Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Effects of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles on black-odorous sediment properties and indigenous bacterial communities: Implications for remediation strategies

Effects of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles on black-odorous sediment properties and indigenous bacterial communities: Implications for remediation strategies

Understanding the mechanisms behind the antibacterial activity of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles against sulfate-reducing bacteria in sediments

Nanomaterials, with their small size, surface characteristics, and antibacterial properties, are extensively employed across environmental, energy, biomedical, agricultural, and other industries. This study examined the antibacterial efficacy of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) nanoparticles (NPs) against sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) within sediments. The inhibitory effects of two types of Mg(OH)2 NPs with distinct particle sizes (20.3 and 29.6 nm) and concentrations (0–10.0 mg/mL) were examined under optimal treatment conditions. The antibacterial mechanisms of Mg(OH)2 NPs through direct contact and dissolution effects were determined. The results revealed a correlation between the concentration, particle size, and inhibitory activity, with the smallest NPs (20.3 nm) at the highest concentration (10.0 mg/mL) substantially reducing SRB counts from 8.77 ± 0.18 to 6.48 ± 0.13 log10 colony forming units/mL after 6 h treatment. Treatment with high concentrations of Mg(OH)2 NPs induced cellular damage, reduced intracellular lactate dehydrogenase activity, and elevated intracellular catalase activity and H2O2 content, suggesting that the contact effect of NPs stimulated SRB. This leads to oxidative stress response and structural damage to the cell membrane, which has emerged as the primary driver of the antibacterial action of Mg(OH)2 NPs. This study presents a novel nanomaterial that can inhibit and control SRB in natural sedimentary environments.

Biosynthesis and biological activities of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles using Tinospora cordifolia leaf extract.

The synthesis of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (Mg(OH)2 NPs) using plant extracts are known to be a practical, economical, and an environmentally friendly approach. In this work, Mg(OH)2 NPs were synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Tinospora cordifolia, a medicinal plant commonly found in India. The synthesized Mg(OH)2 NPs were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption peak of the Mg(OH)2 NPs was detected at 289nm, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of various functional groups, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed the well-crystallized structure of the Mg(OH)2 NPs. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses depicted spherical morphology and an average particle size (PS) of 27.71nm. The energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis confirmed the presence of C, O, and Mg elements, and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) survey spectrum confirmed the elements for the Su 1s peak at 280.2eV. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis displayed an average PS of 54.3nm, and the Zeta potential (ZP) was of 9.89mV. The fabricated Mg(OH)2 NPs displayed notable antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis, E. coli, and S. aureus. In addition, these NPs exhibited strong antioxidant properties (> 75%) based on DPPH, ABTS, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) assays. Further, the same NPs exerted a potent anti-inflammatory activity (> 65%) based on COX-1 and COX-2 evaluations. The anti-Alzheimer' disease (AD) potential of Mg(OH)2 NPs was assessed through effective inhibition (> 70%) of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities. Molecular docking (MD) studies confirmed that caryophyllene has higher binding affinity with AChE (-5.3kcal/mol) and BuChE (-6.4kcal/mol) enzymes. This study emphasizes the green synthesis of Mg(OH)2 NPs using T. cordifolia as a plant source and highlights their potential for biomedical applications.

Polyurethane nanofibers incorporated magnesium hydroxide followed by hydrothermal treatment using chitosan and silver nanoparticles to improve the biological properties

AbstractThe study aimed to explore the potential of magnesium hydroxide (Mg[OH]₂) nanoparticles (NPs) incorporated into polyurethane (PU) fibers, which were further coated with chitosan and silver (Ag) NPs. The hydrothermal approach was adopted to add the properties of chitosan and Ag NPs to the as‐spun fibers. These samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM), EDS, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and contact angle measurements. The diameter of concocted fibers was found to be 0.79 ± 0.31 μm to 2.5 ± 0.9 μm. The presence of Mg(OH)2 decreased the fiber diameter from 2.05 ± 1.2 μm to 0.79 ± 0.31 μm; however, after hydrothermal coating, the diameter increased from 0.79 ± 0.31 μm to 2.5 ± 0.9 μm. The contact angle on pristine PU showed 105.53 ± 0.8°, that is, hydrophobicity, which was diminished to 9.3 ± 0.8° by the reorientation of PU with Mg(OH)2, chitosan and Ag NPs, that is, indicative of hydrophilic character. Biomineralization was evaluated by incubating in simulated body fluid, and the EDS and FE‐SEM indicated that composite fibers could induce apatite formation. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay, and cell adhesion/proliferation was confirmed by DAPI staining and FE‐SEM. The composite scaffolds promoted 3T3‐L1 to grow confluently.

