Magnesium Levels Research Articles

Effects of intra-operative magnesium sulfate infusion on orthognathic surgery: A prospective and randomized controlled trial

PurposeTo comprehensively understand the effects of intra-operative infusion of magnesium sulfate on patients who underwent orthognathic surgery, including remifentanil consumption, postoperative pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), inflammatory response, and serum magnesium levels. MethodsSeventy-five adult patients undergoing orthognathic surgery under general balanced anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups. One group (Group M) received 50 mg/kg of magnesium sulfate in 20 mL 0.9 % saline after intubation, followed by a continuous infusion at a rate of 15 mg/kg/h until 30 min before the anticipated end of surgery. The other group (Group C) received an equal volume of isotonic saline as a placebo. (Clinical trial registration number: chiCTR2100045981). ResultsThe primary outcome was remifentanil consumption. The secondary outcomes included the pain score assessed using the verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS) and PONV assessed using a Likert scale. Remifentanil comsumption in Group M was lower than Group C (mean ± SD: 0.146 ± 0.04 μg/kg/min vs. 0.173 ± 0.04 μg/kg/min, P = 0.003). At 2 h after surgery, patients in Group C suffered more severe PONV than those in Group M (median [interquartile range, IQR]: 1 [3] vs. 1 [0], mean rank: 31.45 vs. 42.71, P = 0.040). At post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), postoperative pain in Group C was severe than Group M (3 [1] vs. 3 [0], mean rank: 31.45 vs. 42.71, P = 0.013). Changes in haemodynamics and surgical field scores did not differ between the groups (all P > 0.05). The levels of cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-a, and MIP-1β) were not significantly different between the groups after surgery (all P > 0.05). Postoperative serum magnesium levels in Group C were lower than those in Group M (0.74 ± 0.07 mmol/L vs. 0.91 ± 0.08 mmol/L, P = 0.000) and the preoperative level (0.74 ± 0.07 mmol/L vs. 0.83 ± 0.06 mmol/L, P = 0.219). ConclusionsIn orthognathic surgery, magnesium sulfate administration can reduce remifentanil requirement and relieve PONV and postoperative pain in the early postoperative phase.

A Study of the Relationship between Serum Magnesium Levels and Lipid Profile in Hypertensive patients on Diuretics

Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic universal health problem. It is considered an important changeable risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Diuretics are among the first-line medications for HTN treatment. Both thiazide-type diuretics and loop diuretics promote urinary loss of electrolytes such as magnesium. Magnesium has been studied for its important involvement in many physiological processes and biochemical pathways. It plays a significant role in regulating the activity of enzymes required in lipids and lipoproteins metabolism like HMG-CoA Reductase, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT). It is well documented that dyslipidemia is a general threat to health and should be determined early to manage cardiovascular disease (CVD) and prevent its complications. The goal of the current study was to investigate the association between serum magnesium levels and lipid profile components in hypertensive patients on long-term diuretics therapy. The study was conducted on 50 adult hypertensive patients and 25 matched healthy subjects at Tishreen University Hospital (TUH) of Lattakia City in Syria. The study showed a statistically significant decrease in serum magnesium concentrations in the patients group (1.87±0.16mg/dl) versus the controls (2.40±0.41mg/dl) (P<0.05). A significant negative correlation between magnesium and triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol was identified, while a significant positive correlation with HDL cholesterol was found. In conclusion, this study has showed that hypomagnesemia is related to increased levels of TC, LDL-c, TG and decreased levels of HDL-c, therefore, an increased risk of dyslipidemia in hypertensive patients on diuretics.

Association between serum levels of calcium, magnesium, iron and copper and insulin resistance in women with full blown and not-full blown phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome.

The aim of present study was to investigate the association between serum calcium, iron, magnesium, copper levels and insulin resistance in women with full blown phenotype of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared to women with not-full blown phenotype. 104 women, aged 18-39, in the first phase of menstrual cycle, diagnosed with PCOS based on the Rotterdam Criteria, were qualified for the study. Patients were divided into two groups: group I contained women with full blown PCOS (phenotype A) and group II contained women with not-full blown PCOS (phenotypes B, C and D). Whole study population was divided on group X containing women with proper insulin sensitivity and group Y containing women with insulin resistance. The study found that women with full blown PCOS had lower level of magnesium compared with not-full blown phenotypes. Also, the level of copper was lower in group with proper insulin sensitivity compared to group with insulin resistance. Serum cooper content showed a negative correlation with Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) in group with full blown phenotype. Magnesium level showed positive correlation with level of calcium and cooper in group with proper insulin sensitivity. Level of iron content showed a negative correlation with sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and HOMA-IR showed a positive correlation with age and body mass index (BMI) in group with insulin resistance. Either level of calcium showed positive correlation with iron and cooper in group with insulin resistance.

