Magelang Ducks Research Articles

EFFICACY OF CURCUMIN AND MONOCHROMATIC LIGHT IN IMPROVING LIVER FUNCTIONS OF SEXUALLY MATURE MAGELANG DUCKS

The liver of female poultry has a vital role as an organ for biosynthesis of the yolk precursor and has a greater chance of experiencing cellular damages. This experiment was designed to study the uses of curcumin and monochromatic light in suppressing liver destruction during the period of yolk biosynthesis in Magelang ducks. One hundred and ninety two female Magelang ducks were assigned into a completely randomized design with a 4x4 factorial arrangement. The first factor was dose of curcumin supplementation consisted of 4 levels i.e., 0, 9, 18, and 36 mg. The second factor was the color of monochromatic light consisted of 4 levels i.e., white, red, green, and blue. The results showed that hydropic and fat degenerations in the livers of Magelang ducks entering laying phase were still in a normal range. There was an interaction effect between curcumin and monochromatic light on the serum SGPT/GOT and liver MDA concentrations (P<0.05). Serum lipid concentrations positively correlated with the increased serum SGPT/GOT and liver MDA concentrations as indicators of liver damages. Supplementation of curcumin and the use of monochromatic light could reduce and suppress liver destruction and damage during laying period.

Perbandingan Kualitas Daging Itik Magelang, Itik Pengging Dan Itik Tegal

Local ducks in Indonesia there was several kinds, for example Tegal ducks, Magelang ducks and Pengging duck each having morphology different of duck. Research on the quality meat of ducks that includes ash content, water content, carbohydrate content, fat content, protein content, and muscle cell diameter of femoral ducks important to know quality meat of each duck. This study aimed to analyzed the differences types of ducks on the chemical content of meat and femoral muscle histology of diameter cell at Tegal ducks, Magelang ducks and Pengging ducks. Ducks were used in this study maintained in the Central Breeding and Raising Ducks Work Unit Non Ruminant Livestock Banyubiru, Ambarawa. The duck six month old was analyzed chemical content of meat and measuring diameter of femoral muscle cells. Duck samples taken from three different types of ducks that Tegal duck,Pengging duck and Magelang duck, of each type of sample taken many ducks as 6 tails. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). If the data were analyzed contained a real difference, continued by the Least Significant Differences Test (LSDT) at 95% confidence level. The results showed that no significant difference in all variables, from the result has been concluded that differences type of ducks not affect the chemical contents of duck meat and diameter of femoral muscle cells. Keywords: Local Ducks in Central Java, Quality of Meat, Muscle Cell Diameter Femoral Ducks.

ESTIMATION OF SELECTION ACCURACY AND RESPONSES OF THE PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS USING DIFFERENT SELECTION INTENSITY IN MAGELANG DUCK

This research was aimed to estimate selection response and accuracy of hatching weight, growth and egg production using different selection intensities in Magelang duck. A nested design was used in this study with experimental material was Magelang duck consisted of 8 male (treatments), 40 female (sub-treatments) and 360 offspring (replicates) and the observed parameter was productive characteristics. Nine DOD from each female were measured for hatching weight and growth up to 8 weeks old. The measured Hen Day Production (HDP) at initial laying for within days. Result showed that different selection intensities (25, 50 and 75%) led to response in 2.968; 1.870 and 0.982 g hatching weight; respectively; 0.00221, 0.00139 and 0.00073 g growth, respectively; and 1.728, 1.088 and 0.571% egg production, respectively. Selection accuracy for hatching weight, growth and egg production was 0.70, 0.76 and 0.51, respectively. Conclusively, the less preserved female proportion, the higher selection intensity value thus the higher selection response. Selection accuracy of production characteristics was based on its heritability value.

