Nano Magnesium Oxide Research Articles

Influence of nanomagnesium oxide fillers on tensile and impact strength of banana fibre-reinforced epoxy composites

Influence of nanomagnesium oxide fillers on tensile and impact strength of banana fibre-reinforced epoxy composites

Comparative Evaluation of Novel Intracanal Medicaments on the Sealing Integrity of the Root Canal System: An In Vitro Study.

This study aims to evaluate and compare the sealing integrity of endodontically treated teeth after the placement of novel nanoparticle-based intracanal medicaments through dye penetration. Total samples (n=56) with different experimental intracanal medicaments group 1: nano calcium oxide (nCaO) + propylene glycol (PPG) 400, group 2: nano zinc oxide (nZnO) + PPG400, group 3: nano magnesium oxide (nMgO) + PPG400, group 4: metapaste (control) were randomly divided for qualitative (n=28) and quantitative (n=28) analysis to determine the sealing integrity. The statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, student t-test, and IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20 (Released 2011; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, USA), followed by determining sealing integrity using qualitative assay and quantitative assay. Highly significant differences (p<0.0001) were observed between all four groups during intragroup comparison for qualitative assay. The nCaO-based intracanal medicament showed the maximum linear measurements of 2% methylene blue dye penetrated compared to metapaste. However, intragroup comparison for quantitative assay had non-significant differences (p<0.0001). All intracanal medicaments allowed some leakage to occur. Minimum dye penetration was observed with the metapaste group (control) followed by nano zinc oxide (nZnO) + PPG400, nano magnesium oxide (nMgO) + PPG400, and maximum dye was absorbed with nano calcium oxide (nCaO) + PPG400.

Treatment of turbine blades in electric power stations by adding nano oxides to the matrix material (Al80-Ni20)

Abstract A base material of Al80-Ni20 was used and mixed with variable proportions of Nano chromium oxide (Cr2O3) at percentages of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%, as well as with Nano magnesium oxide (MgO) at percentages of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%. These mixtures were then applied using the thermal spraying method with a flame. This particular method is commonly used for repairing cracks and protecting turbine blades in electric power stations from external corrosion. However, it is important to note that this method may face challenges when exposed to high-temperature water vapour, salts and other working conditions experienced by turbine blades. Samples were prepared by thermally sintering the coating at 1000 °C for two hours. Various measurements were performed to assess the structural properties using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), as well as other physical tests such as porosity, hardness, adhesion strength and frictional wear. The SEM analysis revealed that the presence of 10% Cr2O3 resulted in a surface that was uniformly free from external defects, whereas the addition of MgO led to a less homogeneous surface. The physical data obtained indicated a preference for Cr2O3, as evidenced by the porosity results (4.5%) observed after thermal sintering at 10%, as well as the hardness (193 HV), adhesion strength (40 MPa) and wear (2.90 × 10−5 g cm−1) measurements. Moreover, the analyses of the properties of MgO under the same conditions included porosity (10%), hardness (155 HV), adhesion strength (35 MPa) and wear (5.50 × 10−5 g cm−1).

Nano magnesium oxide and nano iron oxide on growth and yield of European cucumber

Nano magnesium oxide and nano iron oxide on growth and yield of European cucumber

Sustainable production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using magnesium oxide nano catalyst: An optimization study

Biodiesel is rapidly becoming an efficient substitute for fuel and a potentially significant future renewable energy source. In recent years, used cooking oil has been used as a feedstock for biofuel to reduce production costs. Due to its high catalytic activity, low cost, and eco-friendliness, Nano magnesium oxide (MgO) has attracted attention as a catalyst for biodiesel production. Our work presents the preparation of nanomagnesium oxide (MgO) by the sol–gel method, and its characterization. Optimum conditions and the productive combination of waste cooking oil, methanol, and the synthesized nanocatalyst were predicted using response surface methodology. The optimum conditions were methanol to oil ratio of 7:1, temperature of 50 °C and time of 60 min. The expected values for the yield of biodiesel production responses are quite like the actual values, demonstrating the consistency of the models used for establishing a relationship between the independent process variables and the responses. The predicted model's F-value was 9.09 indicating that the model is significant. The model's pure error had a poor correlation, as the "Lack of Fit F-values” 4.16. The quadratic model fits the data well because the R-squared value for the model equation 92%. The expected values for the yield of biodiesel production responses are quite like the actual values, demonstrating the consistency of the models used for establishing a relationship between the independent process variables and the responses. Biodiesel was characterized using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Preparation of nano magnesium oxide by mechanochemical method using magnesium chloride

