Magnesium Ferrite Research Articles

Water decontamination in terms of Hg(II) over thiol immobilized magnesium ferrite: Gum Arabic biosorbent—response surface optimization, kinetic, isotherm and comparing study

Mercury thrown even at low concentrations in water resources causes a severe threat to the ecosystem hence the presented work describes a low-cost and environmentally friendly clean-up platform for decontamination of water in terms of mercury ions. For this purpose, MgFe2O4—Gum Arabic composite was prepared with a simple ultrasound-assisted precipitation route and further modified with l-Cysteine as a thiol resource to improve its adsorption characteristic. The structure of the biosorbent was characterized by XRD, FESEM, VSM, EDX, and BET techniques. Effective parameters on mercury adsorption were optimized with response surface methodology using Box–Behnken design. The maximum removal efficiency was obtained at pH of 5, contact time of 15 min and adsorbent dosage of 19 mg by magnetic GA. After thiol functionalization, optimum variables changed to pH of 2, time of 15 min and dosage of 5 mg. Isotherm study indicated that mercury biosorption onto the magnetic Gum Arabic and thiol immobilized sorbent followed Langmuir and Freundlich model with adsorption capacity of 96 mg g−1 and 250 mg g−1, respectively. Results of the kinetic study revealed that mercury adsorption followed a pseudo-second order model. To study the ability of biosorbent as a reusable compound a mixture of HCl (0.5 M) and thiourea (2%) was employed to release the adsorbed ions from the sorbent surface moreover, it showed 90% removal efficiency after three cycles of sorption and desorption which confirmed the presented composite is a reusable biosorbent.

Oxygen hyper stoichiometric trimetallic titanium doped magnesium ferrite: Structural and photocatalytic studies

Oxygen hyper stoichiometric titanium doped magnesium ferrite, Mg 1-x Ti x Fe 2 O 4+δ (x = 0–1.0) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using sol-gel method. XRD analysis revealed a decrease in the lattice parameter from 8.9 to 8.3 Å and confirmed the incorporation of Ti 4+ , a smaller ionic radius dopant. Presence of M-O vibrational bands at tetrahedral and octahedral sites were authenticated by FT-IR analysis. The observed reduction in saturation magnetization values from 23.3 emug −1 to 18.3 emug −1 was ascribed to the doping of non-magnetic Ti 4+ ions in MgFe 2 O 4 NPs. BET studies corroborated the mesoporous nature of the NPs and doped ferrite NPs displayed larger surface area (53.0–73.0 m 2 g -1 ) as compared to pristine ferrite NPs (32.8–39.0 m 2 g -1 ). Optical studies displayed red shift in the absorption edge of the Ti 4+ doped MgFe 2 O 4 NPs in contrast to pristine NPs. Oxygen hyper stoichiometry in the doped ferrite NPs was determined experimentally. Photoluminescence emission spectra exhibited reduction in the emission intensity in case of Ti 4+ doped NPs which supported their higher light capturing potential. Among synthesized doped ferrite NPs Mg 0.5 Ti 0.5 Fe 2 O 4.5 NPs exhibited maximum (98%) photodegradation capacity for rhodamine B. The • O 2 − and • OH were the main reactive species in the photodegradation. The present studies have clearly shown the potential of tuning the composition of oxygen hyper stoichiometric ferrite Mg 0.5 Ti 0.5 Fe 2 O 4.5 for the removal of toxic organic contaminants from water.

Structural and Electrical Properties of Pure and Samarium Doped MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles for Resistive RAM Applications

Spinel ferrites nanoparticles have attracted the attention of researcher for memory storage devices. We have synthesized MgFeO4 pure sample and MgFe1.8Sm0.2O4 doped sample via solgel technique. The study of structural, electrical, dielectric, and I-V properties were studied of synthesized spinel magnesium ferrites nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the spinel structure of both compositions. The frequency dependent AC conductivity, dielectric constant, dielectric tangent loss, was studied in the range of 20Hz to 3MHz. I-V measurements has been done for the resistive switching properties. I-V curves of both compositions in the current study exhibits the formation of hysteresis loop. The hysteresis loop behavior shows that with the addition of samarium the trend of loop increases which plays crucial role as a Resistive Random-Access Memory (ReRAM) application in switching memory storage devices.

