Magnesium Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Enhancing antimicrobial and photocatalyst properties of Mg-doped ZnO nanotubes via novel laser-assisted chemical bath synthesis

Laser-Assisted Chemical Bath Synthesis (LACBS) was used to fabricate pure and magnesium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles. Analysis of these nanoparticles' structural, morphological, optical, and antimicrobial characteristics was conducted. This analysis spanned across varying concentrations of magnesium-doped zinc oxide from 1 % to 3 %. XRD confirmed the nanoparticles' crystalline nature, revealing the hexagonal wurtzite phase. SEM analysis showcased their nanometric domain existence and hexagonal crystalline morphology, transforming from nanorods to nanotubes. Optical analysis showed band gap energy decrease from 3.27 to 2.85 eV correlating with the magnesium doping concentration increase. Optical absorption displayed a distinctive redshift for the nanoparticles as magnesium concentration increased from 1 % to 3 %. Photocatalytic assessments highlighted the superior degradation ability of 3 % Mg-doped nanoparticles, showing a 98.04 % degradation rate against methylene orange dye under blue light exposure. Antimicrobial activity tests against various pathogens showed that Mg ions' incorporation significantly enhanced antimicrobial performance, demonstrating the effectiveness of the LACBS method.

Dental Composites with Magnesium Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Prevent Secondary Caries in the Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Model.

Antibacterial restorative materials against caries-causing bacteria are highly preferred among high-risk patients, such as the elderly, and patients with metabolic diseases such as diabetes. This study aimed to enhance the antibacterial potential of resin composite with Magnesium-doped Zinc oxide (Mg-doped ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) and to look for their effectiveness in the alloxan-induced diabetic model. Hexagonal Mg-doped ZnO NPs (22.3 nm diameter) were synthesized by co-precipitation method and characterized through ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The Mg-doped ZnO NPs (1, 2.5 and 5% w/w) were then evaluated for antibacterial activity using a closed system in vitro biofilm model. Significant enhancement in the antibacterial properties was observed in composites with 1% Mg-doped ZnO compared to composites with bare ZnO reinforced NPs (Streptococcus mutans, p = 0.0005; Enterococcus faecalis, p = 0.0074, Saliva microcosm, p < 0.0001; Diabetic Saliva microcosm, p < 0.0001). At 1-2.5% Mg-doped ZnO NPs concentration, compressive strength and biocompatibility of composites were not affected. The pH buffering effect was also achieved at these concentrations, hence not allowing optimal conditions for the anaerobic bacteria to grow. Furthermore, composites with Mg-doped ZnO prevented secondary caries formation in the secondary caries model of alloxan-induced diabetes. Therefore, Mg-doped ZnO NPs are highly recommended as an antibacterial agent for resin composites to avoid biofilm and subsequent secondary caries formation in high-risk patients.

Environmental and biomedical applications in the synthesis and structural, optical, elemental characterizations of Mg doped ZnO nanoparticles using Coleus aromaticus leaf extract

Green nanotechnology is critical in the development of novel and successful treatment techniques for wide range of diseases. Biological production of metal nanoparticles has traditionally been recognized as an effective replacement to current chemical methodologies. The green production of Magnesium doped Zinc oxide nanoparticles (Mg-ZnO NPs) was produced using Coleus aromaticus leaves extract. The crystalline structure was observed in the X-ray diffraction pattern, with an approximate crystalline size of 30nm. The metal oxygen bonding in the prepared sample is clearly visible in the FTIR spectrum. The UV-Visible analysis confirms the SPR band at 371nm and the band gap energy is found to be 3.38 eV. The particle size analyzer (DLS) reveals the Mg-ZnO NPs size range between 40-60 nm. The photoluminescence spectrum represented emission peak in the visible region (627 nm). FESEM images portrayed hexagonal and spherical shaped Mg-ZnO NPs. The existence of Mg, Zn, and O revealed the formation of homogeneous Mg-ZnO NPs in the EDAX spectrum and tracing. The antimicrobial assay depicted good toxicity against bacterial and fungal strains. The antioxidant assay expressed potential free radical scavenging compared to the standard ascorbic acid. High anti-diabetic behavior was achieved in anti-diabetic α–glucosidase inhibition assay. Our results revealed that Mg-ZnO NPs produced from C. aromaticus leaf extract might be a safe and efficacious resource of UV protective, anti‒bacterial, and anti‒diabetic compounds. • Mg doped ZnO NPs was green synthesized via C. aromaticus L. extract. • Hexagonal shape of NPs was observed from SEM. • High anti-diabetic behavior of Mg-ZnO NPs was obtained.

