1H Magic Angle Spinning Research Articles

Commonality and Biosynthesis of the O-Methyl Phosphoramidate Capsule Modification in Campylobacter jejuni

In this study we investigated the commonality and biosynthesis of the O-methyl phosphoramidate (MeOPN) group found on the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of Campylobacter jejuni. High resolution magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy was used as a rapid, high throughput means to examine multiple isolates, analyze the cecal contents of colonized chickens, and screen a library of CPS mutants for the presence of MeOPN. Sixty eight percent of C. jejuni strains were found to express the MeOPN with a high prevalence among isolates from enteritis, Guillain Barré, and Miller-Fisher syndrome patients. In contrast, MeOPN was not observed for any of the Campylobacter coli strains examined. The MeOPN was detected on C. jejuni retrieved from cecal contents of colonized chickens demonstrating that the modification is expressed by bacteria inhabiting the avian gastrointestinal tract. In C. jejuni 11168H, the cj1415-cj1418 cluster was shown to be involved in the biosynthesis of MeOPN. Genetic complementation studies and NMR/mass spectrometric analyses of CPS from this strain also revealed that cj1421 and cj1422 encode MeOPN transferases. Cj1421 adds the MeOPN to C-3 of the beta-d-GalfNAc residue, whereas Cj1422 transfers the MeOPN to C-4 of D-glycero-alpha-L-gluco-heptopyranose. CPS produced by the 11168H strain was found to be extensively modified with variable MeOPN, methyl, ethanolamine, and N-glycerol groups. These findings establish the importance of the MeOPN as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for C. jejuni and set the groundwork for future studies aimed at the detailed elucidation of the MeOPN biosynthetic pathway.

High-Resolution Solid-State NMR Studies of Poly(vinyl phosphonic acid) Proton-Conducting Polymer: Molecular Structure and Proton Dynamics

The structure and the local proton mobility of poly(vinyl phosphonic acid) were studied by solid-state NMR under fast magic-angle spinning. At elevated temperatures, the signature of the hydrogen-bonded P-OH protons is observed in 1H magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR as a single resonance at 10.5 ppm. Both 1H double-quantum NMR and variable-temperature experiments demonstrate that P-OH protons are mobile and thus able to contribute to proton conductivity. Below room temperature, two different types of hydrogen-bonded P-OH resonances are observed at 10.5 and 15 ppm, and 1H double-quantum NMR demonstrates that these protons are immobile on the NMR time scale. By means of first-principles calculations of a model polymer, we have assigned the additional hydrogen-bonded species at lower temperatures to phosphonic acid anhydride and charged anhydride. Also, in the 31P MAS NMR spectrum, two distinct resonances appear, arising from "normal" phosphonic acid and phosphonic acid anhydride. 31P double-quantum NMR experiments reveal that there is no phase segregation between normal and phosphonic acid anhydride and the condensation reaction occurs randomly throughout the system. The formation of acid anhydride leads to a decrease in proton conductivity through two mechanisms, (1) decrease in the number of charge carriers and (2) blockage of charge transport pathways through immobilization of charge carriers together with a hindered reorientation of the anhydride group. Our results provide strong evidence for these mechanisms by demonstrating that the conductivity is greatly influenced by the presence of phosphonic acid anhydride.

A magic angle spinning NMR study of xerogels functionalized by 3-mercaptopropyl groups

1H magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy was used to study xerogels containing the 3-mercaptopropyl group. These xerogels were synthesized using tetraethoxysilane, 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane, and 1,4-bis(triethoxysilyl)benzene as structuring agents. The assignment of the NMR signals observed showed the presence of thiol groups introduced during syntheses and organic bridges in the frame of polysilsesquioxane samples. An analysis of the 1H magic angle spinning NMR spectra also showed the presence of small amounts of alcohols, water participating in H-bonding, and nonhydrolyzed alkoxyl groups in the xerogels. In several instances, the structural units of T n and Q m types present in the xerogels were identified. The 1H magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy combined with 13C and 29Si solid-state NMR spectroscopy allows the composition of xerogels and the nature of the structural units they contain to be identified more thoroughly and reliably.