Application of magnesium ferrite nanomaterials for adsorptive removal of arsenic from water: Effects of Mg and Fe ratio

Magnesium ferrites (MgFe2O4) drew much attention in water treatment because of higher stability, magnetic properties, availability and higher safety. MgFe2O4 having different Fe and Mg ratios were synthesized through a simple one-step solvothermal method and applied for the removal of toxic arsenic oxyanions from water. Three different magnesium ferrites, MF0.1, MF0.2 and MF0.33, were synthesized using molar Mg and Fe ratio of 10:90, 20:80 and 33:67, respectively. The Mg and Fe ratio affected the physical and magnetic properties, surface area, crystallite size, pore diameter and magnetism, of magnesium ferrites, which were evidenced by the XRD, SEM-EDS, BET and VSM. Increasing Mg content reduced the pore size, pore volume and saturation magnetization but increased surface area and pHPZC. It was estimated that defective iron oxide, γ-Fe2O3 maghemite, had been formed with the magnesium ferrites, when the ratios of Mg and Fe were non-stoichiometric. The difference in characteristics of magnesium ferrites synthesized with three ratios of Mg and Fe affected arsenic adsorption capacity and the stability of adsorbed arsenic. Arsenic adsorption data followed Freundlich isotherm model and maximum As(III) and As(V) adsorption capacities were found to be 51.48, 100.53, 103.94 mg/g and 26.06, 43.44, 45.52 mg/g by MF0.1, MF0.2 and MF0.33, respectively. Fast adsorption of arsenic was confirmed by kinetic data which followed the Pseudo-2nd-order kinetic model. The MF0.33 having stoichiometric ratio of Mg and Fe showed higher adsorption capacity and stability for arsenic than the other two at neutral pH.

Insight into photocatalytic behavior of magnesium ferrite–bentonite nanocomposite for the degradation of organic contaminants

Insight into photocatalytic behavior of magnesium ferrite–bentonite nanocomposite for the degradation of organic contaminants

Synthesis, design of experiments and optimization of heterogeneous Fenton-like degradation of tartrazine by MgFe2O4 nano-catalyst

In this work, magnesium ferrites nanoparticles (MgFe2O4 NPs) were successfully fabricated by sol-gel auto-combustion (SGAC) method and were used in heterogeneous Fenton-like degradation of tartrazine. The obtained products were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM and EDX. XRD studies confirmed that the synthesized MgFe2O4 NPs had a cubic spinel structure. The average crystallite size was evaluated using the Debyee Scherrer formula and found to be in the range 16.18–28.55 nm. In FTIR spectra, two primary absorption bands at 571 cm−1 and 415 cm−1 were observed. The spinel ferrites are characterized by these bands and the EDX confirms the presence of the desired elements Mg, Fe, and O. The influences of operating parameters were examined using the Box Behnken statistical design (BD), including magnesium ferrite dosage (0.04–0.12 g/L), tartrazine concentration (30–50 mg/L) and H2O2 concentration (3.53–7.06 mM). Using analysis of variance, a significant quadratic model was created. Optimum conditions were magnesium ferrite dosage of 0.092 g/L, tartrazine concentration of 30.21 mg/L and H2O2 concentration of 6.66 mM, respectively. The predicted degradation efficiency within the optimum conditions as established by the suggested model was 98.4%. Confirmatory tests were carried out and the degradation efficiency of 98.9% was observed, which was in good agreement with the model's prediction. After five recuperation and reapplications, the catalyst's degradation efficiency remains stable. These findings indicate that a heterogeneous Fenton-like process utilizing MgFe2O4 is effective in advanced wastewater treatment.

