Magnesium Zinc Research Articles

Effect of Composition on Adhesion and Chemical Resistance in Multilayer Elastomer Laminates

The defense against dangerous chemical agents imposes demanding requirements for the development of protective materials, such as elastomers, plastics, and fabrics. While chemical protective clothing is commercially available, its elasticity, flexibility, stretchability, and chemical resistance spectrum may be restrictive and in need of further improvement. In this paper, a multilayer elastomer laminate, consisting of bromobutyl rubber (BIIR), acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), and a fluoroelastomer (FKM), was fabricated to meet broad-range protection against chemical agents, while remaining flexible and stretchable. The bonding between the multiple layers was investigated via formulations designed to promote interlayer adhesion. The effects of magnesium oxide (MgO), zinc oxide (ZnO), stearic acid, carbon black, and phosphonium salt on the vulcanization and adhesion of the BIIR–NBR–FKM laminate were systematically studied using cure rheometry and T-peel tests. The optimized formulations of each rubber yielded adhesion strengths of 19 N/2.5 cm and >65 N/2.5 cm for the BIIR–NBR laminate and NBR–FKM laminate, respectively. The chemical resistance of these three elastomer sheets and their strongly bonded laminates was measured according to ASTM F739 and the time-lag method for methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, and butylamine. The laminates showed excellent resistance to the selected chemicals, with detected breakthrough times of longer than 1000 min. Also, some laminates were observed to have longer breakthrough times than the equivalent thickness of the individual elastomers making up the laminate.

A Review on the Progress of AlGaN Tunnel Homojunction Deep-Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes

Conventional deep-ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on AlGaN crystals have extremely low light-emission efficiencies due to the absorption in p-type GaN anode contacts. UV-light-transparent anode structures are considered as one of the solutions to increase a light output power. To this end, the present study focuses on developing a transparent AlGaN homoepitaxial tunnel junction (TJ) as the anode of a deep-UV LED. Deep-UV LEDs composed of n+/p+-type AlGaN TJs were fabricated under the growth condition that reduced the carrier compensation in the n+-type AlGaN layers. The developed deep-UV LED achieved an operating voltage of 10.8 V under a direct current (DC) operation of 63 A cm−2, which is one of the lowest values among devices composed of AlGaN tunnel homojunctions. In addition, magnesium zinc oxide (MgZnO)/Al reflective electrodes were fabricated to enhance the output power of the AlGaN homoepitaxial TJ LED. The output power was increased to 57.3 mW under a 63 A cm−2 DC operation, which was 1.7 times higher than that achieved using the conventional Ti/Al electrodes. The combination of the AlGaN-based TJ and MgZnO/Al reflective contact allows further improvement of the light output power. This study confirms that the AlGaN TJ is a promising UV-transmittance structure that can achieve a high light-extraction efficiency.

In-Situ Interfacial Reaction Induced Amino-Rich Oxide Surface to Grow High-Quality FAPbBr3 Crystals for Efficient Inverted Light-Emitting Diodes

Iodine-based perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) utilizing zinc oxide (ZnO) films as electron-transporting layers (ETLs) show excellent efficiency and stability. However, the poor understanding of the reaction between bromine-based perovskites and ZnO films hinders the preparation of high-quality bromine-based perovskites on ZnO films. Here, we demonstrate an in situ interfacial amidation reaction between one amino group of formamidinium bromide (FABr) and sol–gel ZnO film, leaving unreacted amino groups to form an amino-rich ZnO/perovskite interface. The density of amino groups, which can regulate the crystallization of FAPbBr3, is determined by the original carboxylate groups of the ZnO film. Carboxylate groups-rich zinc–magnesium oxide film is further developed to grow high-quality FAPbBr3 crystals. The resultant inverted PeLEDs show a low turn-on voltage of 1.8 V and a peak external quantum efficiency of 12.7%, the highest efficiency reported for green-emissive PeLEDs prepared directly on ZnO-based films. This significant discovery provides a promising route toward achieving high-performance inverted bromine-based PeLEDs on oxide ETLs.