A Solid-State NMR Study of Water in Poly(vinyl butyral) by Magic Angle Spinning

Poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) with different wt% water was studied gravimetrically as well as with 1H magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The composition of PVB samples changes during MAS NMR because of the centrifugal force. As MAS time progresses, initially free water was removed fast but bound water also was gradually depleted. More water was diminished at faster spinning speeds, longer spinning time, higher temperatures, and higher initial water contents. As water in PVB was reduced, the chemical shifts and line widths of different types of water and also those of PVB changed. Our results demonstrate that 1H MAS NMR carried out at 10 kHz in less than about 5 minutes is a convenient and sensitive technique to measure: (a) the content variations of different types of water in polymers, (b) the degree of the interaction of water and polymer, and (c) the molecular dynamics of the polymer. Our study can be extended to different soft polymers with other small molecules than water in them.

Multinuclear Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy of Doped Lanthanum Fluoride Nanoparticles

Multinuclear solid-state NMR spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments are applied to comprehensively characterize a series of pure and lanthanide-doped LaF3 nanoparticles (NPs) that are capped with di-n-octadectyldithiophosphate ligands (Ln3+ = diamagnetic Y3+ and Sc3+ and paramagnetic Yb3+ ions), as well as correlated bulk microcrystalline materials (LaF3, YF3, and ScF3). Solid-state 139La and 19F NMR spectroscopy of bulk LaF3 and the LaF3 NPs reveal that the inorganic core of the NP retains the LaF3 structure at the molecular level; however, inhomogeneous broadening of the NMR powder patterns arises from distributions of 139La and 19F NMR interactions, confirming a gradual change in the La and F site environments from the NP core to the surface. 139La and 19F NMR experiments also indicate that low levels (5 and 10 mol %) of Ln3+ doping do not significantly change the LaF3 structure in the NP core. Similar doping levels of paramagnetic Yb3+ ions severely broaden 19F resonances, but only marginally effect 139La powder patterns, suggesting that the dopant ions are uniformly distributed throughout the NP core and occupy vacant La sites. Measurements of 139La T1 and T2 relaxation constants are seen to vary between the bulk material and NPs and between samples with diamagnetic and paramagnetic dopants. 45Sc NMR experiments confirm that the dopants are integrated into the La sites of the LaF3 core. Solid-state 1H and 31P magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra aid in probing the nature of the capping ligands and their interactions at the NP surface. 31P cross-polarization (CP)/MAS NMR experiments identify not only the dithiophosphate head groups but also thiophosphate and phosphate species which may form during NP synthesis. Finally, 19F-31P CP/MAS and 1H MAS experiments confirm that ligands are coordinated to the NP surface.

Study the effects of mechanical activation on Li–N–H systems with 1H and 6Li solid-state NMR

To gain insight into the effects of mechanical activation (MA) on the hydrogen desorption of the lithium amide (LiNH 2) and lithium hydride (LiH) mixture, LiNH 2 and LiH + LiNH 2 were mechanically activated by high-energy ball milling. The formed products were studied with in situ 1H and 6Li nuclear magic angle spinning (MAS) magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy from ambient temperature to 180 °C. Up-field chemical shift was observed in 6Li MAS NMR spectra with increased milling time, indicating that average local electronic structure around Li nuclei was modified during MA. 1H MAS NMR was used to dynamically probe ammonia release from the activated LiNH 2 at temperature as low as 50 °C. In the case of activated LiH + LiNH 2 mixtures, the 1H MAS NMR results implied that MA enhanced the dehydrogenation reaction of LiNH 2 + LiH = Li 2NH + H 2.

