side effects. Recently, controlled drug-release systems have been developed to reduce the side effects caused by anticancer drugs used for treatment. Morin is an anticancer drug with a flavonol structure. It has been extensively researched for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, and antibacterial properties, especially found in Chinese herbs and fruits, and its multiple positive effects on different diseases. In this study, a nanocomposite with magnetic properties was synthesized by coating biocompatible activated carbon obtained using the fruits of the Celtis tournefortii plant on the surface of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. Characterization of the synthesized activated carbon-coated iron oxide magnetic nanocomposite was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The cytotoxic effects of the drug-loaded magnetic nanocomposite were examined in HT-29 (colorectal), T98-G (glioblastoma) cancer cell lines, and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) healthy cell line. The morin loading and release behavior of the activated carbon-coated iron oxide magnetic nanocomposite were studied, and the results showed that up to 60% of the adsorbed morin was released within 4h. In summary, activated carbon-coated iron oxide magnetic nanocomposite carriers have shown promising results for the delivery of the morin drug.

Synthesis and characterization of activated carbon-supported magnetic nanocomposite (MNPs-OLAC) obtained from okra leaves as a nanocarrier for targeted delivery of morin hydrate.

The method of encapsulating the drug molecule in a carrier, such as a magnetic nanoparticle, is a promising development that has the potential to deliver the medicine to the site where it is intended to be administered. Morin is a pentahydroxyflavone obtained from the leaves, stems, and fruits of various plantsmainly from the Moraceae family exhibiting diverse pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and free radical scavenging and helps treat diseases such as diabetes, myocardial infarction and cancer. In this study, we conducted the synthesis of a nanocomposite with magnetic properties by coating biocompatible activated carbon obtained from okra plant leaves with magnetic nanoparticles. Characterization of the synthesized activated carbon-coated magnetic nanocomposite was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential. The cytotoxic effects of the drug-loaded magnetic nanocomposite were examined in HT-29 (Colorectal), MCF-7 (breast), U373 (brain), T98-G (Glioblastoma) cancer cell lines, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells healthy cell line. We studied the loading and release behavior of morin hydrate in the activated carbon-coated magnetic nanocomposite. Activated carbon-coated magnetic nanocomposite carriers can show promising results for the delivery of Morin hydrate drugs to the targeted site.

Ash Interaction with Two Cu-Based Magnetic Oxygen Carriers during Biomass Combustion by the Chemical Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling Process.

Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) stands out as a promising method for carbon capture and storage for the purpose of mitigating climate change. The process involves the conversion of fuel facilitated by an oxygen carrier, with the resulting CO2 inherently separated from other air components. Notably, when applied to biomass combustion this process offers a pathway to achieving negative CO2 emissions. However, a significant challenge for CLC, particularly in its application to biomass, is the management of interactions between ash and oxygen carriers. Biomass-derived ashes typically contain substantial quantities of reactive ash-forming substances, such as alkaline and alkali earth elements. These interactions can impact the performance and longevity of the oxygen carrier, necessitating careful consideration and mitigation strategies in CLC systems utilizing biomass feedstocks. This study examined the interaction between biomass ash components and two recently developed oxygen carriers, Cu30MnFekao7.5 and Cu30MnFe, during combustion in a 1.5 kWth continuous unit. Both oxygen carriers achieved 100% combustion efficiency and a CO2 capture efficiency of 95% at 900 °C. Although the copper in both oxygen carriers did not exhibit any noticeable interaction with ash components, the accumulative presence of potassium and magnesium in Cu30MnFekao7.5 was identified by inductively coupled plasma and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis, indicating an increase in the amount of both elements in the particles after combustion operation. No problems of agglomeration or fluidization were observed in any of the experiments.