Microstructure, surface morphology and anticancer activity of magnesium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles

Depending upon their origin and synthesis methods, nanoparticles possess unique physicochemical, structural and morphological characteristics, which are important in a wide variety of applications concomitant to various fields. In the present work, Magnesium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles with different concentrations (5 atomic % and 10 atomic %) are prepared and the prepared samples are annealed at 200 ⸰C for 2 h in a muffle furnace. The structure, surface morphology, chemical composition, optical properties and photoluminescence properties were analyzed using standard procedures. The antioxidant potential and cytotoxicity against the breast cancer MDAMB231 cancer cell line of prepared nanoparticles were explored. A simple, economical soft chemical method was used. The XRD analysis confirmed the presence of hexagonal wurtzite phase with a space group P63mc all the prepared samples. The estimated average grain size for the sample MZ2 (18.16 nm) was smaller than the other samples. The SEM micrograph showed that the morphology of the samples were exhibited the rod shape (MZ1, MZ2 and MZ4) and flower shape (MZ3). The purity of the samples was confirmed by EDAX data. The estimated band gap energy of sample MZ1 and sample MZ3 were 3.41e V and 3.38 e V from the UV-vis analysis. The FT-IR spectra of the samples predicted the presence of functional groups for Zn-O and Mg-O bonds. The PL analysis displayed a strong UV emission peak at 387 nm and a green emission peak at 557 nm. The results of the prepared samples prove the potential toxicity against MDAMB231 breast cancer cell line.

Cytotoxic performance of green synthesized Ag and Mg dual doped ZnO NPs using Salvadora persica extract against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-10 cells

In this study, dual doped Zinc oxide nanoparticles consisted of silver and magnesium were prepared by Salvadora persica extract. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis displayed the formation of wurtzite ZnO phase nanostructures and dual doped nanoparticles. The morphological observations of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the hexagonal morphology of prepared nanoparticles. The Raman scattering of this product exhibited the first and second orders of polar and non-polar modes that are the characteristic bonds of a wurtzite structure. The toxicity effects of synthesized un-doped, as well as Ag and Mg dual doped ZnO NPs on breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-231) and breast normal cell (MCF-10A) lines, were investigated by the means of MTT test. Accordingly, in comparison to the case of silver and magnesium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles, the un-doped ZnO NPs caused a more toxic impact on MDA-MB-231cells. There was a lack of any significant toxicity effects from un-doped and Ag and Mg dual doped ZnO nanoparticles on the experimented normal cell line (MCF-10A). The gathered results were indicative of a lower toxicity effect in doped nanoparticles when compared to un-doped nanoparticles and therefore, it can be stated that the doping of silver and magnesium metals produces more reliable zinc oxide nanoparticles.

Antibacterial study of Eucalyptus grandis fabricated zinc oxide and magnesium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles and its characterization

Mg-doped zinc oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared by using methanolic seed extract from the Eucalyptus grandis plant via a green approach. Phytoconstituents present in seed extract act as capping and stabilizing agents for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles. Doping of Mg to zinc oxide nanoparticles increases the bandgap energy, thus enhancing its chemical, physical and optical properties. Further, it was characterized by various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy giving morphological information about the wurtzite hexagonal structure of bio-synthesized nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction technique tells about the crystalline nature of particles and the average crystallite size for zinc oxide and doped zinc oxide nanoparticles. Mg as a dopant enhances the properties of nanoparticles, thus making it more efficiently applicable as an antibacterial agent against Escherichia coli, gram-negative bacteria.

Synthesis and Characterization of Undoped and Magnesium Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

Undoped and Mg-doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method. The synthesized nanoparticles are successfully characterized by XRD, SEM, and UV-visible analysis. The Structure, Morphology, and Optical activity of the synthesized nanoparticle were studied with respect to ZnxMg1-xO (where x= 0, 2.5%M and 7.5%M). The XRD patterns revealed the wurtzite structure for all the nano samples. XRD studies confirmed that the crystalline size increased with increase in Mg content. The surface morphology of the prepared pure and Mg doped ZnO nanoparticles are investigated by SEM analysis. Optical characterization reveals that band gap energy decreases from 3.24 to 3.13 eV with Mg doping. UV-Visible results revealed that absorption underwent a red shift with Mg into ZnO as compared to pure ZnO.