Magnesium chloride is a magnesium resource that is widely present in seawater and salt lakes. Therefore, the use of magnesium chloride is of great significance for the low-cost preparation of high-performance magnesium materials. In this work, mechanical ball milling was used for the preparation of magnesium oxide nanoparticles from magnesium chloride. Ball milling improves the unevenness of the reaction process and generates magnesium oxide with a more uniform particle size distribution. First, a magnesium chloride complex was obtained by heating and evaporating a mixture of magnesium chloride and ethanol with a mass ratio of 1:2 at 110 °C. Next, pure magnesium hydroxide with a smaller crystal size was obtained by ball milling the prepared magnesium chloride complex with calcium hydroxide at 600 rpm for 3 h. Finally, the magnesium hydroxide was calcined at 1000 °C for 60 min to obtain nano magnesium oxide particles with a particle size of 670 nm.

Effect of OBS additive on dispersion of MgO in fluorocarbon solvent and deacidification for paper with different ages

Improving the dispersion or suspension of magnesium oxide micro/nanoparticles in fluorocarbon solvent is the key to ensure the efficient and stable deacidification of paper. Here, we chose a dispersant of sodium perfluorononenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS), to improve the dispersion stability of nano magnesium oxide (nano MgO) in a fluorocarbon solvent without affecting original performance of paper, and then optimized deacidification performance of paper. After addition of OBS, nano MgO was able to stably disperse in fluorocarbon solvent for up to 1 h. With 0.1 wt% OBS, nano MgO could have excellent deacidification effect and good alkali reserves on paper with different ages. In addition, the physical properties had been slightly impacted. MgO is uniformly dispersed in the cross-section of paper fibers, contributing to increasing the strength of paper sheet. Moreover, the paper still showed good resistance to acidification after dry-heat aging. Overall, this work provides an effective and simple paper deacidification method.

Degradation of phenol from water by Rhodococcus ruber promoted by MgO nanoparticles

How to improve the treatment efficiency has always been a key problem that needs to be solved in the bio-degradation of phenolic pollutant. The nanomaterials could improve the activity and tolerance of microorganisms, as well as the metabolic efficiency for pollutants under certain conditions. In this research, the effect of nano magnesium oxide (Nano-MgO) on the degradation of phenol by Rhodococcus ruber ATCC 31338 was studied. Moreover, the degradation mechanism of Rhodococcus ruber and Nano-MgO composite system was studied. Results showed that the addition of Nano-MgO could improve the phenol removal efficiency. With the presence of Nano-MgO at 100 mg/L to 300 mg/L, Rhodococcus ruber showed better growth and efficiency in removing phenol. However, when the concentration of Nano-MgO achieved 400 mg/L, the growth of Rhodococcus ruber was inhibited. Enzyme activity experiments suggested that the presence of Nano-MgO had a significant positive effect on the enzyme activity of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C12O) and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O), especially to C23O. The present of Nano-MgO might change the cleavage pathway of catechol. In addition, phosphorus is a limiting factor for the growth of Rhodococcus ruber. The addition of MgO-P materials prepared by encapsulating phosphorus on Nano-MgO can achieve efficient degradation of phenol by Rhodococcus ruber in the phosphorus loss system. This result also proved that nanomaterials can enhance the removal efficiency of organic matter by microorganisms. This study could provide a new solution for improving the microbial degradation rate of phenolic substances.

Photocatalytic, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of biocompatible MgO flake-like nanostructures created using Piper betle leaf extract