Obtaining High‐Resolution Magnetic Records From Speleothems Using Magnetic Microscopy

AbstractSpeleothems are mineral deposits capable of recording detrital and/or chemical remanent magnetization at annual timescales. They can offer high‐resolution paleomagnetic records of short‐term variations in Earth's magnetic field, crucial for understanding the evolution of the dynamo. Owing to limitations on the magnetic moment sensitivity of commercial cryogenic rock magnetometers (∼10−11 Am2), paleomagnetic studies of speleothems have been limited to samples with volumes of several hundreds of mm3, averaging tens to hundreds of years of magnetic variation. Nonetheless, smaller samples (∼1–10 mm3) can be measured using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscopy, with a sensitivity better than ∼10−15 Am2. To determine the application of SQUID microscopy for obtaining robust high‐resolution records from small‐volume speleothem samples, we analyzed three different stalagmites collected from Lapa dos Morcegos Cave (Portugal), Pau d'Alho Cave (Brazil), and Crevice Cave (United States). These stalagmites are representative of a range of magnetic properties and have been previously studied with conventional rock magnetometers. We show that by using SQUID microscopy we can achieve a five‐fold improvement in temporal resolution for samples with higher abundances of magnetic carriers (e.g., Pau d'Alho Cave and Lapa dos Morcegos Cave). In contrast, speleothems with low abundances of magnetic carriers (e.g., Crevice Cave) do not benefit from higher resolution analysis and are best analyzed using conventional rock magnetometers. Overall, by targeting speleothem samples with high concentrations of magnetic carriers we can increase the temporal resolution of magnetic records, setting the stage for resolving geomagnetic variations at short time scales.

Application of microreactor constructed with micro-mixing channel featuring 3D lateral secondary flow structure for ultra-small particle size preparation of magnetic chitosan nanodrug carriers

Magnetic chitosan nanoparticles serve as reliable carriers for drug delivery, but conventional macroscopic synthesis methods are associated with a number of disadvantages. Efficient micromixing is a crucial aspect of the controlled synthesis of nanoparticles. However, enhancing the mixing efficiency of micromixers at low Reynolds numbers (Re) remains a significant challenge. Fortunately, the addition of lateral structures to the microchannel sidewalls has been demonstrated to be an effective method for enhancing mixing performance at low Re. In this work, the secondary flow effect of 3D lateral structure was numerically studied, and the reason why the multi-dimensional secondary flow effect can effectively promote mixing was analyzed. A high-efficiency microreactor (3D(S)-SWM) was constructed by combining the spherical (S) 3D lateral structure with the square wave (SW) channel. In comparison to other microreactors, 3D(S)-SWM exhibits a shorter full mixing cycle and a smaller pressure drop. Magnetic chitosan nanoparticles were prepared in one step by using the 3D(S)-SWM. The introduction of the 3D lateral structure enables the rapid preparation of magnetic chitosan nanoparticles at low Re. The production of a product with a particle size as low as 18–26 nm, while maintaining superparamagnetic. The nanoparticles prepared can effectively load drugs and achieve sustained drug release. This has significant implications for the targeted transport of drug carriers and their metabolism in vivo. It is anticipated that 3D(S)-SWM will expand the scope of drug delivery applications and facilitate the treatment of diseases.

Performance of a novel Built-in Static Magnetic Field – Biological Aerated Filter (BSMF–BAF) for treating high-salt textile dyeing wastewater

High-salt textile dyeing wastewater is difficult to treat. Magnetic fields can enhance the biodegradation capacity and extreme environmental adaptabilities of microorganisms. Thus, magnetically enhanced bioreactors are expected to improve the treatment efficiency and stability of high-salt textile dyeing wastewater. Accordingly, a novel Built-in Static Magnetic Field – Biological Aerated Filter (BSMF–BAF) was constructed and investigated for treating actual high-salt textile dyeing wastewater in this study. Two other BAFs packed with traditional and magnetic ceramsite carriers, respectively, were simultaneously operated for comparison. The removal of color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solid (SS) and acute toxicity were monitored. The activities of key enzymes and microbial community structure were analyzed to reveal possible mechanisms for improving the treatment efficiency of traditional BAF using the BSMF. The results showed that the BSMF–BAF possessed the highest removal efficiencies of color, COD, SS and acute toxicity among the three BAFs. The BSMF induced significant increases in the activities of azoreductase and lignin peroxidase, which were responsible for the degradation of azo compounds in the wastewater and the detoxification of toxic intermediates, respectively. Additionally, the BSMF induced the relative enrichment of potentially effective bacteria and fungi, and it maintained a relatively high abundance of fungi in the microbial community, resulting in a high treatment efficiency.

