Magnesium Sulfate Treatment Research Articles

SALT SUBSTITUTES IN CANNED LUNCHEON MEAT

ABSTRACTPotassium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium sulfate were used to replace 50% of the ionic strength of the sodium chloride in a luncheon meat product. The magnesium chloride treatment had a higher cook yield while all four treatments resulted in lower (P ≥ 0.05) thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values than the control. Samples from the calcium chloride and magnesium chloride treatments were lighter (P ≥ 0.05) in color than the control, suggesting that these two adjuncts were detrimental to product color. Total lipid content of the magnesium chloride treatment, which had a correspondingly higher cook yield, was greater (P > 0.05) than the other treatments. Cholesterol content of the magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, and magnesium sulfate treatments was higher (P ≥ 0.05) than the control. These results suggest that potassium chloride is a viable replacement for up to 50% of the ionic strength of sodium chloride in luncheon meat without any deleterious effects on product quality.

SALT SUBSTITUTES IN RESTRUCTURED HAM

ABSTRACTPotassium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium sulfate were incorporated to individually substitute 50% of the ionic strength of the sodium chloride in restructured ham. The calcium chloride, magnesium chloride and magnesium sulfate treatments resulted in significantly lower cook yields while those samples with calcium chloride exhibited significantly higher thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values compared to the four other treatments. The calcium chloride and magnesium sulfate treatments produced hams that had significantly different “L”, “a”, and “b” values compared with the control. The total lipid and cholesterol contents of the various treatments were not significantly different.

Magnesium Sulfate Pharmacokinetics: Pregnant Capra Hircus Model

A comparison of standard clinical regimens for the administration of magnesium sulfate for treatment of preeclampsia was performed in the pregnant goat model. The regimen of intravenous or intramuscular load and intramuscular maintenance championed by Pritchard was found to yield higher maternal serum levels through the first 4 hours of treatment compared with intravenous load with intravenous maintenance therapy (p less than 0.05); however, neither regimen affected the concentration of magnesium ion in the cerebrospinal fluid. Urinary excretion of magnesium and passage into the amniotic fluid were also evaluated for each route of administration and neither accounted for the disparity in serum concentrations noted during the first 4 hours of magnesium therapy.

Does magnesium sulfate treat eclamptic seizures? Yes.

Contradictory statements are found in medical literature about magnesium sulfate as treatment for eclampsia. They vary from the drug of choice in North America for impending convulsions or frank eclampsia... standard by which all others must be assessed1through the use of intravenous magnesium is time honored but has been discouraged in recent years2to ... magnesium sulfate does not treat eclamptic convulsions.3As might be expected, same literature does not report controlled clinical trials evaluating magnesium sulfate treatment. However, empirical evidence4-7justifies a positive reaction to question Does magnesium sulfate treat eclamptic convulsions? Reports from large obstetric units describing patient management over many years favor use of magnesium sulfate. Some believe therapeutic response to magnesium sulfate, hydralazine, and early delivery is so self-evident as to provoke little controversy.6 Eclampsia is a disorder unique to pregnancy and puerperium. It is

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of magnesium in patients with preeclampsia after treatment with intravenous magnesium sulfate: A preliminary report

The purpose of this study is twofold: (1) to correlate magnesium levels of serum with those of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with preeclampsia receiving intravenous magnesium sulfate, and (2) to determine whether the magnesium ion crosses the blood-brain barrier in significant amounts after intravenous magnesium sulfate therapy. Of the 21 patients in whom spinal anesthesia was used for delivery, ten patients with preeclampsia with therapeutic serum magnesium levels made up the study group and 11 term nontreated normotensive gravid women served as controls. At the time of spinal anesthesia, a 1 ml aliquot of cerebrospinal fluid was obtained from each patient. The mean cerebrospinal fluid magnesium level for the control group was 2.56 +/- 0.19 mg/dl (range 2.2 to 2.8 mg/dl). For the preeclamptic group who received intravenous magnesium sulfate, the mean cerebrospinal fluid magnesium level was 3.04 +/- 0.12 mg/dl (range 2.9 to 3.2 mg/dl). Although only a small amount of magnesium crosses the blood-brain barrier after intravenous magnesium sulfate treatment, this increment is highly significant (p less than 0.001).

Effect of maternal magnesium sulfate treatment on fetal heart rate variability.