Fabrication of MgFe2O4/polyaniline nanocomposite for amputation of methyl red dye from water: Isotherm modeling, kinetic and cost analysis

Several industries utilize synthetic dyes to color their products, resulting in generation of wastewater containing strong-colored organics. The discharge of these toxic dyes into effluents has adverse effects both on human being and aquatic ecosystem. As a result, it is important to eliminate these dyes prior to discharge of wastewater into the aquatic system. Polyaniline (PANI) based novel nanocomposites are gaining popularity due to the tunable electrical conductivity, high surface area, eco-friendly nature, which illustrate PANI based nanocomposites as suitable materials for wastewater amputation. Thus in this research, a novel nanocomposite comprising of magnesium ferrite and PANI (MgFe2O4-PANI-NC) was successfully prepared and used for adsorptive elimination of methyl red (MR) dye from water. The developed nanocomposite could efficiently remove the methyl red (MR) dye from water at solution pH of 7.0 which is advantageous for safe disposal of treated effluent without further treatment. The highest MR dye uptake efficiency of 90.23(±1.55)% was achieved at initial MR dye concentration of 50 mg/L, MgFe2O4-PANI-NC dose of 1.0 g/L, and contact time of 30 min. The experimental data follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model accurately and isotherm modeling reveals the adsorption of MR dye onto the MgFe2O4-PANI-NC follows Langmuir model with maximum dye uptake capacity of 98.04 mg/g. The cost analysis revealed that the fabrication cost of MgFe2O4-PANI-NC is around $100.60/kg. After 5th consecutive cycle of repetitive use, the removal efficiency of MR dye drops from 90.23(±2.02) % to 80.52(±1.39) % which shows the high stability and reusable characteristics MgFe2O4-PANI-NC for real field application.

X-ray diffraction, magnetic measurements and Mössbauer spectroscopy of MgFe2O4 nanoparticles

Magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) was synthesized using the solution combustion method. The concentration of the fuel was varied and investigated its effect on spectroscopic, structural and magnetic properties of MgFe2O4 nanoparticles. The XRD pattern showed a decrease in the crystallite size and increase in the lattice strain, dislocation density and specific surface area upon increasing the fuel amount. The shift in the FTIR band (~434 cm–1) corresponds to the Fe–O vibration in the octahedral sites. The values of HC decreased while Mr values increased continuously with the increase of the fuel concentration. The Mössbauer spectra of MgFe2O4 nanoparticles measured with a high velocity resolution demonstrated a large number of magnetic sextets assigned to the tetrahedral (A) and octahedral [B] sites. These magnetic sextets were considered as a result of different Fe3+ local microenvironments depending on Mg2+ cations distributions among the neighboring (A) and [B] sites. The calculations of binomial distribution of the probabilities of the numbers of Mg2+ cations within the sphere of 3.7 Å around Fe3+ cations in both (A) and [B] sites demonstrated distributions of different probabilities for these sites in agreement with the Mössbauer spectra fits. The numbers of magnetic sextets and their hyperfine parameters assigned to the (A) and [B] sites were found slightly varied for MgFe2O4 nanoparticles prepared with different fuel concentrations.

Effect of Methyl Cellulose "MC" on some physical properties of Nickel Magnesium Ferrite - MC nanocomposite.

Effect of Methyl Cellulose "MC" on some physical properties of Nickel Magnesium Ferrite - MC nanocomposite.

Nanocomposite of MgFe2O4 and Mn3O4 as Polyphenol Oxidase Mimic for Sensing of Polyphenols.