Could Phosphorous MR Spectroscopy Help Predict the Severity of Vasospasm? A Pilot Study.

One of the main causes of the dismal prognosis in patients who survive the initial bleeding after aneurysmal subarachnoidal hemorrhage is the delayed cerebral ischaemia caused by vasospasm. Studies suggest that cerebral magnesium and pH may potentially play a role in the pathophysiology of this adverse event. Using phosphorous magnetic resonance spectrocopy (31P-MRS), we calculated the cerebral magnesium (Mg) and pH levels in 13 patients who suffered from aSAH. The values between the group that developed clinically significant vasospasm (n = 7) and the group that did not (n = 6) were compared. The results of this study show significantly lower cerebral Mg levels (p = 0.019) and higher pH levels (p < 0.001) in the cumulative group (all brain voxels together) in patients who developed clinically significant vasospasm. Further clinical studies on a larger group of carefully selected patients are needed in order to predict clinically significant vasospasm.

Comparison of trace elements in peripheral blood and bone marrow of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients.

Trace elements are essential micronutrients for the human body. Their roles are indispensable, as they are involved in a wide range of vital biological processes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate alterations in trace elements in the blood and bone marrow serum of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NMM). The levels of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), selenium (Se), arsenic (As), boron (B), nickel (Ni), silicon (Si) and chromium (Cr) were analyzed in the venous blood samples of the patient group comprising 70 patients with NMM (41 males and 29 females) and compared to those in the control group comprising 30 individuals (18 males and 12 females). In addition, trace element levels were analyzed in bone marrow samples from the patient group. Blood and bone marrow serum levels were quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. When the blood samples of the patient and control groups were compared: Zn (p = 0.011), Fe (p = 0.008), Mn (p = 0.046), Se (p < 0.001), As (p < 0.001), Ni (p < 0.001) and Cr (p < 0.001) levels were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. Higher Zn, Fe, Mn, Se, As, Ni and Cr levels in the NMM patients suggest that alterations of trace elements could be predisposing factor that initiates the malignant process. The relationship between malignancies and trace elements is crucial for the development of adjuvant therapy strategies and preventive medicine and as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Therefore, there is a need for studies examining the relationship between hematological malignancies and trace elements.

Comparative Bioactive Compounds and Mineral Properties of South African and Lesotho Artemisia afra (Jacq.) Genotypes.

Artemisia afra is a plant that grows in the northern, central, and coastal regions of South Africa, as well as in neighboring countries such as Eswatini and Lesotho. These phytochemicals can be used as active compounds in plant-based medicine. Therefore, it is important to determine how plant minerals and phytochemicals, particularly bioactive compounds, are affected by the geolocation in which they grow. This study aimed to evaluate the mineral and phytochemical properties of A. afra genotypes in the southern regions of Africa. Leaf samples of A. afra genotypes were collected from Lesotho, in Mohale's Hoek and Roma. In South Africa, leaf samples were collected in Wepener and Hobhouse, and 80 plants were randomly selected for phytochemical and mineral analyses. This study reveals that phosphorus, calcium, potassium, iron, and zinc loaded positively to the first principal component, while copper loaded positively to the second principal component with variabilities of 29.95% and 21.12%, respectively. Furthermore, both the Mohale's Hoek and Hobhouse genotypes exhibited relatively high levels of ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins. It is worth noting that genotypes from Roma and Wepener showed higher levels of foliar magnesium. Thus, the Mohale's Hoek and Hobhouse genotypes could be recommended for their better phytochemical contents.