Integration of 2D graphene oxide sheets with MgFe2O4/ZnO heterojunction for improved photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes and benzoic acid

The versatile process of photo-catalysis is used to treat water pollution and other environmental issues. Another way for solving environmental pollution remediation is metal ferrite with a spinel structure, which is widely used as a photocatalyst. In this work, the fabrication of all the materials was followed by using the co-precipitation method, while graphene oxide was prepared by hummer's method. Synthesized samples were characterized by using various techniques like XRD, SEM, UV–visible and FT-IR. For the identification of functional groups FT-IR was used. Surface morphology was determined by SEM. The band gap was calculated with the help of the Tauc plot. Methyl orange, crystal violet (as coloured dyes), and benzoic acid (as colourless effluent) were chosen to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of fabricated samples. The photocatalytic degradation (%) of composite is higher than heterojunction and pristine Magnesium ferrite and Zinc oxide. In the case of methyl orange, the degradation percentage was 80% by the composite (MgFe2O4-ZnO-GO, MF/ZO/GO) while 78% by heterojunction (MgFe2O4-ZnO, MF/ZO), 74% by ZnO (ZO) and 65% by MgFe2O4(MF). Further, crystal violet showed % a degradation 80% by composite and 72% by heterojunction, 74% by MgFe2O4(MF) and 65% by ZnO (ZO). Similarly, MF, ZO, MF/ZO and MF/ZO/GO showed 36%, 39%, 43% and 45% for benzoic acid, respectively. For the degradation of pollutants, the synthesized material will attract the attention of the researcher.

Application of a novel biological-nanoparticle pretreatment to Oscillatoria acuminata biomass and coculture dark fermentation for improving hydrogen production

BackgroundEnergy is the basis and assurance for a world's stable development; however, as traditional non-renewable energy sources deplete, the development and study of renewable clean energy have emerged. Using microalgae as a carbon source for anaerobic bacteria to generate biohydrogen is a clean energy generation system that both local and global peers see as promising.ResultsKlebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae, and their coculture were used to synthesize biohydrogen using Oscillatoria acuminata biomass via dark fermentation. The total carbohydrate content in O. acuminata was 237.39 mg/L. To enhance the content of fermentable reducing sugars, thermochemical, biological, and biological with magnesium zinc ferrite nanoparticles (Mg-Zn Fe2O4-NPs) pretreatments were applied. Crude hydrolytic enzymes extracted from Trichoderma harzianum of biological pretreatment were enhanced by Mg-Zn Fe2O4-NPs and significantly increased reducing sugars (230.48 mg/g) four times than thermochemical pretreatment (45.34 mg/g). K. pneumonia demonstrated a greater accumulated hydrogen level (1022 mLH2/L) than E. cloacae (813 mLH2/L), while their coculture showed superior results (1520 mLH2/L) and shortened the production time to 48 h instead of 72 h in single culture pretreatments. Biological pretreatment + Mg-Zn Fe2O4 NPs using coculture significantly stimulated hydrogen yield (3254 mLH2/L), hydrogen efficiency)216.9 mL H2/g reducing sugar( and hydrogen production rate (67.7 mL/L/h) to the maximum among all pretreatments.ConclusionThese results confirm the effectiveness of biological treatments + Mg-Zn Fe2O4-NPs and coculture dark fermentation in upregulating biohydrogen production.

Thickness Study of Ga2O3 Barrier Layer in p-Si/n-MgZnO:Er/Ga2O3/ZnO:In Diode

The p-Si/n-MgZnO:Er/Ga2O3/ZnO:In diodes with different Ga2O3 thicknesses were fabricated through spray pyrolysis deposition at 450 °C with aqueous solutions containing magnesium nitrate, zinc acetate, erbium acetate, gallium nitrate, and indium nitrate precursors. The effects of Ga2O3 layer thickness on the diode properties were investigated. For the deposited films, a combined tiny hexagonal slices and small blocks surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy for all samples. Diodes were formed after In and Ag deposition on the back side and top side, respectively. The current-voltage characteristics and luminescence spectra are studied. With the increasing of Ga2O3 thickness, the diode forward bias resistance increases while the reverse biased dark current shows the decrease-increase characters. The Er ion corresponded green light emission was characterized for the diode under reverse biased breakdown condition. The increased luminescent intensity with low turn-on current behaviors was characterized by the diode with a Ga2O3 thickness of 4.9 nm. With the diode electrical and luminescence analysis, the effect of the Ga2O3 barrier layer on the diode was discussed. The Ga2O3 barrier layer improves performance for rare earth-related light-emitting devices.