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) mimics have advantage of detection and remediation of polyphenols. This work demonstrates rapid and sensitive colorimetric detection of phenolic compounds using nanocomposite of magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) and manganese oxide (Mn3O4) nanoparticles as PPO mimic. The catalytic properties of MgFe2O4 and Mn3O4 displayed synergistic effect in the nanocomposite. The synthesized nanocomposite and nanoparticles were fully characterized using various analytical techniques. The ratio of MgFe2O4 and Mn3O4 in the nanocomposite was optimized. Catechol and resorcinol were taken as model polyphenols. The best PPO-activity was shown by MgFe2O4@Mn3O4 nanocomposite with of w/w ratio 1:2. The results correlated with its higher surface area. Reaction parameters viz. pH, temperature, contact time, substrate concentration, and nanoparticles dose were studied. The synthesized MgFe2O4@Mn3O4 nanocomposite was used for the detection of catechol in the linear range of 0.1–0.8 mM with the detection limit of 0.20 mM, and resorcinol in the range of 0.01–0.08 mM with the detection limit of 0.03 mM. The estimated total phenolic content of green and black tea correlated well with the conventional method. These results authenticate promising future potential of MgFe2O4@Mn3O4 nanocomposite as PPO-mimic

Kinetics and Adsorption Isotherms of Amine-Functionalized Magnesium Ferrite Produced Using Sol-Gel Method for Treatment of Heavy Metals in Wastewater.

This study is focused on the kinetics and adsorption isotherms of amine-functionalized magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) for treating the heavy metals in wastewater. A sol-gel route was adopted to produce MgFe2O4 nanoparticles. The surfaces of the MgFe2O4 nanoparticles were functionalized using primary amine (ethanolamine). The surface morphology, phase formation, and functionality of the MgFe2O4 nano-adsorbents were studied using the SEM, UV-visible, FTIR, and TGA techniques. The characterized nanoparticles were tested on their ability to adsorb the Pb2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ ions from the wastewater. The kinetic parameters and adsorption isotherms for the adsorption of the metal ions by the amine-functionalized MgFe2O4 were obtained using the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Langmuir, and Freundlich models. The pseudo-second order and Langmuir models best described the adsorption kinetics and isotherms, implying strong chemisorption via the formation of coordinative bonds between the amine groups and metal ions. The Langmuir equation revealed the highest adsorption capacity of 0.7 mmol/g for the amine-functionalized MgFe2O4 nano-adsorbents. The adsorption capacity of the nanoadsorbent also changed with the calcination temperature. The MgFe2O4 sample, calcined at 500 °C, removed the most of the Pb2+ (73%), Cu2+ (59%), and Zn2+ (62%) ions from the water.

Copper-doped magnesium ferrite and its composite with rGO: Synthesis, characterization, and degradation of organic effluents and antibacterial study

Magnesium ferrite (MgF), copper doped magnesium ferrite (CMgF), and their composite with rGO sheets were used to study the degradation of the organic pollutants and to perform antibacterial activity. The photocatalysts were prepared by the co-precipitation technique and characterized using X-rays diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) UV–visible, and fourier transfrom infrared microscopy (FT-IR), and photoelectrochemical analysis. The structure of the nanomaterials was confirmed via XRD. The functional group detection was carried out via FT-IR spectroscopy. The SEM technique was used to confirm the surface morphology of the prepared nanocatalysts. UV–Visible spectroscopy was used to measure the absorbance during the degradation experiment. The percentage photodegradation by CMgF@rGO of methylene blue was 92.4%, and that of benzimidazole was 50%. CMgF@rGO also showed better antibacterial activity against bacterial strains of Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus. The rGO layers can enhance the photodegradation efficiency of copper doped magnesium ferrite due to an increase in surface area. The EIS study revealed that CMgF@rGO illustrated 2.59 and 1.57 times less charge transfer resistance than MgF and CMgF samples. The CMgF@rGO composite separately showed 9.7-fold and 3.9-fold greater transient photocurrent response than MgF and CMgF samples. A scavenging experiment was carried out to determine the most reactive species; and hydroxyl radicals were found to be highly active species, and electrons were the least reactive species.