Biogenic Origin of Fe-Mn Crusts from Hydrothermal Fields of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Puy de Folles Volcano Region

Ferromanganese formations are widespread in the Earth’s aquatic environment. Of all the mechanisms of their formation, the biogenic one is the most debatable. Here, we studied the Fe-Mn crusts of hydrothermal fields near the underwater volcano Puy de Folles (rift valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge). The chemical and mineralogical composition (optical and electron microscopy with EDX, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray fluorescence analysis, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, gas chromatography—mass spectrometry (GC-MS)) and the magnetic properties (static and resonance methods, including at cryogenic temperatures) of the samples of Fe-Mn crusts were investigated. In the IR absorption spectra, based on hydrogen bond stretching vibrations, it was concluded that there were compounds with aliphatic (alkane) groups as well as compounds with double bonds (possibly with a benzene ring). The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of alkanes, alkenes, hopanes, and steranes. Magnetically, the material is highly coercive; the blocking temperatures are 3 and 13 K. The main carriers of magnetism are ultrafine particles and X-ray amorphous matter. The analysis of experimental data allows us to conclude that the studied ferromanganese crusts, namely in their ferruginous phase, were formed as a result of induced biomineralization with the participation of iron-oxidizing and iron-reducing bacteria.

Site-Directed Immobilization of An Engineered Cytidine Deaminase on a Magnetic Carrier with Bacteriophage-Aided Nanosurface for Multiround Biocatalysis

Site-Directed Immobilization of An Engineered Cytidine Deaminase on a Magnetic Carrier with Bacteriophage-Aided Nanosurface for Multiround Biocatalysis

Relative paleointensity of geomagnetic field during the last 9000 years estimated by the pseudo Thellier method from the bottom sediments of Lake Shira, Northern Khakassia

The results of rock magnetic studies and determination of relative paleointensity from sediments of Lake Shira, Khakassia, are presented. The NRMcarrier minerals were determined from the hysteresis parameters, thermomagnetic and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The age of the sediments was determined by radiocarbon dating. According to these measurements, the column spans about 9100 years. The qualitative determinations of relative paleointensity were obtained from linear segments of the pseudo-Arai–Nagata diagrams. The quality of the determinations was evaluated by the following criteria: number of points used to calculate the slope; quality criterion (q), fraction ofNRMdestroyed in the paleointensity determination interval, and relative paleointensity determination error (σ). According to rock magnetic studies and XRD analysis, the magnetization carriers are represented mainly by single-domain and pseudo-single-domain magnetite and hematite. The comparison of the obtained series of relative paleointensity data with both the model paleointensity values calculated for Shira coordinates from various models (CALS10K.1b [Korte et al., 2011], PFM9k.1 [Nilsson et al., 2014], HFM.OL1.AL1, CALS10k.2 ARCH10k.1 [Constable et al., 2016]) and with absolute paleointensity, as well as the aggregate results of the studies on sedimentary and igneous rocks and on archaeomagnetic objects has shown that these data are in good agreement with each other and have common trends. This provides a rationale for using this methodology to determine paleointensity from sediments of modern lakes using the pseudo-Thellier method.

Production of magnetic photocatalysts from TiO2, Fe(NO3)3 and sucrose and their application for the degradation of model organic contaminants

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhotocatalysis is an efficient method for the removal of organic contaminants in wastewater. In this study, different magnetic photocatalysts for the degradation of organic compounds were prepared.RESULTSTi/C/Fe photocatalysts were prepared by supporting TiO2 (20, 40 and 60% w/w) on a carbon/iron oxide (C/Fe) magnetic carrier. Characterization via Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffractometry, thermal analysis, X‐ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy/elemental mapping and magnetic property analysis by vibrating‐sample magnetometry confirmed the presence of TiO2, Fe3O4, Fe3C and char in the photocatalysts as well as their magnetic properties. The results of specific surface area analysis showed that the C/Fe support had a surface area of 183 m2 g−1 and that this area decreased with an increasing amount of supported TiO2, reaching up to 129 m2 g−1. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy characterization revealed that the bandgap values obtained for the photocatalysts (Ti/C/Fe) were lower than 3.2 eV. The prepared photocatalysts showed high efficiency in degrading the contaminants Remazol Black (RB5) (99%), paracetamol (77%) and phenol (90%). Recovery and reuse experiments using RB5 showed that after the fourth reaction, the photocatalytic efficiency was reduced by 50%, and the recovery reached up to 70%. Sedimentation kinetics showed that while only 6% of the TiO2 was deposited, up to 89% of the photocatalysts were deposited.CONCLUSIONSThese results indicate that the photocatalysts showed excellent photocatalytic efficiency for different contaminants and can be easily and quickly separated from the reaction medium by magnetic separation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