Superparamagnetic characteristic of surface capped Mg0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles reinforced polycarbonate nanocomposite fibers with mixed magnetic phases

The purpose of this work is to prepare magnetic polycarbonate nanocomposite fibers from nonmagnetic polycarbonate material by electrospinning method. This was achieved by the incorporation of oleic acid capped magnesium zinc ferrite (Mg0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4) nanoparticles during the spinning process. The presence of uniformly distributed surface capped Mg0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles in the polymer nanofibers was detected by TEM investigation. The nanocomposite fibers retained and exhibited the excellent surface morphology as that of the plane polycarbonate fibers prepared under the same solution and spinning parameters. FT-IR and XRD studies revealed that, there did not happen any degradation to the polycarbonate material even with a high nanofiller load or under a high applied potential during electrospinning. UV-Visible spectral study shows that the polycarbonate nanocomposite fibers attained attractive visible light absorption power. The increased polymer entanglement by the proper interaction with the ferrite nanoparticles attributes to the increase in the glass transition temperature of the nanocomposite fibers. The VSM analysis was carried out to find the magnetic parameters like saturation magnetization, coercivity and retentivity of the composite fibers. Mossbauer spectral analysis was done to know the isomer shift, quadrupole splitting and the average hyperfine field. PC-Mg0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 composite nanofibers exhibit quadrupole splitting values between 0.35 and 0.57 mm/s

Determinants of Magnesium Intake, Zinc Intake and Body Mass Index (BMI) with Fasting Blood Glucose Levels in the Elderly in Klaten Regency

The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that the number of diabetics in Indonesia will reach 28.57 million (2045) from 19.47 million (2021). One of the populations that is susceptible to diabetes is the elderly due to decreased organ function. This is a challenge due to the increasing global and Indonesian elderly populations. This study used a cross-sectional design. The subjects of this study were the elderly (≥ 60 years), as many as 158 people with inclusion criteria. Sampling using multistage random sampling technique. Characteristic data obtained from interviews. BMI was obtained from anthropometric measurements (height and weight). Intake of magnesium and zinc was obtained from 2 times food recal 24 hour and SQ FFQ. Fasting blood sugar data obtained from fasting blood sugar examination. Statistical analysis using multiple linear regression. The results showed that the three variables (Magnesium intake, zinc intake, BMI) could have an effect on fasting blood sugar by 7.2%. The model that occurs is GDP = 150.4 + (1.708*BMI) + (-4.16*Intake of Magnesium) + (-0.063*Intake of Zinc). From this model it can be suggested that the elderly consume foods rich in magnesium and zinc and control BMI to avoid increasing fasting blood sugar levels.

Investigation of calcium substitution on magnetic and dielectric properties of Mg–Zn nano ferrites

In this work, an efficient, cost-effective, and less time-consuming citrate precursor wet chemical approach was employed to prepare a series of Calcium (Ca) doped Magnesium–Zinc ferrite of composition Mg0.4Zn0.6-xCax Fe2O4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6). X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis confirmed the spinel structure and nanometric size of the particles. Williamson-Hall (W–H) plots were drawn by making use of XRD data and calculated values of lattice strain were found in the range (3.00 × 10−3 to 9.09 × 10−3) for various concentrations of calcium. The cubic spinel structure of produced ferrites was also verified by three active Raman modes (A1g, Eg, and T2g). In the Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) study, an “S” shape curve shows the low values of coercivity for all the samples in the range 59–105 Oe. For all Ca concentrations, the dielectric loss tangent values were evaluated to be extremely low 0.03 to 0.18 at 1 MHz frequency. The highly magnetic nature and very low value of loss factor make this prepared nanoferrite material best suited for the manufacturing of high-frequency application devices.