Frequency of Hypomagnesemia and Its Relationship With Severity Among Patients of Acute Ischemic Stroke Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of hypomagnesemia and its association with the severity of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients presenting at a tertiary care hospital. Methodology A total of 100 patients with AIS were included in the study. Demographic data, including age, gender, and severity of stroke, were collected. Serum magnesium levels were measured at admission, and the severity of stroke was classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on clinical criteria. The presence of hypomagnesemia was defined as a serum magnesium level below 1.8 mg/dL determined within 72 hours of onset of stroke. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the association between hypomagnesemia, stroke severity, age, and gender. Results The mean age of the patients with standard deviation was 65.45 ± 11.8 years, with the majority (38, 38%) aged 60-74 years. There were 53 (53%) male and 47 (47%) female patients. Hypomagnesemia was found in 35 (35%) patients, with an average magnesium level of 1.93 mg/dL and a standard deviation of 0.37 at admission. There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of stroke severity (P = 0.779; P = 0.406) or hypomagnesemia (P = 0.287; P = 0.591) based on gender or age group, respectively. Stratification based on stroke severity showed that 16 (39%) patients with mild stroke, 10 (31.3%) with moderate stroke, and 9 (33.3%) with severe stroke had hypomagnesemia. The correlation between stroke severity and hypomagnesemia was weak (r = 0.099). Further, among hypomagnesemia patients, the majority were females aged 60-74 years. Conclusions This study found a weak positive relationship between the severity of AIS and the presence of hypomagnesemia. However, no statistically significant association was observed between gender or age group and stroke severity or hypomagnesemia. These findings suggest that further research is needed to understand the role of hypomagnesemia in AIS and its potential implications for patient management.

Quality Evaluation, health risk Assessment, and geographic origin tracing of Ophiocordyceps sinensis through mineral element analysis

Ophiocordyceps sinensis (OS) is a unique and precious medicinal fungus endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, growing underground for the majority of its lifecycle. The mineral composition of OS is a distinctive feature, yet there is currently a lack of comprehensive mineral profiles. The concerns regarding excessive heavy metals and associated health risks significantly impact the development of the OS industry. Furthermore, OS samples from various production areas exhibit distinct qualities, resulting in significant price differences. Mineral profiles hold great potential for origin tracing. Consequently, there is an urgent need for quality evaluation, health risk assessment, and geographic origin tracing of OS by mineral element analysis. Here, 96 OS samples were collected from the representative producing areas in China to investigate their mineral profiles by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Potassium (K) was found to be the most abundant mineral in the OS samples, with a mean content of 10.73 g/kg. High levels of phosphor (P), sulfur (S) and magnesium (Mg) were also detected with concentrations exceeding 1 g/kg. The mean concentrations of total arsenic in all OS samples were determined to be 8.33 mg/kg. The OS from Nagqu exhibited a relatively high quality with lower levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic. Health risk assessment based on the total target hazard quotient (THQ) value of heavy metals of Zn, Mn, Fe, copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), Pb and Cd indicated that consumption of OS from China did not pose an obvious risk to human health at the ingestion rate declared by the Chinese Pharmacopeia. Finally, three orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models were constructed using 75 samples to trace the geographic origins. These models successfully authenticated OS samples from six producing areas and confirmed by 21 blind test samples with 90.48 % accuracy. These results affirmed that OS from different regions possessed distinct metal profiles, which could be utilized to authenticate the geographic origins of O. sinensis.

Review on Almond as Pharmaceutical Aid Author name

An almond is also known as the "king of Nuts''. Almonds generally belong to the family of Rose called Rosacea. The Scientific name of Almond is Prunes dulcis. If you are looking for a versatile oil, you must try almond oil. It is made from two types of plum almonds: Sweet almonds, Bitter almonds. Its anti-inflammatory, immunity-boosting, and cardiovascular benefits help you better control the fats in your body. Sweet almond oil is the best for your skin type. Most of the health benefits associated with almond oil come from its high content of healthy fats. Almond sources include vitamin E oil (tocopherol), copper, and magnesium and high-quality protein. Almond oil is an edible essential oil that is rich in many nutrients and has positive effects on our health. High in vitamins D and E as well as minerals, almond oil helps reduce inflammation, shield the skin from UV radiation damage, and restore moisture to the skin. It also has significant levels of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and vitamins A and B. Rich in unsaturated fats, it penetrates deeply to leave your complexion feeling softer. Its 19% linoleic acid content hydrates cells more effectively, soothes skin, and protects against oxidative damage. Keywords Almond, Almond oil, Sweet almond oil, Bitter almond oil.

Comparative Analysis of Vitamin, Mineral Content, and Antioxidant Capacity in Cereals and Legumes and Influence of Thermal Process.