Construction of durable flame retardant, anti-dripping, and smoke-suppressing recycled polyester fabric

Recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (R-PET) fabrics offer a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to virgin PET but exhibit high flammability and increased smoke emission. In this study, magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (nano-Mg(OH)2) with the particle size of 53 nm were synthesized and combined with cyclic phosphate ester through high-temperature and high-pressure immersion technology. The organic‒inorganic flame retardant (FR) agents were expected to penetrate the R-PET fibers, thus achieving high washing durability for flame retardancy and smoke suppression. The surface structural performance of nano-Mg(OH)2 and the smoke and heat suppression capacity, FR performance, mechanism and laundering resistance of the modified R-PET samples were also explored. The organic‒inorganic FR system significantly improved the FR properties and anti-dripping ability of R-PET while significantly reducing smoke and heat generation. Moreover, the modified R-PET fabrics exhibited self-extinguishing ability even after 40 washes, indicating their high washing resistance. The organic‒inorganic FR system was effective in both gas and condensed phase, providing multilevel fire safety. This study provides efficient and durable FR-functionalized R-PET fabrics with low smoke suppression and high fire safety.

Push Out Bond Strength of a Bioceramic Sealer Modified by Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles with Different Concentrations - An In vitro Study

Push Out Bond Strength of a Bioceramic Sealer Modified by Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles with Different Concentrations - An In vitro Study

Polymer coated magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles for enhanced wound healing

Polymer coated Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles provided improved wound healing potential.

Three Birds, One Stone: An Osteo-Microenvironment Stage-Regulative Scaffold for Bone Defect Repair through Modulating Early Osteo-Immunomodulation, Middle Neovascularization, and Later Osteogenesis.

In order to repair critical-sized bone defects, various polylactic acid-glycolic acid (PLGA)-based hybrid scaffolds are successfully developed as bone substitutes. However, the byproducts of these PLGA-based scaffolds are known to acidify the implanted site, inducing tiresome acidic inflammation. Moreover, these degradation productions cannot offer an osteo-friendly microenvironment at the implanted site, matching natural bone healing. Herein, inspired by bone microenvironment atlas of natural bone-healing process, an osteo-microenvironment stage-regulative scaffold (P80/D10/M10) is fabricated by incorporating self-developed decellularized bone matrix microparticles (DBM-MPs) and multifunctional magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (MH-NPs) into PLGA with an optimized proportion using low-temperature rapid prototyping (LT-RP) 3D-printing technology. The cell experiments show that this P80/D10/M10 exhibits excellent properties in mechanics, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, meanwhile superior stimulations in osteo-immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. Additionally, the animal experiments determined that this P80/D10/M10 can offer an osteo-friendly microenvironment in a stage-matched pattern for enhanced bone regeneration, namely, optimization of early inflammation, middle neovascularization, and later bone formation. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis suggested that the in vivo performance of P80/D10/M10 on bone defect repair is mostly attributed to regulating artery development, bone development, and bone remodeling. Overall, this study reveals that the osteo-microenvironment stage-regulative scaffold provides a promising treatment for bone defect repair.