Synthesis and Characterization of 𝒌-Carrageenan/PVA Nanocomposite Hydrogels in Combination with MgZnO Nanoparticles to Evaluate the Catechin Release

In the current study, nanocomposites were prepared by combining k-carrageenan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and doped nanoparticles (Magnesium oxide) MgO, (Magnesium Zinc oxide) MgZnO 1%, MgZnO 3%, and MgZnO 5%. The nanoparticles were synthesized by a sol-gel method and mixed with a mixture of k-carrageenan/PVA (Ca/PVA) in various ratios. The structure of the composites was analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The Ca/PVA mixture was then mixed with nanoparticles and loaded with active ingredient, catechin. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and texture analysis were performed to analyze the nanocomposites. Entrapment efficiency (EE%) and drug release studies confirmed that k-carrageenan/PVA/MgZnO 5% had the highest EE% at 81.58% and a drug release of 75.21% ± 0.94. The EE% of k-carrageenan/PVA/MgO was 55.21% and its drug release was 45%. This indicates that ZnO plays an effective role in the structure and performance of Ca/PVA composites. The SEM images of MgO composites show smoother surfaces compared to MgZnO composites. This may be one of the reasons for the increased EE% and drug release of MgZnO composites. The addition of ZnO to the composite structure can lead to the appearance of pores on the surface of the composite, increasing entrapment and drug release.

A strategy to improve dielectric permittivity of Mg–Zn ferrite by using silver nanoparticles

In this work, we used silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to enhance the dielectric properties of magnesium-zinc ferrite (Mg–ZnFe2O4) by enhancing local electric field with the creation of nano/micro capacitors between conducting metal particles (Ag NPs) and insulating host (Mg–ZnFe2O4). Mg–ZnFe2O4 was synthesized using the sol-gel method and silver NPs were decorated on magnesium zinc ferrite (Ag@Mg–ZnFe2O4) by employing a sonication approach. The effect of Ag NPs concentration was studied on the structural, morphological, optical, dielectric, and magnetic properties of Ag@Mg–ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence of cubic Mg–ZnFe2O4 and face-centred cubic (FCC) Ag NPs in Ag@Mg–ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite. The structural parameters such as lattice strain, crystallite size and microstrain were correlated with Ag NPs concentration. The morphological study of Ag@Mg–ZnFe2O4 showed uniform decoration of silver at low concentrations; higher concentrations of silver led to reduced covering due to the agglomeration tendency of Ag NPs. Diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) was employed to estimate the effect of Ag NPs on the optical bandgap of Mg–ZnFe2O4. The bandgap narrowing was observed due to the overlapping of the Ag conduction band with the valence band of Mg–ZnFe2O4. All Ag@Mg–ZnFe2O4 samples showed superparamagnetic behaviour and the saturation magnetization was decreased with the increase in the non-magnetic Ag nanoparticles in the nanocomposite. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) was employed to comprehensively analyze the dielectric properties of Ag@Mg–ZnFe2O4. Complex impedance plane plots confirmed the involvement of relaxation phenomena related to grains and grain boundaries in the observed dielectric properties. The decoration of silver nanoparticles was associated with the realization of a high dielectric constant (∼104) in all prepared samples at low frequency. Moreover, uniform decoration of silver was found to show a more stable dielectric constant with relatively low dielectric loss.

Effect of Substrate Temperature on Structure of Vacuum Evaporated Zinc-Magnesium Alloy Coating

In order to solve the problem that the poor plating ability of Galvanized ultra-high strength steel automobile sheet made by traditional continuous hot-dip galvanizing method and the problem that it is difficult to prepare high magnesium (more than 3%) content coated steel sheet by traditional continuous hot-dip galvanizing method. In this chapter, Zn-Mg coating was evaporated at substrate temperature of 50 °C, 100 °C, 150 °C and 200 °C by double source co-evaporation method, and the microstructure and adhesion of single-layer Zn Mg coating were analyzed. The results show that, with the increasing of substrate temperature, the surface grains of zinc magnesium coating have a trend of increasing gradually, but the adhesion of the coating has a trend of decreasing, among which ZnMg-100 coating has the best adhesion.