Perbedaan Somatometri Itik Tegal, Itik Magelang Dan Itik Pengging

Local ducks in Indonesia there are several kinds, for example Tegal ducks, Magelang ducks and Pengging duck each having characteristics different somatometri. Research on somatometri ducks that includes body weight, leg length, beak length, wing length, body length, and long-neck ducks important to know somatometri of each duck. This study aimed to analyze the differences somatometri at Tegal ducks, Magelang ducks and Pengging duck, which includes weight, leg length, beak length, wing length, body length, and a long neck. Ducks were used in this study maintained in the Central Breeding and Raising Ducks Work Unit Non Ruminant Livestock Banyubiru, Ambarawa. The study was conducted by measuring somatometri of each six monthold ducks. Duck samples taken from three different types of ducks that Tegal duck, Pengging duck and Magelang duck, of each type of sample taken many ducks as 6 tails. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the differentiating factor is the type of duck. If the data were analyzed contained a real difference, then do a further test using the test Least Significant Differences (LSD) at 95% confidence level. The results showed that there was no significant difference in all parameters of the study. Conclusion of the study three types of ducks will have somatometri not unlike that includes, weight, leg length, beak length, wing length, body length and the length of the neck. It was because give feed and feed same time. Keywords: Local Ducks in Central Java, Somatometri, Tegal ducks, Magelang ducks, Pengging duck

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Identification and Genotyping Analysis of Melanocortin 1 Receptor Gene in Various Plumage Colours Magelang Ducks

The objective of this study was to investigate the variations in Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene and the association with plumage colours in Magelang duck populations using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Forty three genomic DNA samples of Magelang ducks consisted of 3 plumage colour groups of brown, black and white were investigated. Primer design from Anas platyrhynchos complete genome in GenBank Accession Number HQ699486. Primer F:5’-GCTCTTCATGCTGCTGATGG-’3, R:5’- GATGAAGACGGTGCTGGAGA-’3. A 256-bp fragment was amplified by polymorphism chain reaction then sequenced. Two SNPs identified in this study were c.376A>G and c.409G>A. Chi-square (X2) value showed that 0.75 in Magelang ducks had GG genotype; 0.81 for GA genotype; 0.34 for AA genotype (c.376G>A) and 0 for GG genotype; 1.37 for GA genotype; 5.82 for AA genotype (c.409A>G). These results suggested that the MC1R genotype distribution in Magelang duck population with brown, black and white plumage was balanced or not deviated from Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium. Conclusively, two SNPs were identified; c.376A>G SNP that changed the amino acid from isoleucine to valine and valin/isoleucine and c.409G>A SNP that changed alanine to threonine and threonine/alanine. Key words: Single nucleotide polymorphism, genotyping, melanocortin 1 receptor, Magelang ducks

Seleksi Primer LCO – HCO, Primer bird-f1 – HCO Dan Primer bch – bcl Untuk Amplifikasi Gen COI DNA Mitokondria Itik Magelang (Anas javanica)

Magelang duck is a wild type of local duck from Indonesia. The advantagesof Magelangduckcompare tootherlocalduck from Indonesiaareabilityto livein the highlandsandlowlands and high production of egg and meat. Geneticcharacterization of Magelangduck still not available until now.The aim of the research is selectprimers forampliflying COIgeneof mitochondrialDNAof MagelangduckusingLCO-HCO, bird-f1 -HCO, andbcl-bch primers.The research methodwas DNAisolationfrom Magelangduck. Followed by, selection of primer in silicoto find homologywithin COIsequenceusing ClustalX, Genedoc, and FastPCR programs. Amplification of COIgenewas performedusing PCRwith all primerpairs. Result showed partial homology with all primer in COI sequence. TheamplificationusingtheLCO-HCO primer produced primerdimer.Primerbirdf1-HCOand bch-bcl primers showed no amplification. Key words: Magelang duck, COI gene, mitochondrial DNA, primer

English

The aims of this study were to determine the feeding effect of diets containing different ratio of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids and organic Zn on egg production and quality of Magelang duck. A total of 90 ducks of 20 weeks old were randomly divided into 18 experimental units by assigning a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 3 replications. There were 6 dietary treatments, namely 1) ration without palm oil, fish oil and organic Zn with the ratio of ω-3 : ω-6 was 1: 5 (R0), 2) ration with the ratio of ω-3 : ω-6 was 1: 1.5 + 200 ppm organic Zn (R1), 3) ration with the ratio of ω-3 : ω-6 was 1: 3 + 200 ppm organic Zn (R2), 4) ration with the ratio of ω-3 : ω-6 was 1: 4.5 + 200 ppm organic Zn (R3), 5) ration with the ratio of ω-3 : ω-6 was 1: 6 + 200 ppm organic Zn (R4), 6) ration with the ratio of ω-3 : ω-6 was 1 : 7.5 + 200 ppm organic Zn (R5). Observation was carried out for 9 wk. The results showed that the ration containing the ratio of ω-3 : ω-6 = 1 : 3 and organic Zn (R2) produced significantly (P<0.05) the highest egg production and the lowest egg production was resulted by the dietary treatment without oil and organic Zn. Ration containing the ratio of ω-3 : ω-6 = 1: 3 and organic Zn (R2) significantly (P<0.05) decreased feed conversion ratio to the lowest value and it was significantly different as compared to R0 and R5. It can be concluded that feeding diet containing ω-3 and ω-6 with the ratio of 1:3 + 200 ppm organic Zn improves egg production without decreasing egg quality.