In-situ forming Cu-based metal-organic framework in the presence of chitosan-Fe3O4 nanohybrids: A pH-sensitive carrier for controlled release of doxorubicin

In recent years, stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems based on pH, particularly those developed using bio-derived nanocomposite systems, have gained significant attention. In this work, a novel magnetic carrier was designed based on biopolymeric chitosan and metal-organic framework (MOF) for pH-controlling the release of anticancer drugs. To end this, an in-situ green method was performed to form Cu-based MOF in the presence of a magnetic polysaccharide synthesized by precipitation method toward the construction of CS/Fe3O4/Cu-MOF nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was immersed in an aqueous solution of a model anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), and a higher loading capacity (90.1 ± 0.5 %) was achieved. The in-vitro drug release study showed low release rates in simulated physiological environments (pH 7.4, 37 °C, lower than about 20 %), but higher release rates in tumor tissue conditions (pH 4.5, 41 °C, higher than about 60 %) over 96 h, allowing for sustained and extended delivery of DOX. Additionally, the MTT assay demonstrated that the blank and DOX-loaded CS/Fe3O4/Cu-MOF had good cytocompatibility (over 80 % cell viability) and considerable cytotoxicity (lower than 40 % at 16 μg/mL) toward breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line, respectively. These results indicated that the synthesized nanocomposite with suitable pH-sensitivity has potential as a targeted anticancer agent.

Rheological modelling of carbonyl-iron particles (CIP) paraffin oil-based magneto-rheological fluids

New types of magneto-rheological fluids are increasingly being developed lately, but there is a dearth of information on the performance of commonly used rheological models for emerging MRFs such as carbonyl-iron particles (CIP) paraffin-oil-based MRF. This work aims to investigate the performance of some rheological models for application in predicting shear stress and yield strength in an emerging MRF suitable for flow-mode applications. CIP, low viscosity paraffin oil, and lithium grease were used as magnetic particles, carrier fluid, and additives, respectively, to prepare the MRF. Based on different mixing proportions determined with the Taguchi method of experimental design, sixteen samples were prepared following a standard procedure. For each sample, the values of viscosity and shear stress were determined using a viscometer and rheometer, respectively, with an incorporated self-developed magnetic device. By fitting the data and using the multi-objective nonlinear programming solver in Micro-soft Excel to determine optimum parameters for each model, the Bingham Model, Herschel–Buckley Model, Casson Model, Cross models, and Power-law were used to model the experimental data. Predicted shear stress values and yield strength were then analyzed using ANOVA at a 5% confidence level. The relative errors were determined using RMSE, Mean Square Error, and Mean Absolute Error. There was a significant variation in the predicted outcomes of all the models. Overall, all the models gave relatively acceptable results. However, the Herschel-Buckley model gave the best results, while the Casson model gave the worst results, judging by their values of errors. It is shown that the Herschel-Buckley model should be best used for predicting the rheological characteristics of CIP and paraffin oil-based MRF.

The Actuating Characteristics of Magnetorheological Fluids Subjected to Particle Sedimentation and Temperature Variation