Cereals, as the world's most consumed food, face challenges related to nutrient quality due to climate change and increased production impacting soil health. In this study, we investigated the vitamin and mineral content, polyphenols, and antioxidant activity in cereals from Western Romania, analyzing whole and hulled wheat, rye, oat, and soybeans before and after heat treatment. Samples from 2022 crops were processed into dough and subjected to 220 °C for 30 min. The results reveal that, despite efforts to optimize nutrient content, cereals, particularly after heat processing, exhibited lower vitamin and mineral levels than the recommended daily intake. The decrease in polyphenols and antioxidant capacity was notable, with rye flour experiencing the largest decline (15%). Mineral analysis showed copper levels in decorticated wheat decreased by 82.5%, while iron in rye decreased by 5.63%. Soy flour consistently displayed the highest calcium, magnesium, and potassium levels, whereas oat flour had the highest zinc and copper levels before and after heat processing. The study highlights the concerningly low vitamins and minerals contents in cereals, as well as in the final products reaching consumers in the Western part of Romania, and contributes to the assessment of measures that are meant to improve the contents of these minerals.

Vitamin and microelement supply of adolescent girls with menstrual function disorders

Objective — to identify the relationship between changes in the concentration of vitamins A, E, D, magnesium content, and comorbid pathology in adolescent girls with menstrual function disorders. Materials and methods. Examinations involved 237 girls with menstrual function disorders aged 11—18 years. Oligomenorrhea (OM) was diagnosed in 103 patients, and abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in 134 girls. Results and discussion. Comorbid pathology was revealed in most patients, regardless of the type of menstrual function disorder. Endocrine system disorders were the most frequent comorbidities. In girls with OM, comorbid endocrine disorders were accompanied by a decrease in the levels of vitamins A (pu &lt; 0.01) and E, due to decrease in the frequency of their elevated indicators (pφ &lt; 0.03). At the same time, mostly normal magnesium levels were registered (pφ &lt; 0.001) due to a decrease in the frequency of its reduced and elevated levels compared to patients without pathology. In girls with AUB, comorbid endocrine system pathology was accompanied by decrease in the frequency of optimal levels of 25(OH)D3 (pφ &lt; 0.03), and comorbid pathology of the neuro-­psychiatric sphere was accompanied by decrease in the frequency of elevated levels of vitamins A (pφ &lt; 0.01) and E (pφ &lt; 0.03) compared to girls without pathology. Regardless of the type of menstrual disorder, the greatest number of changes in the vitamin status were found in girls with comorbid pathology of the endocrine system. In patients with OM, the retinol levels were lower than in girls with AUB (pφ &lt; 0.01), and a decrease in tocopherol levels was observed (pφ &gt; 0.05). In girls with AUB, elevated levels of vitamin A (pφ &lt; 0.03), vitamin E (pφ &lt; 0.04), and moderate vitamin D deficiency (pφ &lt; 0.03) were more frequently registered compared to girls with OM. Vitamin D deficiency in girls with abnormal uterine bleeding was less frequently registered compared to patients with oligomenorrhea (pφ &lt; 0.05). It should be noted that comorbid pathology of the digestive system in abnormal uterine bleeding was mostly often accompanied by the decreased tocopherol levels (pφ &lt; 0.05) and normal magnesium values (pφ &lt; 0.04) compared to patients with oligomenorrhea. Conclusions. The study revealed a correlation between fluctuations in the content of vitamin status components and comorbid pathology in girls with menstrual disorders. The most pronounced changes in oligomenorrhea were found under conditions of concomitant pathology of the endocrine system, while in abnormal uterine bleeding, they were identified in the presence of endocrine disorders and disturbances in the neuro­psychiatric sphere. The combination of oligomenorrhea and endocrine pathology, as well as abnormal uterine bleeding and nervous disorders, is accompanied by a decrease in retinol and tocopherol reserves, creating conditions for the deterioration of compensatory­adaptive reactions of the body by suppressing the low-­molecular-­weight link of the antioxidant defense system. Abnormal uterine bleeding and concomitant endocrine disorders are associated with more pronounced moderate vitamin D deficiency.

Ghrelin enhances tubular magnesium absorption in the kidney.