In this study, biocompatible magnesium oxide (MgO) nanostructures were synthesized using an aqueous solution of Piper betle leaf methanolic extract. The color change during the synthesis process, i.e., colorless to dark brown solution, indicates the formation of MgO nano structures which is further confirmed through UV–Visible spectrum that exhibited characteristic absorption band at 329 nm. Results obtained from morphological analysis reveal that MgO nano flakes (MgO NFs) are present as triangular and polyhedral shapes having an average size ranging between 150 and 200 nm with clear lattice fringes. Secondary metabolites were clearly identified from the FTIR spectrum, and they helped in reduction and stabilization during the synthesis of MgO NFs. The XRD pattern displayed Braggs planes of (111), (220), (220), (311), and (222) with a face centered cubic (FCC) structure, which was further confirmed from the SAED pattern using HRTEM analysis. The as-synthesized MgO NFs manifested profound antimicrobial activity against gram positive as well as gram-negative bacteria with favorable biocompatibility. Furthermore, methylene orange dye was degraded almost completely (98.36 %) in the presence of MgO NFs photo catalysts within 1 h of sunlight illumination. In addition, MgO NFs displayed high level of antioxidant properties with recorded IC50 value of 15.89 μg/ml.

An nMgO containing scaffold: Antibacterial activity, degradation properties and cell responses.

Bone repair failure caused by implant-related infections is a common and troublesome problem. In this study, an antibacterial scaffold was developed via selective laser sintering with incorporating nano magnesium oxide (nMgO) to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). The results indicated the scaffold exerted high antibacterial activity. The antibacterial mechanism was that nMgO could cause oxidative damage and mechanical damage to bacteria through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and direct contact action, respectively, which resulted in the damage of their structures and functions. Besides, nMgO significantly increased the compressive properties of the scaffold including strength and modulus, due to its excellent mechanical properties and uniform dispersion in the PHBV matrix. Moreover, the degradation tests indicated nMgO neutralized the acid degradation products of PHBV and benefited the degradation of the scaffold. The cell culture demonstrated that nMgO promoted the cellular adhesion and proliferation, as well as osteogenic differentiation. The present work may open the door to exploring nMgO as a promising antibacterial material for tissue engineering.

The Efficacy of Nano Magnesium Oxide and Nano Silver Fluoride on Canal Cleanliness and Smear Layer Removal (An In Vitro Study).

The Efficacy of Nano Magnesium Oxide and Nano Silver Fluoride on Canal Cleanliness and Smear Layer Removal (An In Vitro Study).

Novel nano magnesium oxide modified hybrid emulsion for antimicrobial coating

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an inorganic-organic hybrid emulsion polymer using grafted hyperbranched alkyd modified with nanometal oxide and to study the performance of the developed hybrid emulsion in paint formulation with respect to antimicrobial and other properties. Design/methodology/approach A novel hybrid emulsion polymer was synthesized by grafting of vinyl acetate (VAM), vinyl ester of versatic acid (VeoVa 10) monomers onto hyperbranched alkyd resin and incorporation of nano magnesium oxide (MgO) into the hybrid resin matrix during dispersion of resin in water. Subsequently, paint was prepared by using this hybrid emulsion followed by a performance study. Findings The performance of nano MgO modified into VAM and VeoVa 10 grafted hyperbranched alkyd resulted in unique properties of coating especially antimicrobial activity. Research limitations/implications In the present study, soya fatty acid, polyol and di basic acid have been used to prepare hyperbranched alkyd by condensation polymerization. Monomers like VAM and VeoVa 10 used for grafting onto hyperbranched alkyd and nano MgO have been incorporated into hybrid resin matrix during emulsification of hybrid resin in water. Practical implications Grafting of VAM and VeoVa 10 onto hyperbranched alkyd along with in situ incorporation of nano MgO in resin matrix is an effective technique to achieve excellent coating properties. Originality/value Nano MgO modified VAM and VeoVa 10 grafted hyperbranched alkyd-based hybrid emulsion can be used as binder in water-based metal primer, direct to metal (DTM) coating as well as topcoat application. The developed system has antimicrobial properties as well as superior mechanical properties.

Engineered MgO nanoparticles for cartilage-bone synergistic therapy.

The emerging therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis (OA) are shifting toward comprehensive approaches that target periarticular tissues, involving both cartilage and subchondral bone. This shift drives the development of single-component therapeutics capable of acting on multiple tissues and cells. Magnesium, an element essential for maintaining skeletal health, shows promise in treating OA. However, the precise effects of magnesium on cartilage and subchondral bone are not yet clear. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of Mg2+ on OA, unveiling its protective effects on both cartilage and bone at the cellular and animal levels. The beneficial effect on the cartilage-bone interaction is primarily mediated by the PI3K/AKT pathway. In addition, we developed poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres loaded with nano-magnesium oxide modified with stearic acid (SA), MgO&SA@PLGA, for intra-articular injection. These microspheres demonstrated remarkable efficacy in alleviating OA in rat models, highlighting their translational potential in clinical applications.