Interactions between Nafion resin and protonated dodecylamine modified montmorillonite: A solid state NMR study

A series of nanocomposites have been prepared from perfluorosulfonylfluoride copolymer resin (Nafion) and layered montmorillonite (MMT) modified with protonated dodecylamine by conventional sol–gel intercalation. The structure of these nanocomposite materials have been characterized using FT-IR, elemental analysis, XRD and solid state NMR techniques, including 19F magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR, 19F NMR relaxation time measurements, 29Si MAS, 1H MAS, 1H- 13C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CPMAS), and 1H- 13C heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) 2D NMR. The results showed that thermal stability of Nafion was improved moderately by the addition of dodecylamine modified MMT without intercalation. FT-IR and 29Si MAS NMR results indicated that dodecylamine modification did not result in obvious changes in the MMT lattice structure. The XRD results showed that the protonated dodecylamine has been embedded and intercalated into the MMT interlayers, whereas Nafion was not. Elemental analysis results also suggested that some dodecylamine was adsorbed on the surface of MMT. 1H- 13C HETCOR 2D NMR experiment clearly indicated that strong electrostatic interactions were present between the NH + 3 group of dodecylamine and the fluorine-containing groups ( CF 3, OCF 2, and SCF 2) of Nafion resin. Such electrostatic interactions are probably the major contributors for the improved thermal stability of the resultant composite materials.

Removal of copolymer template from SBA-15 studied by 1H MAS NMR

SBA-15 samples before and after copolymer template removal by thermal treatment or solvent washing were checked with 1H magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance which was proved to be the most sensitive technique to check the complete removal of organic templates. During thermal treatment surface hydroxyl groups exchanging with waters were reduced and isolated silanol groups were increased. Washing in ethanol was 3 times more effective than in water to remove P123. SBA-15 structure changed to less ordered state in the aspect of chemical bonding by thermal treatment, but did not by washing.

Phosphorus speciation in calcite speleothems determined from solid-state NMR spectroscopy

Variations in speleothem P concentration show cyclic patterns that have important implications for high resolution palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. However, little is known about the speciation of P in calcite speleothems. Here we employ solid-state 31P and 1H magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopic techniques as a non-destructive method for analyzing the distribution of P in speleothems. The 31P MAS NMR results show three peaks indicating the presence of three primary types of phosphate species in samples from the Grotta di Ernesto (northeastern Italy): a broad peak at a chemical shift δ P-31 = 3.1 to 3.7 ppm from individual phosphate ions incorporated within calcite, a narrow set of peaks near δ P-31 = − 0.9 ppm from crystalline monetite and a narrow peak at δ P-31 = 2.9 ppm from an unidentified crystalline phosphate phase. Essentially identical results were obtained for a synthetic calcite/phosphate coprecipitate. Spectra collected for a sample from Grotte de Clamouse (southern France) show only a broad peak near 3.5 ppm suggesting a possible limit for phosphate incorporation into the calcite structure. These data suggest that P in this system can interact to form calcium phosphate surface precipitates during infiltration events and are subsequently enclosed during calcite growth.

Base-induced Brönsted Acid Sites on Dealuminated HY Zeolite: A Solid-state NMR Spectroscopy Study

Using trimethylphosphine (TMP) and d 5-pyridine(deuterated pyridine) as the basic probe molecules, the concentrations of Brönsted acid sites on both HY zeolite and dealuminated HY zeolite have been quantitatively determined using solid-state 1H and 31P magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR. After adsorption of the probe molecules, the concentration of Brönsted acid sites on the dealuminated HY zeolite increases by about 25%, whereas that in the parent HY sample remains almost unchanged. The increase in the concentration of Brönsted acid sites is due to the appearance of base-induced Brönsted acid sites in the dealuminated HY zeolite. The terminal SiOH in the vicinity of the aluminum atom is “induced” to form a bridging hydroxyl group (SiOHAl) in the presence of the basic probe molecules. The mechanism of formation of the induced Brönsted acid sites has also been discussed.

Physical, Crystallographic, and Spectroscopic Characterization of a Crystalline Pharmaceutical Hydrate: Understanding the Role of Water