Osteoporosis after bariatric surgery is an increasing health concern as the rate of bariatric surgery has risen. In animal studies mimicking bariatric procedures, bone disease, together with decreased serum levels of Ca2+, Mg2+ and the gastric hormone Ghrelin were described. Ghrelin regulates metabolism by binding to and activating the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) which is also expressed in the kidney. As calcium and magnesium are key components of bone, we tested the hypothesis that Ghrelin-deficiency contributes to osteoporosis via reduced upregulation of the renal calcium channel TRPV5 and the heteromeric magnesium channel TRPM6/7. We expressed GHSR with TRPV5 or TRPM6/7 channel in HEK293 cells and treated them with purified Ghrelin. Whole-cell current density was analyzed by patch-clamp recording. Nephron-specific gene expression was performed by tubular microdissection followed by qPCR in wild-type (WT) mice, and immunofluorescent imaging of GHSR-eGFP mice. Tubular magnesium homeostasis was analyzed in GHSR-null and WT mice at baseline and after caloric restriction. After Ghrelin exposure, whole-cell current density did not change for TRPV5 but increased for TRPM6/7 in a dose-dependent fashion. Applying the Ghrelin-mimetic (D-Trp7, Ala8,D-Phe10)-α-MSH (6-11) amide without and with the GHSR antagonist (D-Lys3)-GHRP6, we confirmed the stimulatory role of Ghrelin towards TRPM6/7. As GHSR initiates downstream signaling via protein kinase A (PKA), we found that the PKA inhibitor H89 abrogated TRPM6/7 stimulation by Ghrelin. Similarly, transfected Gαs, but not the Gαs mutant Q227L, nor Gαi2, Gαq, or Gα13 upregulated TRPM6/7 current density. In microdissected TALs and DCTs similar levels of GHSR mRNA were detected. In contrast, TRPM6 mRNA was expressed in the DCT and also detected in the TAL at 25% expression compared to DCT. Immunofluorescent studies using reporter GHSR-eGFP mice showed a strong eGFP signal in the TAL but surprisingly displayed no eGFP signal in the DCT. In 3-, 6-, and 9-month-old GHSR-null and WT mice, baseline serum magnesium was not significantly different, but 24-h urinary magnesium excretion was elevated in 9-month-old GHSR-null mice. In calorically restricted GHSR-null mice, we detected excess urinary magnesium excretion and reduced serum magnesium levels compared to WT mice. The kidneys from calorically restricted WT mice showed upregulated gene expression of magnesiotropic genes Hnf1b, Cldn-16, Cldn-19, Fxyd-2b, and Parvalbumin compared to GHSR-null mice. Our in vitro studies show that Ghrelin stimulates TRPM6/7 via GHSR and Gαs-PKA signaling. The murine studies are consistent with Ghrelin-GHSR signaling inducing reduced urinary magnesium excretion, particularly in calorically restricted mice when Ghrelin levels are elevated. This effect may be mediated by Ghrelin-upregulation of TRPM6 in the TAL and/or upregulation of other magnesiotropic genes. We postulate that rising Ghrelin levels with hunger contribute to increased renal Mg2+ reabsorption to compensate for lack of enteral Mg2+ uptake.

Association between hypomagnesemia and serum lactate levels in patients with sepsis: a retrospective observational study

BackgroundSepsis-3 emphasizes the recognition of sepsis-induced cellular metabolic abnormalities, and utilizes serum lactate level as a biomarker of cellular metabolic abnormalities. Magnesium plays an important role as a cofactor in glucose metabolism, although it is not well known that magnesium deficiency causes elevated serum lactate levels. Additionally, it remains unclear how magnesium status affects the role of serum lactate levels as a marker of metabolic abnormalities in sepsis. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between serum magnesium and lactate levels in patients with sepsis and explore this relationship from the perspectives of time course and circulatory abnormalities.MethodsThis retrospective observational study of adult patients with sepsis was performed at the 16-bed intensive care unit of Jichi Medical University Hospital between June 2011 and December 2017. The relationship between serum magnesium and lactate levels for 5 days from intensive care unit admission was investigated along the time course. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between serum magnesium and lactate levels during intensive care unit admission.ResultsAmong 759 patients included, 105 had hypomagnesemia (magnesium level < 1.6 mg/dL), 558 had normal serum magnesium levels (1.6–2.4 mg/dL), and 96 had hypermagnesemia (magnesium level > 2.4 mg/dL) at intensive care unit admission. From intensive care unit admission to day 5, the hypomagnesemia group had higher serum lactate levels and a higher frequency of lactic acidosis than the normal magnesium level and hypermagnesemia groups (70% vs. 51.6% vs. 50%; P < 0.001). Hypomagnesemia at intensive care unit admission was independently associated with lactic acidosis, i.e., lactic acid level > 2 mmol/L (odds ratio, 2.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.60–4.76; P < 0.001).ConclusionsHypomagnesemia was associated with serum lactate levels in the early and post-resuscitation phases of sepsis. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether the magnesium status is associated with sepsis-induced cellular and metabolic abnormalities.