Methylene blue adsorption on magnesium ferrite: Optimization study, kinetics and reusability

The magnesium ferrite spinel was studied as an efficient Methylene blue adsorbent. Herein, the optimization of Methylene blue adsorption on magnesium ferrite was executed. The optimal adsorption conditions (pH, dose of adsorbent, and contact time) in terms of kinetic constraints were found. It was revealed that the crucial impact of film diffusion as well as intraparticle diffusion relies on methylene blue and adsorbent concentrations. The pseudo-second kinetic model was in good agreement with experiential adsorption data. The calcination temperature showed a significant impact on the adsorption capacity of magnesium ferrite adsorbent, and it was observed that the adsorption capacity decreased from 57.7 to 12.5 mg/g when the calcination temperature was increased from 400° to 800°C. The crystallite size and content of surface hydroxyl group were established as the main factors influencing the magnesium ferrite adsorbent performance. The XRD, FTIR, and XPS analyses of magnesium ferrite during dye adsorption-desorption demonstrated the structure stability and successful reusability of the adsorbent. High adsorption capacity and excellent regeneration efficiency of magnesium ferrite adsorbents proved its advantages and perspectives for wastewater treatment.

Overlapping large polaron tunnelling (OLPT) type conduction mechanism in magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) ceramics

Overlapping large polaron tunnelling (OLPT) type conduction mechanism in magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) ceramics

Humidity sensing behaviour of Rubidium-doped Magnesium ferrite for sensor applications

Humidity sensing behaviour of Rubidium-doped Magnesium ferrite for sensor applications

Tailoring the magnetic properties of Zn doped nickel, magnesium and cobalt ferrite ceramics

Zinc substituted cobalt, magnesium and nickel ferrites (M(1−x)ZnxFe2O4, x = 0.0, 0.5) were prepared using combustion reaction techniques. The particle sizes were roughly round shaped with 1 μm dimensions. The Zn2+ substitution led to the increase in the crystal parameters with higher densities. The band shift in FTIR spectra was observed at 600 cm−1 for the A-site doping. The obtained magnetic measurement results have demonstrated the effect of zinc substitution preferably in tetrahedral site on all the ferrites. More precisely, the maximum saturation magnetization and anisotropy value were observed for the Co–CoZn pairs. The magnetic parameters variation was presented through Yafet and Kittel model with the help of change in geometry of the interaction between A-B sites. Keywords: Spinel ferrite; A-B super-exchange; magnetic properties; high entropy oxides; Rietveld refinement.

Synthesis, Characterizations, and Magnetic Properties of Mixed Spinel Mg1-xZnxFe2O4 Ferrites

Mixed spinel Mg1-xZnxFe2O4 ferrites (where x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) nanoparticles were synthesized by using microwave-assisted combustion route. As-synthesized powdered samples were checked by XRD analysis, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, and vibration sample magnetometer to investigate the structural, morphology, and magnetic properties, respectively. XRD results exhibited that the crystallite size increases with the decrease of Zn+2 ion concentration for series of mixed spinel Mg1-xZnxFe2O4 ferrite expect x=0.2. All the mixed spinel Mg1-xZnxFe2O4 ferrite has different grain sizes with uniform distribution also presence voids in the samples. Pure magnesium ferrite has a lower net magnetization value but when magnesium ions (Mg+2) are replaced by zinc ions (Zn+2) then the value of saturation magnetization increases.

Environmental photochemistry by cobalt doped magnesium ferrites: UV light assisted degradation of anionic azo and cationic thiazine dyes