Magnetorheological (MR) fluids are known for their controllable characteristics under the influence of magnetic fields and, hence, widely used as semi-active actuators for vibration control. Regardless of advantages such as fast response time and reversible property, MR fluids inevitably experience sedimentation caused by significant density mismatches between magnetic particles and carrier liquids. Moreover, the effect of the temperature on actuating characteristics is also one of the problems to be resolved for practical implementation. This study experimentally investigates the sedimentation behavior under various temperatures ranging from 25 to 70 °C using a multiguide-arm magnetic device that generates a uniform magnetic flux density across MR fluids. The sedimentation stability is then observed after 168 h at current inputs of 0, 1, and 2 A, respectively. Subsequently, the field-dependent rheological properties of MR fluids are evaluated using a rheometer and discussed, showing actuating capability, which depends on the viscosity, shear stress, and yield stress before (initial state) and after the sedimentation (sedimentation state). The field-dependent yield stresses, which directly represent the actuating force of the semi-active actuator, are specifically evaluated. Under the on-state condition (2 A) at a temperature of 70 °C, the yield stress decreased from 2.747 kPa (initial state) to 2.352 kPa (sedimentation state). By using this yield stress, the field-dependent damping force was evaluated, showing a decrement from 1672 N (initial state) to 1623 N (sedimentation state) at a velocity of 0.8 m/s. It is shown that the temperature causes the reduction of the actuating properties after the long-term operation. The insightful findings achieved in this work will provide useful information for the evaluation of actuating characteristics of smart MR fluids and the design of MR application systems subjected to particle sedimentation and temperature variation.

Magnetic covalent organic framework for magnetic solid-phase extraction of carbamate pesticide residues

Herein, a new kind of magnetic covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs), named MCOF-DhaTab, using 1,3,5-tris (4-aminophenyl) benzene and 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-phenylenedialdehyde as functional monomers of COFs and Fe3O4-NH2 nanoparticles as magnetic carrier was synthesized at room temperature through Schiff base reaction. With a large specific surface area (409.5 m2/g) and rich in benzene rings and hydroxyl groups, the prepared MCOF-DhaTab exhibited high extraction efficiency (73.8 %–88.9 %) for five carbamate pesticides (CPs). Based on it, a new method of magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) with MCOF-DhaTab as the sorbents coupling to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) − ultraviolet visible (UV) detection was developed for trace analysis of carbaryl (CAR), fenobucarb (FEN), isoprocarb (ISO), diuron (DIU), mercaptodimethur (MER). The developed method had the advantages of low limits of detection (0.1–200 μg/L for CAR, 0.2–100 μg/L for ISO, 0.2–200 μg/L for DIU, and 0.5–200 μg/L for FEN and MER), high sensitivity, simplicity and rapidity. It was successfully used for the analysis of trace CPs in tomato, cucumber and cigar samples, showing a great application potential in pesticide residues analysis in agricultural samples.

Crystal field anisotropy correlated charge disproportionation in Ruddlesden-Popper Sr3-xCaxFe2O7-δ perovskites

A series of Ca2+-doped Ruddlesden-Popper phase perovskites Sr3-xCaxFe2O7-δ (x = 0∼0.4) were synthesized. Strong asymmetric FeO6 octahedral distortion was confirmed at x = 0.2 owing to the anisotropic chemical pressure applied from preferable occupation of Ca2+ ion at Sr2 site. Unusual high-charged oxidation state of iron ion with enhanced p→d charge transfer was collectively evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Combined electron emission spectroscopy further revealed a narrowing of the surface band gap accompanied by an apparent lowering of the conduction band edge at x = 0.2. These observations can be explained by a nontrivial partial charge disproportionated (CD) regime: d5L + d5L → d5L1−n + d5L1+n, which reflects a significant correlation between anisotropic chemical pressure and CD ground state. The d5L1−n ground state, which dominates the conduction band, is largely stabilized by enhancing the d(Fe)-p(O) hybridization along the c-axis. In addition, abrupt changes in both magnetism and dc electrical properties were also observed at x = 0.2. It is believed that the anisotropic crystal field correlated electronic state fluctuation of iron may facilitate magnetic phase competition and carrier transport. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the crystallographic anisotropy and correlated valence electron behavior in Fe-base Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites, as well as quasi two-dimensional perovskite materials.