Vitamin D metabolism in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a prospective observational study

BackgroundVitamin D deficiency in critically ill patients is associated with poor outcomes, and vitamin D supplementation is recommended for patients with chronic kidney disease. Whether acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with altered Vitamin D metabolism is unknown. We aimed to compare the longitudinal profiles of serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D concentrations in critically ill patients with and without moderate to severe AKI and explore the impact of renal recovery and parathyroid hormone (PTH).MethodsIn this prospective, observational study in two centres in the UK, critically ill patients with and without AKI underwent serial measurement of serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D and plasma PTH concentrations for 5 days. Linear mixed model analysis and sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsSerial data of 137 patients were analysed. Seventy-one patients had AKI stage II/III of whom 23 recovered kidney function during the 5-day study period; 66 patients did not have AKI at enrolment of whom 14 developed new AKI. On day of enrolment, patients’ serum 25(OH)D concentrations were low (median 18 nmol/L) but there was no significant difference between patients with and without AKI. Median serum 1,25(OH)2D levels were significantly lower in patients with AKI II/III (41 pmol/L [IQR 26, 58]) compared to similarly unwell patients without AKI (54 pmol/L [IQR 33, 69]) during the 5-day period. Recovery of kidney function in patients with AKI was associated with a rise in 1,25(OH)2D concentrations. Plasma PTH results were impacted by serum calcium and magnesium levels but not associated with 1,25(OH)2D levels.ConclusionsCritically ill patients with moderate-to-severe AKI have significantly lower serum 1,25(OH)2D concentrations than similarly sick patients without AKI but there was no difference in serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Recovery of AKI was associated with a rise in serum 1,25(OH)2D concentrations. More research is needed to investigate the health benefits and safety of supplementation with active vitamin D in critically ill patients with moderate-to-severe AKI.Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02869919), registered on 16 May 2016.

Multiomics Analysis of PCB126's Effect on a Mouse Chronic-Binge Alcohol Feeding Model.

Environmental pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver disease. Our group recently demonstrated that PCB126 promoted steatosis, hepatomegaly, and modulated intermediary metabolism in a rodent model of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). To better understand how PCB126 promoted ALD in our previous model, the current study adopts multiple omics approaches to elucidate potential mechanistic hypotheses. Briefly, male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 126 or corn oil vehicle prior to ethanol (EtOH) or control diet feeding in the chronic-binge alcohol feeding model. Liver tissues were collected and prepared for mRNA sequencing, phosphoproteomics, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for metals quantification. Principal component analysis showed that PCB126 uniquely modified the transcriptome in EtOH-fed mice. EtOH feeding alone resulted in differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and PCB126 exposure resulted in more DEGs in the EtOH-fed group (907 DEGs) in comparison with the pair-fed group (503 DEGs). Top 20 significant gene ontology (GO) biological processes included "peptidyl tyrosine modifications," whereas top 25 significantly decreasing GO molecular functions included "metal/ion/zinc binding." Quantitative, label-free phosphoproteomics and western blot analysis revealed no major significant PCB126 effects on total phosphorylated tyrosine residues in EtOH-fed mice. Quantified hepatic essential metal levels were primarily significantly lower in EtOH-fed mice. PCB126-exposed mice had significantly lower magnesium, cobalt, and zinc levels in EtOH-fed mice. Previous work has demonstrated that PCB126 is a modifying factor in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and our current work suggests that pollutants also modify ALD. PCB126 may, in part, be contributing to the malnutrition aspect of ALD, where metal deficiency is known to contribute and worsen prognosis. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14132.