Enhancing capillary action of acidified paper to achieve uniform deacidification and long-lasting aging resistance

Deacidification is a necessary and urgent means of protecting acidified paper documents. However, the contradiction between deacidification efficiency and uniformity in existing aqueous or organic phase deacidification methods has not been resolved yet, which is mainly attributed to the differences in capillary action of paper on solvents with different polarities. In this work, a strategy of two-phase deacidification was proposed to achieve efficient and uniform deacidification and long-lasting aging resistance. Impregnation of nano magnesium oxide organic dispersion of deacidified paper achieved efficient batch deacidification and sufficient alkali reserve. Using ultrasonic atomization of saturated calcium hydroxide aqueous solution, the penetration of alkaline substances into paper promoted uniform deacidification based on strong capillary action. Meanwhile, microstructural reinforcement of paper fibers was achieved based on the multiple interactions. This method can endow the treated paper with better thermal stability and long-lasting aging resistance. After artificial accelerated aging for 30 d, the treated paper samples still maintained the highest tensile index (18.46 Nm/g), folding endurance (8.5 times), tear index (3.95 mN·m2/g) and displayed negligible chromatic aberration (∆E = 2.46 ± 0.21). This method greatly extends the lifespan of acidified paper, which has significant value for the protection of paper documents.

Preparation of Nano Magnesium Oxide Loaded with Syrian Inula Plant Extract And Study of antibacterial activity Against Vibrio cholera

Preparation of Nano Magnesium Oxide Loaded with Syrian Inula Plant Extract And Study of antibacterial activity Against Vibrio cholera

Behavior of clayey soil treated with nano magnesium oxide material

Clayey soils are spread in many countries and require significant improvement. Recently, nanomaterial have been entered to the geotechnical research as a treatment material. Current study utilized magnesium oxide (MgO) as an additive to enhance swelling potential, compressibility characteristics, and index properties of clayey soil from Mosul city using different content of nano-MgO and under varies curing periods. The results showed that the free swell and swell pressure of the soil specimens have been reduced by 25%, and 19%, respectively for 0.25, and 0.75% content of nano material under 3 days of curing time at 25C. Results also showed that the compressibility characteristic represented by the compression index parameter has been reduced by 20.3% for 0.75% of nano-MgO material. Moreover, the soil plasticity index exhibited a maximum increase at 0.75% of nano content. Moreover, results showed that the pH value increased while the electrical conductivity (EC) decreased with the nano-MgO content. To evaluate the curing time effect, specimens were cured for varies curing time under curing temperature of 25 ºC. Then, the free swell, swell pressure, compression index, and Atterberg limits were measured. The results revealed that the free swell and swell pressure for both untreated and treated specimens were reduced during different periods of curing time. Furthermore, the compression index of treated soil was reduced by approximately half for curing time of 28 days. In sum, the swelling and consolidation reduction with curing brought significant improvement and promising results for the treated samples.

Study on using nano magnesium oxide (MNMgO) nanoparticles as fuel additives in terebinth oil biodiesel blends in a research diesel engine

ABSTRACT In this study, the effect of adding metal nano magnesium oxide (MNMgO) to a diesel-biodiesel blend on combustion and emissions was investigated. Firstly, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine that the unsaturated fatty acid content of Terebinth oil (TO) was 76.4%. Then, the free fatty acid value (%FFA) of TO was calculated to be 5.8%, indicating that the biodiesel production needed to be carried out in two stages. The conversion of triglycerides to methyl esters was confirmed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) at a wavelength of 1438.8 cm-1. The produced biodiesel and MnMgO were mixed with diesel fuel in certain proportions to prepare experimental fuels. The fuels were tested under variable loads and at a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm. The results obtained show that MNMgO reduced carbon monoxide (CO) emissions by an average of 10.23% and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions by 17.18%, but increased nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions by 2.21%. Additionally, there was a 1.67% increase in cylinder pressure (%CP) and a 7.82% increase in the net heat release rate (%NHRR), while the mean gas temperature (MGT) value decreased by 0.52%.