In the current study, cobalt magnesium ferrites (Mg0.8-xCoxFe2O4 for x values 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6) nanoparticles are prepared by combustion method. The morphology, optical, structural, photocatalytic, compositional and vibrational properties of Mg0.8-xCoxFe2O4 by the influence of cobalt doping is investigated. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the formation of spinel cubic phase of the prepared ferrites samples.The optical band gap energy shows a strong effect on crystallite size and increases from 4.2 to 4.4 eV as the concentration of cobalt gets increased. TEM images of Mg0.8-xCoxFe2O4 clearly reveal spherical nanoparticles with decreasing particle size which ranges from 16 to 10 nm. EDAX spectrum confirms the existence of Fe, Co, Mg and oxygen. The photocatalytic studies of Mg0.8-xCoxFe2O4 are performed for anionic and cationic dyes. The rate constant values of methylene blue are found as 0.017/min, 0.019/min and 0.022/min for Mg0.8-xCoxFe2O4 for x values 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 respectively. The degradation efficacy of the prepared samples to degrade methylene blue is high (95%) and it indicates that they may be efficient in degrading environmental pollutants and may prove out to be competent photo-catalyst.

Sol-gel extended hydrothermal pathway for novel Cd-Zn co-doped Mg-ferrite nano-structures and a systematic study of structural, optical and magnetic properties

The novel study of Cd-Zn co-doped Magnesium ferrites CdxZn1-xMg0.25Fe1.75O4 (where x = 0, 0.25, 0.75, 0.50, and 1.00) has been made successfully by adopting a facile sol-gel extended hydrothermal pathway. Structural, optical, and magnetic behavior of the Cd-Zn co-doped Magnesium ferrites were systematically analyzed. From the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns it was confirmed that the prepared samples have a cubic spinel structure. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) study revealed the agglomerated and irregular shape of Cd-Zn co-doped Magnesium ferrites nanoparticles. Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has been studied for the confirmation of the presence of (M-O) bonding in the synthesized samples. Furthermore, the synthesized samples showed two frequency bands related to phonon vibrational stretching in both octahedral and tetrahedral lattice positions. The PL spectrum revealed the strong emission peaks in the ultraviolet to the visible region of all the synthesized samples. Raman spectroscopy showed the formation of four active modes due to the cubic spinel structure of all samples.Finally, the magnetic characteristics are calculated by using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) showing ferrimagnetic and soft magnetic behavior of all the Magnesium ferrite samples. As the Cd and Zn co-doping in Mg ferrites was increased, the Hc was decreased. The magnetic studies revealed that the maximum Hc of 576 Oe and maximum saturation magnetization (Ms) appeared for the sample Cd0.50Zn0.50Mg0.25Fe1.75O4, carrying Cd/Zn in 50/50 ratio. It is envisaged that the novel preparation of Cd-Zn co-doped Magnesium ferrite would be suitable for several applications, for example, magnetic recording devices, actuators, high-density data storage devices sensors, and biomedical equipments.

Magnesium ferrite-nitrogen-doped graphene oxide nanocomposite: effective adsorptive removal of lead(II) and arsenic(III).

Magnetic nanocomposites have received immense interest as adsorbents for water decontamination. This paper presents adsorptive properties of nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (N-GO) with magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) magnetic nanocomposite for removing lead(II) (Pb(II)and arsenite As(III) ions. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of synthesized nanocomposite revealed the wrinkled sheets of N-GO containing MgFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) with particle size of 5-15nm distributed over its surface. This nanocomposite displayed higher BET surface area (72.2 m2g-1) than that of pristine MgFe2O4 NPs (38.4 m2g-1). Adsorption on the nanocomposite could be described by the Langmuir isotherm with the maximum adsorption capacities were 930mg/g, and 64.1mg/g for Pb(II) and As(III), respectively. Whereas, maximum removal efficiencies were observed to be 99.7 [Formula: see text] 0.2% and 93.5 [Formula: see text] 0.1% for Pb(II) and As(III), respectively. The study on the effect of coexisting anions on the adsorption of metal ions showed that the phosphate ions were potential competitors of Pb(II) and As(III) ions to adsorb on the nanocomposite. Significantly, the investigation on adsorption of metal ion in the presence of coexisting heavy metal ions indicated the preferential adsorption of Pb(II) ions as compared to Cd(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) ions. The effectiveness of the nanocomposite to remove the metal ions in electroplating wastewater was demonstrated.