Determination of Reference Interval for Serum Homocysteine, Magnesium, and Uric Acid from Tertiary Care Hospital Data By the Bhattacharya Method

Abstract Introduction: Direct ways of establishing reference intervals for analytes are time-consuming and costly. Bhattacharya analysis is an indirect way to mathematically derive reference intervals from the results of analytes in a hospital database and is practically a simple and inexpensive alternative to direct methods. Methods: Data of serum uric acid, magnesium, and plasma homocysteine levels measured in the department of clinical biochemistry over 3 years were extracted from the hospital database along with the age, gender, and location of the patients. Bhattacharya analysis was performed by identifying underlying Gaussian distribution within the non-Gaussian distribution of the patient data by log transformation of the distribution of the data. Reference intervals for each of the analytes were calculated from the identified Gaussian distribution. Results: The reference interval for serum uric acid was 1.49–8.97 mg/dL in men and 2.13–6.14 in women, serum magnesium in adults was 1.19–3.21 mg/dL, and plasma homocysteine in adults was 4.6–21 μg/dL. Conclusion: Using Bhattacharya analysis, we were able to derive reference intervals for analytes from our hospital data.

MT-TI Gitelman-like syndrome presentation in an adult with muscle fasciculations and normal magnesium levels

MT-TI Gitelman-like syndrome presentation in an adult with muscle fasciculations and normal magnesium levels

Effect of BMI on serum magnesium level in patient getting Pritchard regimen

Effect of BMI on serum magnesium level in patient getting Pritchard regimen

Serum Magnesium Levels in Patients Admitted with Septic Shock and Their Correlation with Outcome

Objective: To evaluate the initial serum magnesium levels of critically ill septic shock patients upon admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and correlate these levels with the patients' requirements and outcomes, including ventilator support, length of stay in the ICU, occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias, and mortality rates.Methods: This was an observational study involving 60 patients who were admitted to the medical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for septic shock. Serum magnesium levels were measured upon admission to the ICU. A comparison was made between patients with normal and abnormal magnesium levels at the time of admission to evaluate the need for vasopressor support, the average duration of assisted ventilation and dialysis, the incidence of arrhythmia, the average length of ICU stay, and mortality rates.Results: Out of the 60 cases studied, there were 42 males (70.00%) and 18 females (30.00%), resulting in a M:F ratio of 1:0.42. The mean age of both male and female patients was found to be comparable. The need for assisted ventilation and renal replacement therapy was found to be comparable in patients with normal and abnormal serum magnesium levels. The number of days for which assisted ventilation was required, the incidence of arrhythmia, the mean duration of ICU and hospital stay, and mortality were significantly higher in patients with abnormal magnesium levels at the time of ICU admission (P&lt;0.05).Conclusion: Abnormal serum magnesium levels are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in critically ill septic shock patients admitted to the ICU.

Assessing the Impact of Gully Erosion on Soil Fertility in Ankpa Local Government Area of Kogi State

This study explores the impact of gully erosion on soil fertility in Ankpa Local Government Area, Kogi State, Nigeria. A systematic sampling procedure was employed, involving composite soil samples collected at varying depths (0 – 15 cm, 15 – 30 cm, and 30 – 45 cm). Physical and chemical analyses were conducted on these samples, and statistical analysis, utilizing the coefficient of variation (CV), was applied to the data. Results revealed that sand fractions dominated the surface horizons in all pedons studied, ranging from 74.10% to 80.60%. Silt content showed irregular accumulation down the profile depth, ranging from 5.00% to 6.00%. Clay content, ranging from 14.40% to 20.40%, decreased down the profile depth, indicating potential illuviation and pedoturbation processes. Bulk density values within the rooting zone were optimal for plant production. Particle size distribution suggested that the studied soils fell within the sandy loam textural class, except for one profile identified as sandy clay loam. Soil pH (H2O) and pH (KCl) indicated highly acidic conditions. Organic carbon content was critically low, and total nitrogen levels were also critically low according to fertility ratings. Available phosphorus ranged from low to moderate levels, while calcium dominated the exchange complexes. Magnesium levels were high, potentially contributing to unstable soil structural arrangements. Potassium content was categorized as moderate, while sodium content was rated moderate with implications for soil fertility. Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) was moderate, reflecting the general low organic matter content in the soil series. Base saturation indicated high values, suggesting minimal leaching of plant nutrients. In conclusion, the study identifies the complex interplay of soil properties affected by gully erosion, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to improve soil fertility.