Effect of magnesium dopant on the structural, morphological and electrical properties of ZnO nanoparticles by sol–gel method

The undoped Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and Magnesium doped Zinc Oxide nanoparticles were produced by sol–gel method and the obtained nanoparticles were annealed at 400 °C. The effect of magnesium as dopant at various molar concentrations (Zn1-x Mgx O; x = 0, 0.2, 0.4) on the Structural, Optical, Morphological and Electrical properties were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Photo luminescence, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Electron Impedance Spectroscopy. The XRD pattern confirms wurtzite structure without secondary phase in Mg substituted ZnO samples. Magnesium substitution decreases the crystallite size as the percentage of Magnesium is increased. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was carried out to analyze the electrical properties of undoped ZnO and Magnesium doped Zinc Oxide nanoparticles.

Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of the Magnesium-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles with Chloramphenicol

Emergence of drug resistance in bacteria for an array of antibiotics has created a demand for the discovery of novel drugs. In this study, we mixed the existing antibiotic and nanoparticle to determine their combined effect on bacteria. The magnesium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Mg-doped ZnO NPs) were prepared through co-precipitation method by cost-effective manner. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the synthesized Mg-doped ZnO NPs exhibited wurtzite hexagonal structure. The average crystallite size is 33 nm for Mg-doped ZnO NPs. The Zn–O stretching bands appeared at 416 cm−1 for Mg-doped ZnO NPs determined using FT-IR spectra. Mg-doped ZnO NPs form nanoflake-like structures with an average thickness of 62 nm that was confirmed in HRSEM. Elemental compositions of nanomaterials were identified by EDX spectra. In order to explore new strategies to develop the next generation of drug and antibiotics agents to control human pathogen. The enhancement of antibacterial activity was exhibited against the selected human bacterial pathogens S. aureus, E. lentum, P. vulgaris, and E. aerogens, when antibiotic (chloramphenicol) was mixed with ZnO:Mg NPs than the individual components. Hence, this study concluded the synergistic effect of antibiotic and nanoparticle, which could be used to develop viable antibacterial drug. The cytotoxic effect of Mg-doped ZnO NPs was examined in cultured (MCF-7) human breast cancer cells.

Magnesium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles alter biofilm formation of Proteus mirabilis.

Aim:Proteus mirabilis biofilms colonize medical devices, and their role in microbial pathogenesis is well established. Magnesium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO:MgO NPs) have potential antimicrobial properties; thus, we aimed at evaluating the antibiofilm activity of ZnO:MgO NPs against P. mirabilis biofilm. Materials & methods: After synthesis and characterization of ZnO:MgO NPs and their addition to a polymer film, we evaluated the stages of P. mirabilis biofilm development over glass coverslip covered by different concentrations of ZnO:MgO NPs. Results: Low concentrations of ZnO:MgO NPs affect the development of P. mirabilis biofilm. Descriptors showed reduced values in bacterial number, bacterial volume and extracellular material. Conclusion: Our results highlight this new application of ZnO:MgO NPs as a potential antibiofilm strategy in medical devices.

Optical, thermal, and structural properties of polyurethane in Mg-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles for antibacterial activity

This study pertains to the different contents (0, 1, 2.5, and 5%) of 0.010-M magnesium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (MgZnO NPs) incorporated into the polyurethane (PU) polymer matrix. The prepared MgZnO NPs/PU composite films were characterized by UV–vis DRS, FT-IR, TGA, DSC, and SEM analyses. The UV–vis DRS spectral analysis clearly exhibited the composite film absorption peaks at 280 and 366 nm. The FT-IR spectral analysis clearly exhibited MgZnO NPs corresponding to 562 cm−1. The optical transmittance of the PU films decreased with increasing MgZnO NP content. The TGA analysis of the composite films indicated a higher weight loss when compared to the pure PU film. The SEM images confirmed the presence of MgZnO NPs embedded in the PU matrix. The prepared composite films were tested for antibacterial activity against the gram-negative (Escherichia coli DH5α) bacterial strain. The effect of the antibacterial rate of the composite films indicated 0%, 67.6%, 73.5%, and 93.3%. However, the physicochemical properties and antibacterial activities were highly dependent on the changes in the chemical and morphological structure and increased the content of MgZnO NPs in the composite films. We believe that the effect of Mg doping could enhance the antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs for the E. coli DH5α strain. The bactericidal ability of MgZnO NPs/PU composite films can be useful for food packaging applications and can extend the shelf life of agricultural products.