The effect of maternal magnesium sulfate treatment on fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) was evaluated by comparing the maternal serum magnesium level drawn during labor to the degree of FHRV seen concurrently on fetal rate heart monitor strips. The records of 57 patients treated with intravenous magnesium sulfate for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were studied. Fetal heart rate variability was measured by both subjective assessment and objective measurement. The difference in beats/min between the average high and low fetal heart rates, at the time the magnesium level obtained, was used as the objective measurement. Labor records were reviewed and neonatal outcome recorded. Data from individual patients not treated with analgesics were analyzed separately in addition. Statistical methods used included analysis of variance, Student's t-test, and Chi square analysis. The range of magnesium levels was 2.3-7.4 mEq/L. Thirty-four women had single determinations of magnesium levels and 23 had multiple determinations. Statistical analysis showed no significant change in FHRV with increasing maternal magnesium levels. In addition, no significant effect of maternal magnesium level on FHRV was noted in the group that did not receive meperidine, morphine, or epidural anesthesia. Neonatal outcome, assessed by Apgar scores, did not vary with maternal magnesium level. We conclude that maternal magnesium sulfate treatment, in the therapeutic ranges normally obtained, does not significantly affect fetal heart rate variability.

Magnesium sulfate levels in breast milk: Cruikshank D, Varner M, Pitkin R. Breast milk magnesium and calcium concentrations following magnesium sulfate treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol 143;685. 1982

Magnesium sulfate levels in breast milk: Cruikshank D, Varner M, Pitkin R. Breast milk magnesium and calcium concentrations following magnesium sulfate treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol 143;685. 1982

Breast milk magnesium and calcium concentrations following magnesium sulfate treatment

Intrapartum magnesium sulfate treatment increases breast milk/colostrum magnesium levels significantly for only 24 hours after discontinuation of the infusion. After 24 hours, milk magnesium levels are the same as those of control subjects. The breast-fed infant of a treated mother would receive only 1.5 mg of magnesium more than the infant of a nontreated mother. Breast milk/colostrum calcium levels are not affected by magnesium sulfate therapy.

STUDIES ON THE MAGNESIUM CONTENT OF MIXED HERBAGE AND SOME INDIVIDUAL GRASS AND CLOVER SPECIES

The magnesium contents of mixed herbage and four individual grass and clover species were studied under four treatments—control, magnesium sulphate, magnesian limestone and carboniferous limestone.The magnesium values were lowest in the spring and early summer and then increased to maximum values by the autumn. The seasonal variations, however, differed appreciably from year to year.The effect of magnesian limestone on the magnesium content of mixed herbage was relatively small in the year of application, but increased during the following years and reached a maximum in the fourth year after application. The increase in magnesium uptake from the magnesium sulphate treatment was small after the first year, whilst carboniferous limestone slightly depressed the magnesium content. This depression, however, was very small and probably of no practical significance.The magnesium content of red clover was about 50% higher than that of Italian ryegrass, cocksfoot and white clover. In the second year after application magnesian limestone had a much greater effect on the magnesium content of the clovers than on that of the grasses.

“Red Back” Spider Bite and Magnesium Sulphate Treatment

Spiders are found everywhere, and though the majority are harmless the few that are poisonous are often underestimated in their harmfulness. Of the poisonous varieties, the Latrodectus mactans, more commonly called in the United States of America the “Black Widow” (because of its color which is shiny black and its habit of killing its mate), and the clinical manifestations following its bite, are familiar to American and Latin American physicians because of the prevalence of the spider in the United States, especially in the southern and western states, and in South America. Bogen (1) states that 150 cases have been reported by thirty physicians in the United States alone. I wish to invite the attention of those who are interested in the clinical aspect of spider bite to a special kind of poisonous spider commonly found in some parts of the Philippines, particularly Mindanao and neighboring islands.

Magnesium Sulphate Treatment of Acute Diseases of the Biliary Passages.

Magnesium Sulphate Treatment of Acute Diseases of the Biliary Passages.

The intravenous magnesium sulphate treatment of eclampsia. A collective report of 142 cases: E. M. Laxard, John C. Irwin and John Vruwink, Los Angles. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, July, 1926

The intravenous magnesium sulphate treatment of eclampsia. A collective report of 142 cases: E. M. Laxard, John C. Irwin and John Vruwink, Los Angles. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, July, 1926

The intravenous magnesium sulphate treatment of eclampsia: A collective report of 142 cases

The intravenous magnesium sulphate treatment of eclampsia: A collective report of 142 cases

On the determination of ammonia, by the Folin method, in urines containing crystalline ammonio-magnesium phosphate

Last fall during the progress of the metabolism research that is described in the abstract immediately preceding this, certain anomalous results were obtained in our quantitative determinations of the urinary ammonia. In the earlier periods of that research, urinary ammonia had been determined, by the Folin method, in the urines in duplicate for 38 days, with thoroughly concordant results. Shortly after the beginning of a metabolism period, however, during which magnesium sulfate was injected subcutaneously every twenty four hours, the titrations in duplicate (at the conclusion of the Folin process as applied to the daily urines), were strikingly discordant, the disagreements amounting to from 1 to 2 c.c. of n/5 KOH per 25 c.c. of urine.Our inability to obtain satisfactory duplicate results for urinary ammonia content after the magnesium sulfate treatment, or to explain the analytic discrepancies by any probable fault of technique, led us to make two general suppositions regarding the cause of the analyti...