The single-crystal X-ray diffraction structure of the sodium salt of N-(3-(aminosulfonyl)-4-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-N‘-(2,3-dichlorophenyl) urea at 173 K is reported. The structure contains 3 mol of water situated in distinct channels in the vicinity of the sodium cation. Powders of this phase undergo isomorphic dehydration, losing 0.5% w/w water between 90 and 15% relative humidity (RH) at 25 °C without changing the powder X-ray pattern. Below 15% RH and above 50 °C, additional dehydration occurs in conjunction with a reversible phase transition. A third semicrystalline dehydrated phase appears after vacuum-drying and at high temperatures and also can be reversibly rehydrated to the original form. Single crystals of the dehydrated phases could not be prepared, so a combination of methods were used to understand the structural changes occurring during the desolvation process, including thermal analysis, vapor sorption measurements, variable-humidity and variable-temperature powder X-ray diffraction, vibrational spectroscopy, and 1H, 13C, 15N, and 23Na magic-angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR. The uptake of water vapor into the trihydrate form was investigated by NMR and vibrational spectroscopy using isotopically labeled water. Static 2H and 17O NMR quadrupolar line shape analysis combined with changes in MAS spectra showed exchanged sites on the parent and water molecules. The results indicate that two moles of ion-associated water in the larger tunnel are more labile than a hydrogen-bonded mole of water. Entire water molecules can exchange into the lattice to a small extent, but more efficient hydrogen transfer exchange is observed in the main channel and a smaller perpendicular side channel. The exchanged water deuterons execute rapid three-site jump motions at 273 K.

Influences of pretreatment temperature on the surface silylation of diatomaceous amorphous silica with trimethylchlorosilane

Diatomaceous amorphous silica samples were modified by silylation using trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS). The resultant materials were characterized by using thermogravimetry (TG), 1H magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (1H MAS NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and chemical analysis. The degree of silylation was found to increase with the increasing temperature of thermal pretreatment on diatomaceous silica prior to silylation. Increment of the pretreated temperature leads to stepwise removal of physisorbed water followed by the dehydration of capping water that H-bonded with the surface silanols, resulting in exposure of more and more isolated and H-bonded silanols previously covered by water molecules. Among these exposed silanols, isolated silanols show high activity for silylation reaction but H-bonded ones show poor activity. The maximum degree of surface attachment of TMCS grafted onto the diatomaceous silica (about 1.81mmol TMCS groups per gram of silica) was shown in the sample pretreated at 1100°C, in which the amount of exposed isolated silanols get the maximum. The fundamental information derived from this work is of significance in well understanding the surface silylation reaction of diatomaceous silica and providing useful information for related industrial production.

Metabolome, transcriptome, and bioinformatic cis-element analyses point to HNF-4 as a central regulator of gene expression during enterocyte differentiation

DNA-binding transcription factors bind to promoters that carry their binding sites. Transcription factors therefore function as nodes in gene regulatory networks. In the present work we used a bioinformatic approach to search for transcription factors that might function as nodes in gene regulatory networks during the differentiation of the small intestinal epithelial cell. In addition we have searched for connections between transcription factors and the villus metabolome. Transcriptome data were generated from mouse small intestinal villus, crypt, and fetal intestinal epithelial cells. Metabolome data were generated from crypt and villus cells. Our results show that genes that are upregulated during fetal to adult and crypt to villus differentiation have an overrepresentation of potential hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4 binding sites in their promoters. Moreover, metabolome analyses by magic angle spinning (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that the villus epithelial cells contain higher concentrations of lipid carbon chains than the crypt cells. These findings suggest a model where the HNF-4 transcription factor influences the villus metabolome by regulating genes that are involved in lipid metabolism. Our approach also identifies transcription factors of importance for crypt functions such as DNA replication (E2F) and stem cell maintenance (c-Myc).

The Diversity of the Liquid Ordered (L o) Phase of Phosphatidylcholine/Cholesterol Membranes: A Variable Temperature Multinuclear Solid-State NMR and X-Ray Diffraction Study