MORPHOLOGY AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA D-LOOP REGION USING PCR-RFLP ANALYSIS IN MAGELANG DUCK AND OTHER NATIVE DUCK

The aim of this study was to investigate the different of plumage colors on morphological diversityof Magelang duck and genetic diversity using PCR-RFLP mtDNA D-loop region analysis of Magelangduck and four others native duck population (Tegal, Mojosari, Bali and Alabio duck) in Indonesia. Bloodsample was taken from 50 Magelang ducks and 20 of each native ducks. Morphological characteristicsof body measurement, production ability and egg quality of Magelang duck were analyzed usingCompletely Randomized Design with 11 plumage colors as treatments. PCR technique was administeredto amplify fragments in mtDNA D-loop region and PCR products were digested with endonucleaserestriction enzyme AluI and HaeIII. The result showed that morphology diversity of Magelang duck wasstatistically affected by different plumage colors. PCR-RFLP analysis using AluI and HaeIII restrictionenzyme resulted in six combinations of restriction fragment pattern shown in six haplotypes (A, B, C, D,E and F). Haplotype difference showed genetic diversity in the population of Magelang duck and theother native ducks. In conclusion, the different plumage colors affected morphology diversity ofMagelang duck. Genetic diversity of Indonesian native duck population could be identified by usingPCR-RFLP analysis on mtDNA D-loop region.

GENETIC VARIATION IN THREE BREEDS OF INDONESIAN LOCAL DUCKS BASED ON BLOOD AND EGG WHITE PROTEIN POLYMORPHISM

A study of genetic variation of four blood protein loci and three egg white loci in three breeds ofIndonesian local ducks (Magelang duck = MAD, Tegal duck = TED and Mojosari duck= MOD) wasinvestigated by using polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The result showed that four bloodprotein loci (Pre-albumin, Albumin, Transferrin and Post-transferrin) and three egg white loci(Ovalbumin, Ovoglobulin and Conalbumin) were found to be polymorphic in three breeds of localducks. There was no difference on blood and egg white protein polyimorphism. The average value ofheterozygosity on three breeds of local ducks had a genetic potential to determine the controlled matingsystem and selection to obtain pure line. The closest phylogenetic relationship among the three breeds oflocal ducks occurred between MAD and TED.

Polymorphism of D-Loop Mitochondrial DNA Region and Phylogenetic in Five Indonesian Native Duck Population

2 Abstract: This research aimed to determine mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region polymorphism and phylogenetic in five Indonesian native ducks population namely Magelang duck, Tegal duck, Mojosari duck, Bali duck and Alabio duck. The significance of this research was applicable to conservation and refinement strategy as well as the improvement of genetic quality by utilizing the available native duck plasma nutfah. It further concerned with determining the genealogy of family, channel, breed or maternal inheritance that bred individuals in native duck population in Indonesia and discovering phylogenetic relations with Mallards duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and the other Anas ducks. Fragment of 718-bp was amplified by PCR and determined the nucleotide sequence of 701-bp. The sequence was then analyzed using Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) and compared to the standard nucleotide sequence from Anas Platyrhynchos complete genome (HM010684.1) in GenBank Accession. It obtained nucleotide percentage equation of 93.59±8.23%. Phylogenetic investigation used sequencing products and was analyzed using MEGA5 software. Indonesian native ducks have a relatively close genetic relationship with Anas Platyrhynchos and Anas zonorhyncha shown by the genetic distance varying from 0.000-0.786 compared to the other Anas ducks in the world (0.073-1.037) or to Cairina moschata (2.972-5.776). Highly distant genetic variation was found in Magelang duck compared to the other native ducks ranged from 0.000-0.950 to 0.000-0.312. The research concluded that polymorphism of mtDNA D-loop region was found in Indonesian native ducks and had relatively similar maternal inheritance with Anas platyrhyncos dan Anas zonorhyncha.