Transforming calcium carbonate–silicate wastes into steel protective coatings

This work focused on developing an innovative steel protective coating, in which calcium carbonate (CC) is the primary precursor. Mixing sodium silicate solution with CC-powder induced calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) formation binding phase via the cationic exchange reaction. Incorporating lead glass sludge and glass waste, as environmentally friendly silicate rich source alternative to sodium silicate, enhanced the creation of CSH binding phase, which is associated with an increase in the compaction of the resulted coating’s microstructure. Using prepared coatings on the surface of steel rebars improved their resistance to chloride-induced corrosion. The coated steel containing lead glass sludge was found to represent the higher affinity to mitigate chloride diffusion, as it recorded polarization resistance (Rp) (480 kΩ/cm2) higher than that reference steel reinforcement (39 kΩ/cm2) at 3 months of immersion in seawater. Utilizing nano magnesia (nM) as an additive to the protective coating with lead glass sludge results in a further improvement in the coated steel against chloride-induced-corrosion. An additional magnesium silicate hydrate (MSH) binder was formed, resulting in remarkable improvements in the compactness of the coating's microstructure. This innovative approach is different from traditional methods for producing reactive calcium oxide through thermal treatment of CC at higher temperatures. Reactive calcium is produced through the cationic exchange reaction at room temperature, reflecting a reduction in CO2 emissions, minimizing processing costs and energy demands. Unlike the alkali-activated aluminosilicate-based coatings, the prepared coatings represent high commercial viability and low cost. Additionally, due to the properties of calcium carbonate, which are independent of its source, these coatings can be globally standardized. However, before applying this coating to different surfaces, it is crucial to address its mechanical properties and durability against various aggressive media. These aspects will be the primary focus of our future work.

Evaluation of Nanomagnesium Oxide in Combination with Garlic Extract as an Endodontic Irrigant: An In Vitro Study.

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of garlic extract in combination with magnesium oxide (MgO) for use as an endodontic irrigant at various contact times. All 48 teeth were divided into 6 groups according to irrigation used after inoculation with Enterococcus faecalis and incubation. The control groups consisted of saline and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) used as irrigants and the test groups employed garlic extract combined with nano-magnesium oxide (nano-MgO) used as irrigant with two contact times, namely, 2 and 5 minutes, and garlic extract and nano-MgO used solely for 5 minutes each. Colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted after plating and incubation. In NaOCl, and in both combination groups, there was a significant reduction in CFU counts. The saline group showed no decrease. Statistical analysis showed no difference in efficacy between NaOCl and the two combination groups. There was a statistical difference between the combination group and garlic/nano-MgO alone at both 2 and 5 minutes. Under the conditions of this study, a novel irrigant, a combination of nanoparticles of MgO and garlic extract was as effective as NaOCl against E. faecalis in an in vitro model at two tested contact times. Combination of MgO nanoparticles and garlic extract achieves disinfection comparable to gold standard NaOCl without harmful caustic effects of hypochlorite.

Effect of oxide nanoparticles on soil water retention curve and soil tensile strength

Generally, nanotechnology plays very important roles in various applied scientific fields. Iron and magnesium nanoparticles can cause positive or negative changes in physical and mechanical properties of soil, especially in long periods. The aim of this study was to investigate multi-year effects of nanoparticles on soil water retention and tensile strength of the aggregates. Samples of a loamy soil were mixed with 1%, 3%, and 5% levels of MgO or Fe3O4 nanoparticles, in three replications, and incubated for three years. Water contents were measured at different matric suctions of 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 30, 100, 1500 kPa. The van Genuchten model was fitted to the moisture data. Tensile strength was measured on 2–4 mm aggregates at matric suctions of 30 and 1500 kPa. The results of this research showed that the levels of 1% and 3% of nano-iron oxide significantly increased water retention to 0.64 and 0.63, respectively, compared to the control (0.39) and 5% nano-magnesium oxide (0.19), which is probably due to the increase of adsorption surfaces in the treated soils. Water content at field capacity and permanent wilting point conditions in 5% magnesium nano-oxide treatment were decreased to 0.25 and 0.13, respectively, compared to other treatments, due to the increased soil vulnerability and affecting soil fine pores. Iron oxide nanoparticles did not have any significant effect on soil tensile strength. Based on the results of this study, physical and mechanical properties of soil could be affected by use of nanoparticles.