Modulatory effect of magnesium hydroxide-nanoparticles on lead-induced toxicity in river Clarias gariepinus near mining site

Effluents emerging from unprotected local mining activities pollute the nearby rivers containing aquatic lives. Advent of nanotechnology however, supposedly helps in removal of water contaminants and as well make waste water remediation possible. To this effect, Clarias gariepinus from rivers near mining site at Ijero-Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria were collected and exposed to 62.5, 125 and 250mg/L suspension of 10nm magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (MgOHNPs) for 14-days under semi-static conditions. The suspected lead concentration in the river water was estimated using atomic absorption spectrophotometer while the quality of the river water was also examined. Clarias gariepinus collected were sacrificed and alterations in their biochemical and hematological indices were evaluated. The results showed that water sample from river I exhibit highest (0.033ppm) lead concentration while water sample from river III has the lowest (0.006ppm) lead concentration relative to their proximity to the mining site. Besides, the collected fishes demonstrated significant (P<0.05) concentration dependent increase in some biochemical indices and no observable significant alteration in hematologic state of the fishes at tested doses. Hence, results from this study suggest that toxic lead effluent from local mining activities may have elevated lead concentration levels in nearby rivers while exposure to MgOHNPs could evoke alterations in physiological system of the inhabiting aquatic lives.

Construction of silane-modified nanoscale magnesium hydroxide as an inorganic flame-retardant coating for silk textiles

Inorganic magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (Mg(OH)2 NPs) offer a promising halogen-/phosphorus-free flame-retardant solution for silk. However, achieving effective and durable flame retardancy remains a challenge. In this study, silane-modified Mg(OH)2 NPs were prepared using the double drop-reverse precipitation method with the silane coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as a surface modifier. The chemical bonding between silane-modified Mg(OH)2 NPs and silk fabric was beneficial for improving the stabilization and durability of the functional particles on the silk surface. The surface morphology and structure of the silane-modified Mg(OH)2 NPs, as well as the smoke and heat generation performance, flame retardancy, washing durability, and flame-retardant mechanism of the coated silk fabrics were investigated. The coated silk fabric exhibited high flame-retardant efficiency and significantly reduced smoke and heat generation, indicating a lower fire hazard. Additionally, the coated silk fabric displayed self-extinguishing behavior even after 15 robust washings, demonstrating high washing durability. The coated silk exhibited fibrous and weave structures after combustion, indicating a strong charring ability. Overall, this study presents a promising approach for the development of flame-retardant silk fabrics with excellent washing durability using inorganic Mg(OH)2 NPs.

Influence of Cu doping in Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles for Bandgap Engineering

Influence of Cu doping in Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles for Bandgap Engineering

Mechanisms Underlying the Suppression of IL-1β Expression by Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles.

In recent years, magnesium hydroxide has been widely studied due to its bioactivity and biocompatibility. The bactericidal effects of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles on oral bacteria have also been reported. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the biological effects of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles on inflammatory responses induced by periodontopathic bacteria. Macrophage-like cells, namely J774.1 cells, were treated with LPS derived from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and two different sizes of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (NM80/NM300) to evaluate their effects on the inflammatory response. Statistical analysis was performed using an unresponsive Student's t-test or one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. NM80 and NM300 inhibited the expression and secretion of IL-1β induced by LPS. Furthermore, IL-1β inhibition by NM80 was dependent on the downregulation of PI3K/Akt-mediated NF-κB activation and the phosphorylation of MAPK molecules such as JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK. By contrast, only the deactivation of the ERK1/2-mediated signaling cascade is involved in IL-1β suppression by NM300. Although the molecular mechanism involved varied with size, these results suggest that magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles have an anti-inflammatory effect against the etiologic factors of periodontopathic bacteria. These properties of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles can be applied to dental materials.

Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles Inhibit the Biofilm Formation of Cariogenic Microorganisms.

Although various caries-preventive agents have been developed, dental caries is still a leading global disease, mostly caused by biological factors such as mutans streptococci. Magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles have been reported to exhibit antibacterial effects; however, they are rarely used in oral care practical applications. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effect of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles on biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus-two typical caries-causing bacteria. Three different sizes of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (NM80, NM300, and NM700) were studied, all of which inhibited biofilm formation. The results showed that the nanoparticles were important for the inhibitory effect, which was not influenced by pH or the presence of magnesium ions. We also determined that the inhibition process was mainly contact inhibition and that medium (NM300) and large (NM700) sizes were particularly effective in this regard. The findings of our study demonstrate the potential applications of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles as caries-preventive agents.