Zinc Oxide- and Magnesium-Doped Zinc Oxide-Decorated Nanocomposites of Reduced Graphene Oxide as Friction and Wear Modifiers

Zinc oxide (ZnO) and magnesium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles, Zn0.88Mg0.12O (ZMO), were prepared by autocombustion method. Further, nanocomposites of the as-prepared nanoparticles with microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets, ZnO-rGO and ZMO-rGO, have also been prepared with a view to see the effect of doping of magnesium in zinc oxide on the tribological properties of the nanocomposite. Morphologies of nanoparticles/nanosheets and their nanohybrids have been studied by employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/high-resolution (HR) SEM with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM)/HR-TEM, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, UV-visible, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. Triboactivity of the additives in paraffin oil has been interpreted considering the parameters mean wear scar diameter, coefficient of friction, load-carrying capacity, and wear rates obtained from ASTM D4172 and ASTM D5183 tests using a four-ball lubricant tester at optimized concentration (0.125% w/v). The performance of base lube and its admixtures has been found to lie in the order ZMO-rGO > ZnO-rGO > ZMO > ZnO > rGO > paraffin oil. Outstanding enhancement in triboactivity of nanocomposites, particularly that of ZMO-rGO indicates that nanoparticles are irrefutably instrumental in reinforcement of rGO, and on the other hand, rGO is associated with abatement of agglomeration of the nanoparticles. Thus, interactions between rGO and nanoparticles are vehemently synergic in nature. It is noteworthy that the best results were obtained with the following optimized concentrations: ZnO/ZMO 0.25%; rGO 0.15% and composites 0.125% w/v. Morphological studies of the wear track lubricated with different additives have been performed using SEM and contact mode atomic force microscopy. Results are in conformity with the order given above. The EDX analysis of ZMO-rGO exhibits the presence of zinc and magnesium on the worn surface, supporting their role in the formation of in situ tribofilm. Their role is further corroborated by XPS studies. Owing to their excellent tribological behavior, these sulfur- and phosphorus-free composites may be recommended as potential wear and friction modifiers.

Impact of l-Arginine and l-Histidine on the structural, optical and antibacterial properties of Mg doped ZnO nanoparticles tested against extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing Escherichia coli.

Magnesium doped Zinc oxide nanoparticles (Mg:ZnO NPs) were synthesized by co-precipitation method. The synthesized Mg:ZnO NPs exhibited hexagonal wurtzite structure, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction results. After structural confirmation of Mg doped ZnO NPs, base amino acids like l-Arginine and l-Histidine were separately incorporated with the Mg: ZnO NPs. l-Arginine added Mg:ZnO (Mg:ZnO:LA) and l-Histidine added Mg:ZnO (Mg:ZnO: LH) NPs retained the same wurtzite hexagonal structure and average crystallite sizes of Mg: ZnO:LA and Mg: ZnO:LH NPs were found to be 25 nm and 20 nm respectively. The sizes of Mg:ZnO:LH and Mg: ZnO: LA NPs decreased as compared to that of the Mg doped ZnO NPs. From the FT-IR spectra, the ZnO stretching frequencies were observed at 516, 517 and 518 cm-1 for Mg:ZnO, Mg:ZnO: LA and Mg: ZnO:LH NPs respectively. From the FESEM images, the morphologies of ZnO:Mg and ZnO:Mg:LA NPs were spherical and the Mg: ZnO: LH NPs formed nano-flakes structure. From the EDAX study, the amount of elements incorporated in the samples was determined. The photoluminescence measurements revealed the existence of zinc vacancies, oxygen vacancies and surface defects of the samples. Antibacterial activity of the amino acid added Mg doped ZnO NPs was studied against extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing Escherichia coli (E. coli).The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the LH added ZnO:Mg NPs was found to be 1000 μg/ml for which the growth of E. coli completely inhibited. l-Histidine added Mg doped ZnO NPs showed the highest antibacterial activity as compared to that of the Mg:ZnO NPs and ZnO:Mg:LA NPs.

Magnesium doping in hierarchical ZnO nanostructures and studies on optical properties

Magnesium doping in hierarchical zinc oxide nanostructures has been carried out using an aqueous method. The XRD results confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure for the magnesium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles. On doping with Mg2+, there is a change in morphology of the hierarchical nanostructures to nanorods. The optical absorption and photoluminescence properties of the nanostructures depend on the magnesium doping level. A blue shift of the band gap absorption and the near band edge emission is observed on Mg doping.