To investigate the properties of a pure liquid ordered (L o) phase in a model membrane system, a series of saturated phosphatidylcholines combined with cholesterol were examined by variable temperature multinuclear ( 1H, 2H, 13C, 31P) solid-state NMR spectroscopy and x-ray scattering. Compositions with cholesterol concentrations ≥40 mol %, well within the L o phase region, are shown to exhibit changes in properties as a function of temperature and cholesterol content. The 2H-NMR data of both cholesterol and phospholipids were used to more accurately map the L o phase boundary. It has been established that the gel-L o phase coexistence extends to 60 mol % cholesterol and a modified phase diagram is presented. Combined 1H-, 2H-, 13C-NMR, and x-ray scattering data indicate that there are large changes within the L o phase region, in particular, 1H-magic angle spinning NMR and wide-angle x-ray scattering were used to examine the in-plane intermolecular spacing, which approaches that of a fluid L α phase at high temperature and high cholesterol concentrations. Although it is well known for cholesterol to broaden the gel-to-fluid transition temperature, we have observed, from the 13C magic angle spinning NMR data, that the glycerol region can still undergo a “melting”, though this is broadened with increasing cholesterol content and changes with phospholipid chain length. Also from 2H-NMR order parameter data it was observed that the effect of temperature on chain length became smaller with increasing cholesterol content. Finally, from the cholesterol order parameter, it has been previously suggested that it is possible to determine the degree to which cholesterol associates with different phospholipids. However, we have found that by taking into account the relative temperature above the phase boundary this relationship may not be correct.

Acid sites in mesoporous Al-SBA-15 material as revealed by solid-state NMR spectroscopy

The nature of acid sites in Al-SBA-15 materials with various Si/Al ratios was studied by various NMR techniques including 27Al, 29Si, 1H, 31P MAS (magic-angle spinning), and some double-resonance methods such as 1H/ 27Al transfer of population in double resonance (TRAPDOR). XRD and 27Al NMR results indicate that Al has been successfully incorporated into the framework of SBA-15 materials by post-synthesis method. The bridging hydroxyl groups (SiOHAl) associated with Brönsted acid sites are invisible either in 1H MAS or in 1H/ 27Al TRAPDOR spectra of the dehydrated Al-SBA-15 materials. However, after the adsorption of basic probe molecules, such as trimethylphosphine oxide (TMPO), trimethylphosphine (TMP) and acetone, 31P MAS and 13C CP MAS NMR experiments strongly support the presence of Brönsted acid sites. NMR results suggest that Brönsted acid sites in dehydrated Al-SBA-15 materials are in the form of terminal silanol groups in the vicinity of aluminum atoms that can be induced to generate the bridging hydroxyl groups by the adsorbed basic probe molecules. Although the acid strength of Al-SBA-15 materials detected by different probe molecules is different, it is comparable to that of microporous zeolites. It is noteworthy that no Lewis acid site can be found in the Al-SBA-15 materials.

Quantification of homonuclear dipolar coupling networks from magic-angle spinning 1H NMR

Numerical simulations of magic-angle spinning (MAS) spectra of dipolar-coupled nuclear spins have been used to assess different approaches to the quantification of dipolar couplings from 1H solid-state NMR. Exploiting the translational symmetry of periodic spin systems allows extended networks with ‘realistic’ numbers of spins to be considered. The experimentally accessible parameter is shown to be the root-sum-square of the dipolar couplings to a given spin. The effectiveness of either fitting the resulting spinning sideband spectra to small spin system models, or using analyses based on moment expansions, has been examined. Fitting of the spinning sideband pattern is found to be considerably more robust with respect to experimental noise than frequency domain moment analysis. The influence of the MAS rate and system geometry on robustness of the quantification is analysed and discussed.

Metabolite identification in human liver needle biopsies by high-resolution magic angle spinning1H NMR spectroscopy

High-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) 1H NMR spectroscopy of intact human liver needle biopsies has not been previously reported. HR-MAS NMR spectra collected on 17 specimens with tissue amounts between approximately 0.5 and 12 mg showed very good spectral resolution and signal-to-noise ratios. One-dimensional 1H spectra revealed many intense signals corresponding to cellular metabolites. In addition, some high molecular weight metabolites, such as glycogen and mobile fatty acids, could be observed in some spectra. Resonance assignments for 22 metabolites were obtained by combining the analysis of three different types of 1D 1H spectral editing, such as T2 filtering or the nuclear Overhauser effect and 2D TOCSY and 13C-HSQC spectra. Biochemical stability of the liver tissue during up to 16 h of magic angle spinning at 277 K was studied. Biochemical trends corresponding to the different pathologies were observed, involving free fragments of lipids among other metabolites. NMR signal intensity ratios can be useful for discrimination among non-pathological, hepatitis C affected and cirrhotic liver tissues. Overall, this work demonstrates the applicability of HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy to the biochemical characterization of needle biopsies of the human liver.