Review on Study of Nanoparticles in Brain Targeting for Treatment Of Alzheimer’s

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder, in which there is a progressive deterioration of intellectual and social functions, memory loss, personality changes and inability for self-care, and has become the fourth leading cause of death in developed countries. Pathogenesis of AD, there is a progressive deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ)- peptide in the hippocampal and cerebral cortical regions. This deposition is associated with the presence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and senile plaques. The senile plaques deposited between the neurons consist mainly protein β amyloid. Neurofibrillary tangles deposited inside the neurons fabricated from Tau protein. Diagnosing Alzheimer's requires careful medical evaluation thorough medical history, mental status testing, physical and neurological examination tests (such as blood tests and brain imaging), two classes of medications approved to treat AD. Cholinesterase inhibitors: Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine, NMDA receptor antagonists: Memantine. The major goal in designing nanoparticles as a delivery system are to control particle size, surface property and release of pharmacologically active agents in order to achieve the site-specific action of the drug at the therapeutic optimum rate and dose regimen of the agent to the CNS, but also the ability of the agent to access the relevant target site within the CNS. Many strategies have been developed to deliver the drug into brain by crossing the BBB: chemical delivery systems, magnetic drug targeting or drug carrier systems such as antibodies, liposomes or nanoparticles. Among those, nanoparticles have got a great concentration as the potential targeted drug delivery systems in the brain recently. Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, β-amyloid, cholinesterase inhibitors, Curcumin nanoparticles.

Enigmatic mixture of magnetite magnetofossils and diagenetic greigite as the magnetic carriers of the Early Miocene lacustrine sediments from the Most Basin in Central Europe

The Early Miocene lacustrine sediments of the Most Basin in the Czech Republic preserve a European continental paleoenvironmental archive. A number of paleoenvironmental and magnetostratigraphic studies have been carried out on sediment cores from boreholes due to ongoing coal mining in the basin. However, the magnetic carriers of the studied sediments have not been identified clearly. Here, we present a detailed paleo-rock magnetic study from the Burdigalian sediments near the Bilina mining area, Most Basin. The studied clay sediments cover the period of local lakes and a basin-wide lake above the main coal seam. Our results suggest that the magnetic carriers of the studied section in the Most Basin are mixtures of authigenic greigite and magnetite magnetofossils with overlapping magnetic signatures. Greigite is formed by migration of pore water through the sediment column, where iron from siderite grains reacts with these fluids with limited H2S, which then favors greigite precipitation. The co-existence of greigite and magnetite indicates a partial dissolution of magnetofossils due to H2S deficiency. Diagenetic greigite has been problematic in paleomagnetic studies due to an unknown time lag between the depositional remanence and the chemical remanent magnetization (CRM). A ghost polarity interval reveals that greigite acquired at least ∼45 kyr delayed CRM. The revealed timing of remanence acquisition brings a new perspective to the chronostratigraphic structure of the Most Basin.

Tumor-Homing Peptides as Crucial Component of Magnetic-Based Delivery Systems: Recent Developments and Pharmacoeconomical Perspective.

According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is considered to be one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and new therapeutic approaches, especially improved novel cancer treatment regimens, are in high demand. Considering that many chemotherapeutic drugs tend to have poor pharmacokinetic profiles, including rapid clearance and limited on-site accumulation, a combined approach with tumor-homing peptide (THP)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles could lead to remarkable improvements. This is confirmed by an increasing number of papers in this field, showing that the on-target peptide functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles improves their penetration properties and ensures tumor-specific binding, which results in an increased clinical response. This review aims to highlight the potential applications of THPs in combination with magnetic carriers across various fields, including a pharmacoeconomic perspective.

Evaluation of Magnetic Levitation Carrier Using Superconducting Magnetic Suspension with Superconducting Coils and Bulks

Evaluation of Magnetic Levitation Carrier Using Superconducting Magnetic Suspension with Superconducting Coils and Bulks

Paddy straw saccharification using immobilized laccase on magnetized multiwall carbon nanotubes.

The effective recovery of the immobilized enzymes using magnetic carriers has led to growing interest in this technology. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of immobilized laccase on magnetized multiwall carbon nanotubes (m-MWCNTs) in terms of stability and reusability. Laccases were efficiently adsorbed onto magnetized multiwall carbon nanotubes (m-MWCNTs) synthesized using water. The concentration of 7mg laccase/mL was found to be ideal for immobilization. The optimal activity of both free and immobilized laccases was observed at pH 5, while for the latter, the optimal temperature was shifted from 40 to 50°C. Compared to the free laccase, the immobilized laccase exhibited a greater range of stability at more extreme temperatures. At the fourth cycle of reactions, the immobilized laccase exhibited more than 60% relative activity in terms of reusability. Based on the fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) peak at 2921cm-1, saccharification of paddy straw using immobilized laccase verified lignin degradation. The easy recovery of the immobilized laccase on m-MWCNTs lends credence to its potential use in biomass hydrolysis.