Synthesis and characterization of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles via sol-gel

The magnesium hydroxide (Mg (OH)2 nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using the sol-gel method and presented its results in this work. Various characterization methods have been used to confirm the successful preparation of Mg (OH)2 NPs. The XRD analysis exhibited the hexagonal structure of the sample. FT-IR spectrum revealed the presence of metal-oxygen stretching of prepared magnesium hydroxide NPs. The SEM analysis shows that the synthesized Mg (OH)2 NPs were clustered with a rough stacked surface. From the absorption peak obtained through UV-Vis spectroscopy, the bandgap energy of Mg (OH)2 NPs was calculated as 2.70 eV.

A study on the effect of reaction temperature on the synthesis of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles: Comparative evaluation of microstructure parameters and optical properties

In the present work, magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles were synthesized using the coprecipitation method with the variation of the reaction temperature. The effects of variation of the reaction temperature on the morphological and optical properties were discussed in this paper. The synthesized NPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, UV–visible absorption, and fluorescence techniques. The crystallite size of the NPs was estimated using various theoretical methods such as Debye-Scherrer (DS), Williamson-Hall (WH), size-strain plot (SSP), and Halder-Wagner (HW) methods and noticed that all the methods have yielded nearly same crystallite size, which ranges between 10 -12 nm for MH A and 7–8 nm for MH B NPs, respectively. The synthesized NPs have shown the shape of flakes and agglomerated particle distribution. These NPs have also shown broad absorption and narrower emission band in the visible region, which suggests that these have potential applications in the field of biological markers, sensors and light-harvesting devices.

Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Anti-Inflammation of Poly(L-Lactic Acid) by Stereocomplexes of PLLA/PDLA and Surface-Modified Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles.

Poly(L–lactic acid) (PLLA), as a biodegradable polymer, has attracted attention for use as a biomaterial. In order to apply PLLA as a cardiovascular stent, stronger mechanical properties and anti–inflammatory effects against acidic by–products are required. In this study, PLLA/PDLA stereocomplex microparticles (SC) were developed and surface–modified magnesium hydroxide (MH) nanoparticles with oligolactide were combined with these PLLA composites. The SC improved the mechanical properties of the PLLA composites through the formation of stereocomplex structures. The surface–modified MH nanoparticles showed enhanced mechanical properties due to the stereocomplex structures formed by PLLA chains and inhibited inflammatory responses by pH neutralization as a result of MH. Additionally, the MH nanoparticles containing PLLA composites had antibacterial effects and increased the viability of human vascular endothelial cells. This technology is expected to have great potential in the development of PLLA composite materials for the production of various medical devices, such as cardiovascular stents.

Converting Chrysotile Nanotubes into Magnesium Oxide and Hydroxide Using Lanthanum Oxycarbonate Hybridization and Alkaline Treatment for Efficient Phosphate Adsorption

Magnesium oxide and hydroxide nanomaterials comprise a class of promising advanced functional metal nanomaterials whose use in environmental and material applications is increasing. Several strategies to synthesize these nanomaterials have been described but are unsustainable and uneconomic. This work reports on a processing strategy that turns natural magnesium-rich chrysotile into magnesium oxide and hydroxide nanoparticles via nanoparticle hybridization and an alkaline process while enabling La-based nanoparticles to coat the chrysotile nanotube surfaces. The adsorbent's resulting hybrid nanostructure had an outstanding capacity for phosphate uptake (135.2 mg P g-1) and enhanced regeneration performance. Furthermore, the adsorbent featured wide applicability with respect to the coexistence of competitive anions and a broad range of pH conditions, and its high-performance phosphate removal from sewage effluent was also demonstrated. Spectroscopic and microscopic analyses revealed the scavenging ability of phosphate by the La-based and Mg-based nanoparticles and the multiple capture mechanisms involved, including surface complexation and ion exchange. This proposed approach expands chrysotile's potential use as a magnesium-rich nanomaterial and harbors great promise for the removal of pollutants in a variety of real-world settings.