The stability of poly( m-carborane-siloxane) elastomers exposed to heat and gamma radiation

Poly( m-carboranyl-siloxane) elastomers containing a mixture of di-methyl- and methylphenyl-silyl units were synthesised using the ferric chloride catalysed condensation reaction between di-chloro-diorganosilane and bis(di-methylmethoxysilyl)- m-carborane. These elastomeric materials were originally developed to have greater stability to extreme thermal environments and retain tailorable physical and chemical properties relative to comparable non-carborane containing elastomers. Prepared samples were aged either by heating in air at elevated temperatures or by gamma irradiation from a 60Co source. Multinuclear ( 1H, 13C and 11B) solid and solution state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to assess degradation. This included measurements of segmental chain dynamics using a solid-echo pulse sequence reflecting changes in crosslink density and assessing changes to the carborane fragment by 11B and 1H Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) methods. Thermogravimetric measurements were also performed to assess thermal stability. Gamma radiation (to a dose of 1 MGy) was found to induce only a small degree of elastomer hardening as evidenced by a reduction in segmental chain dynamics. The carborane cage however, remained intact at these dose levels. Thermal degradation was observed to lead to oxidative crosslinking, the degree of which is dependent on temperature. At temperatures below 350 °C, only small changes in segmental dynamics were observed commensurate with only minor weight loss at this temperature. At temperatures above 350 °C, the degradation of the elastomer increased dramatically with decreased segmental dynamics and presumed partial oxidation of the carborane cage. The integrity of the m-carborane cage and the segmental dynamics were found to be significantly reduced at temperatures above 580 °C, in line with the known cage rearrangement temperature for icosahedral carboranes.

Exploration of the direct metabolic effects of mercury II chloride on the kidney of Sprague–Dawley rats using high-resolution magic angle spinning 1H NMR spectroscopy of intact tissue and pattern recognition

Mercury II chloride (HgCl 2) toxicity was investigated in Sprague–Dawley rats using high-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) 1H NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with principal component analysis (PCA). Intact renal cortex and papilla samples from Sprague–Dawley rats treated with HgCl 2 at two dose levels (0.5 and 2 mg/kg) and from matched controls ( n = 5 per group) were assessed at 48 h p.d. HgCl 2 caused depletion of renal osmolytes such as glycerophosphocholine (GPC), betaine, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), myo-inositol and taurine in both the renal cortex and the papilla. In addition, relatively higher concentrations of valine, isobutyrate, threonine and glutamate were observed in HgCl 2-treated rats, particularly in the renal cortex, which may reflect a counterbalance response to the observed loss of other classes of renal osmolytes. Increased levels of glutamate were present in the cortex of treated rats, which may be associated with HgCl 2-induced renal acidosis and disruption of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. A dose response was observed in both cortical and papillary tissue with increasing severity of metabolic disruption in the high dose group. 1H HRMAS NMR profiles of individual animals correlated well with conventional clinical chemistry and histology confirming the reproducibility of the technology and generating complementary molecular pathway information.

Spectroscopic Identification of the Mixed Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide Clathrate Hydrate

In this contribution, we first found the novel clathrate hydrate containing two gaseous guests of hydrogen and carbon dioxide by spectroscopic analysis. X-ray powder diffraction and NMR spectroscopy were used to identify structure and guest distribution of the mixed H2 + CO2 hydrate. X-ray diffraction result confirmed that the unit cell parameter was 11.8602 +/- 0.0010 A, and the formed hydrate was identified as structure I hydrate. 1H magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR and 13C cross-polarization (CP) NMR spectroscopy were used to examine the distribution of hydrogen and carbon dioxide molecules in the cages of structure I, respectively. These NMR spectra showed that carbon dioxide molecules occupied both small 512 cages and large 51262 cages, and hydrogen molecules only were occluded in small 512 cages of structure I. The new finding of the mixed hydrogen hydrate is expected to contribute toward the development of hydrogen production technology and, particularly, inclusion chemistry.