Thin-Film Carbon Nitride (C2N)-Based Solar Cell Optimization Considering Zn1−xMgxO as a Buffer Layer

Carbon nitride (C2N), a two-dimensional material, is rapidly gaining popularity in the photovoltaic (PV) research community owing to its excellent properties, such as high thermal and chemical stability, non-toxic composition, and low fabrication cost over other thin-film solar cells. This study uses a detailed numerical investigation to explore the influence of C2N-based solar cells with zinc magnesium oxide (Zn1−xMgxO) as a buffer layer. The SCAPS-1D simulator is utilized to examine the performance of four Mg-doped buffer layers (x = 0.0625, 0.125, 0.1875, and 0.25) coupled with the C2N-based absorber layer. The influence of the absorber and buffer layers’ band alignment, quantum efficiency, thickness, doping density, defect density, and operating temperature are analyzed to improve the cell performance. Based on the simulations, increasing the buffer layer Mg concentration above x = 0.1875 reduces the device performance. Furthermore, it is found that increasing the absorber layer thickness is desirable for good device efficiency, whereas a doping density above 1015 cm−3 can degrade the cell performance. After optimization of the buffer layer thickness and doping density at 40 nm and 1018 cm−3, the cell displayed its maximum performance. Among the four structures, C2N/Zn0.8125Mg0.1875O demonstrated the highest PCE of 19.01% with a significant improvement in open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit density (Jsc), and fill factor (FF). The recorded results are in good agreement with the standard theoretical studies.

Reversible Dihydrogen Activation and Catalytic H/D Exchange with Group 10 Heterometallic Complexes.

Reaction of a hexagonal planar palladium complex featuring a [PdMg3 H3 ] core with H2 is reversible and leads to the formation of a new [PdMg2 H4 ] tetrahydride species alongside an equivalent of a magnesium hydride co-product [MgH]. While the reversibility of this process prevented isolation of [PdMg2 H4 ], analogous [PtMg2 H4 ] and [PtZn2 H4 ] complexes could be isolated and characterised through independent syntheses. Computational analysis (DFT, AIM, NCIPlot) of the bonding in a series of heterometallic tetrahydride compounds (Ni-Pt; Mg and Zn) suggests that these complexes are best described as square planar with marginal metal-metal interactions; the strength of which increases slightly as group 10 is descended and increases from Mg to Zn. DFT calculations support a mechanism for H2 activation involving a ligand-assisted oxidative addition to Pd. These findings were exploited to develop a catalytic protocol for H/D exchange into magnesium hydride and zinc hydride bonds.

Reversible Dihydrogen Activation and Catalytic H/D Exchange with Group 10 Heterometallic Complexes**

AbstractReaction of a hexagonal planar palladium complex featuring a [PdMg3H3] core with H2is reversible and leads to the formation of a new [PdMg2H4] tetrahydride species alongside an equivalent of a magnesium hydride co‐product [MgH]. While the reversibility of this process prevented isolation of [PdMg2H4], analogous [PtMg2H4] and [PtZn2H4] complexes could be isolated and characterised through independent syntheses. Computational analysis (DFT, AIM, NCIPlot) of the bonding in a series of heterometallic tetrahydride compounds (Ni–Pt; Mg and Zn) suggests that these complexes are best described as square planar with marginal metal‐metal interactions; the strength of which increases slightly as group 10 is descended and increases from Mg to Zn. DFT calculations support a mechanism for H2activation involving a ligand‐assisted oxidative addition to Pd. These findings were exploited to develop a catalytic protocol for H/D exchange into magnesium hydride and zinc hydride bonds.

Zinc hydroxystannate dripped on magnesium hydroxide flower for enhancing smoke suppression and toxicity reduction properties of epoxy resin

AbstractIn order to reduce the emission of smoke and toxic gases during the combustion of epoxy resin (EP), inspired by the structure of “flowers after rain,” a novel low‐cost flame retardant (FMH@ZHS) was prepared by using flower‐like magnesium hydroxide (FMH) as the flower and zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS) as the raindrop. The tensile strength of EP/3FMH@ZHS increased by 13.7% compared with EP/3FMH. Moreover, the 3 wt% FMH@ZHS hybrid material increased the limited oxygen index value of the EP composite to 27.6% while suppressing the dripping phenomenon during combustion, achieving self‐extinguishing characteristic. Meanwhile, compared with pure EP, peak heat release rate, peak smoke production rate, total smoke production, and peak carbon monoxide production rate of EP/3FMH@ZHS decreased by 34.6%, 55.6%, 41.8%, and 50.0%, respectively. The flame retardant mechanism showed that during the combustion process, the catalytic char formation of magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, and stannic oxide generated from FMH@ZSH can promote the formation of a denser and continuous char layer, inhibiting the transport of flammable gases, toxic gases and heat and improving the fire safety of EP composites. In conclusion, this biomimetic material provided a good approach for the industrial application of EP.