Hybrid nanocomposite multinetwork hydrogel containing magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles with enhanced antibacterial activity for wound dressing applications

Efficient and cost-effective antibacterial materials are urgently needed owing to the antibiotic abuse and the threat of drug-resistant bacteria. Here we develop a hybrid nanocomposite hydrogel composed of Mg(OH) 2 nanoparticles (MgNPs), chitosan (CS), sodium alginate and polyacrylamide, called MgNPs/CS hydrogel. MgNPs/CS hydrogel presents excellent mechanical properties, high biocompatibility and improved broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Particularly, the integration of MgNPs improves the stiffness and tensile strength of hydrogel without decreasing toughness. Moreover, MgNPs/CS hydrogel significantly enhances in vivo wound healing process in a skin defect rat model and the healing efficiency is much higher than sterile gauze and multisentry. Importantly, all the materials used in MgNPs/CS hydrogel are low-cost and accessible, indicating that MgNPs/CS hydrogel is more cost-effective and more feasible in practice. These results demonstrate that MgNPs/CS hydrogel can serve as an antibacterial dressing and contribute to the development of next-generation antibacterial materials. • Nanocomposite hydrogel is composed of low-cost and accessible ingredients. • Hydrogel performs excellent mechanical strength and high adhesiveness on different materials. • Dispersed Mg(OH) 2 nanoparticles and chitosan enable the hydrogel to have a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. • Multinetwork hydrogel can serve as a wound dressing to enhance in vivo wound healing process.

Cytotoxicity Assessment of Surface-Modified Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles.

Magnesium-based nanoparticles have shown promise in regenerative therapies in orthopedics and the cardiovascular system. Here, we set out to assess the influence of differently functionalized Mg nanoparticles on the cellular players of wound healing, the first step in the process of tissue regeneration. First, we thoroughly addressed the physicochemical characteristics of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles, which exhibited low colloidal stability and strong aggregation in cell culture media. To address this matter, magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles underwent surface functionalization by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), resulting in excellent dispersible properties in ethanol and improved colloidal stability in physiological media. The latter was determined as a concentration- and time-dependent phenomenon. There were no significant effects on THP-1 macrophage viability up to 1.500 μg/mL APTES-coated magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles. Accordingly, increased media pH and Mg2+ concentration, the nanoparticles dissociation products, had no adverse effects on their viability and morphology. HDF, ASCs, and PK84 exhibited the highest, and HUVECs, HPMECs, and THP-1 cells the lowest resistance toward nanoparticle toxic effects. In conclusion, the indicated high magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles biocompatibility suggests them a potential drug delivery vehicle for treating diseases like fibrosis or cancer. If delivered in a targeted manner, cytotoxic nanoparticles could be considered a potential localized and specific prevention strategy for treating highly prevalent diseases like fibrosis or cancer. Looking toward the possible clinical applications, accurate interpretation of in vitro cellular responses is the keystone for the relevant prediction of subsequent in vivo biological effects.

Fabrication and research of Mg(OH)2/PCL/PVP nanofiber membranes loaded by antibacterial and biosafe Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles

In order to fabricate antibacterial nanofiber membranes for tissue engineering field, the oxidative damage of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (Mg(OH)2 NPs) against the model system of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was researched by measuring the oxidative stress response, oxidative stress products and glucose metabolism. The toxicity of Mg(OH)2 NPs to a normal biological system was evaluated in vivo through the acute oral toxicity, blood physiological and serum biochemical markers and acute skin irritation, indicating that the Mg(OH)2 NPs exhibited great biosafety. The Mg(OH)2 NPs with antibacterial property and biosafety were loaded on PCL/PVP nanofiber substrates through electrospinning technology to fabricate the Mg(OH)2/PCL/PVP nanofiber membranes. The results of characterization and antibacterial test showed that the Mg(OH)2/PCL/PVP nanofiber membranes with 8.0 wt% Mg(OH)2 NPs present excellent antibacterial rate of 100% against E. coli that the Mg(OH)2 NPs can be physically and evenly loaded on nanofiber substrates.