Study on firing process of silicon zinc magnesium crystal glaze

It is complicated to control the technological conditions of silica-zinc crystalline glaze, and research on the technological conditions is an important subject in ceramic art and science. The artistic effect of silicon, zinc, and magnesium crystalline glaze is influenced by many factors, scientific and reasonable glaze composition and glaze application method are the basis of crystal formation, firing condition is the key to controlling crystal flower, and the colorant is the key factor of color presentation. This paper introduces the preparation process of crystalline art glaze of silicon, zinc, and magnesium, discusses the key factors that affect the performance of crystalline glaze and crystal formation, and determines the best glaze application method and firing technology.

Development and Evaluation of Physico-Chemical Properties of Functionalized Cannabis indica Fibers Reinforced Bio-Polymer Composites

ABSTRACT The objective of this research work is to evaluate the variation in mechanical, thermal, dielectric and physico-chemical properties of Cannabis indica fibers fortified unsaturated polyester composites with respect to fiber proportions and type of surface functionalization techniques employed. The various surface functionalization techniques utilized were mercerization and silane, benzoyl chloride and acrylic acid/acrylonitrile graft copolymerization. To optimize fibers proportions, portrayal of polymer composites has been done by considering their mechanical properties like tensile, compressive and flexural strength, and the optimized values have been noted to be 22.66, 51.7 and 53.27 MPa, respectively, when stacked with 30% benzoylated fibers. These composite materials have additionally been assessed for their water absorbance, chemical strength and dampness absorbance behavior, and best properties were observed in case of benzoyl chloride and acrylonitrile grafted fibers. The optimized samples were then characterized by scanning electron microscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis techniques. Additionally, these composites have likewise been assessed for their dielectric properties and combustibility. Furthermore, the ability of magnesium hydroxide and zinc borate fire retardant fillers on the fire resistance properties of Cannabis indica fibers fortified polyester composites has also been examined and was noticed to increase the limiting oxygen index values of polymer composites from 20 to 23%.

Mechanism and factor analysis of welding PC and PASF using magnesium zinc alloy particles as laser-absorbent

Effectively joining dissimilar transparent thermoplastics plays an important role in lightweight design in vehicles and automotive industry. However, their different physical–chemical properties hamper the welding of thermoplastics directly with diode laser. In this study, magnesium zinc alloy particles (MZAP) are chosen as laser-absorbent to join polycarbonate (PC) and polyarylsulfone (PASF) specimens. First, the comparison of PC/PASF weldments with different laser-absorbents was performed, including adding carbon black (CB) as laser-absorbents. The morphology and mechani-cal properties show the weldments prepared with MZAP have advantages of cleaner appearance and stronger shear strength. Furthermore, the fracture surface and joint microstructure reveal that the mechanical riveting structure, composed of defused MZAP and filled thermoplastics in the gaps between adjacent MZAP, forms when the MZAP was used as laser-absorbent. Comparing with CB aggregates, the fused MZAP has a stronger ability to resist external force and leads to a higher shear strength. Finally, the analysis of factors of MZAP feature reveals that the mechanical riveting structure contributes to improving the shear strength, the defects, such as creaks, holes and bubbles should be eliminated in the welding. The results of analysis of variance illustrated the particle size and the standoff distance are statistically significant for the shear strength. This study provides a potential avenue to effective weld dissimilar thermoplastics.

Structure, cytocompatibility and biodegradation of nanocrystalline coated Mg–Ca–Zn alloys

The study addresses the control of the biodegradation rate of the magnesium–zinc–calcium (Mg–Ca–Zn) alloy, and improvement of its biocorrosion resistance and cytocompatibility using titanium nitride (TiN) coating deposited by magnetron sputtering. Testing of the structure, phase and elemental composition, biocorrosion and cytocompatibility showed the efficiency of this coating technique. A corrosion-resistant biocompatible coating on the Mg alloy was developed, which comprises a dense nanostructured layer of titanium nitride 1 μm thick. The TiN coating exhibited corrosion protection for up to 4 weeks without shape loss and mass. The level of cell viability and their appearance showed a high cytocompatibility of the TiN layer.