Madurai District Research Articles

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Determination of Critical Limit for Copper in Soil-Plant and Grain for Predicting Response of Rice to Copper Application in Soil

ABSTRACT In order to identify critical limit of copper (Cu) in soil, grain, and straw of rice plant, soil samples were collected from twenty; 12, 5, and 3 soil locations of low, medium, and high Cu status from Madurai district, Tamil Nadu, India for pot culture experiment. Based on the results of pot culture experiment, the critical limits of Cu established for straw and grain of rice both by graphical and statistical methods were 8.07 and 5.22 mg kg−1 respectively. Similarly, critical limits of soil available Cu as per the graphical and statistical methods was found to be 0.98 and 0.97 mg kg−1 respectively. Rice plants were highly responded to Cu application in soils below this critical limit whereas soils with Cu greater than 0.98 mg kg−1 did not respond. The grain and straw yield of rice increased with increasing levels of Cu and application of 1 mg kg−1 Cu or 8 kg ha−1 as copper sulfate was sufficient to alleviate the Cu deficiency and also to attain higher yield of rice in the district.

Intracerebral giant hydatidosis in an adult woman – A case report

Intracranial hydatid cysts account for 0.5-3% of all the cases of hydatid disease and contribute to 1-2% of all the intracranial space occupying lesions. Rare cases of intracranial hydatid disease have been reported in India. In India, the hydatid disease is more commonly seen in the Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, Madurai district of Tamil Nadu and in Punjab. Here we present a case ofa 35-year-old female patient presented to us with diminution of vision, diplopia tempero- frontal lobe which is T1 hypointense and T2 hyperintense measuring 4.5×5.25cms Patient was subjected for surgical excision of cyst. Post operatively patient improved well with no neurological deficits. Histopathology of the lesion confirmed hydatid cyst. Patient was put on oral albendazole 10mg/kg per day and continued for 12 weeks. Patient is on regular follow up with us, with no neurological deficits. and headache since 10 days. Her neurological assessment showed higher mental functions within normal limit and Visual acuity - 6/12 right eye and 6/9 left eye, with normal fundus & right 6th cranial nerve palsy. MRI brain (P+C) done was suggestive of intra-axial well defined cystic lesion in right. Keywords: Intracerebral hydatidosis, Echinococcus, Dowling-Orlando technique, Albendazole

Effect of climate change on morphological characteristics of the soils of Vaigai River Basin, Alluvial Tract, Madurai District, Tamil Nadu

The pedological characterization of alluvial tract soils of Vaigai river basin, Madurai District, Tamil Nadu was taken during 2019-20. Initially a Reconnaissance Soil Survey was carried out with Toposheet as a base map. Totally nine representative pedons in Northern and Southern bank of the Vaigai river alluvial basin were selected and studied for their morphological characteristics. Along the course of Vaigai river basin, deposition of alluvial soil was evidenced by the poorly developed AC profiles in both side. The depth of the soil varied from d4 to d5 in both banks. The color of the pedons varies with hue ranging from 10YR to 7.5YR, value 2 to 6and chroma 2- 8 and in Northern bank ; from 10YR to 7.5YR,values varies by 2.5 to 6 and chroma by 1 to 6 in the Southern bank. The texture of soil varied from weak to structure less. Some yellowish brown mottles with jarosite were foundin the Northern bank and micaceous coatings found in the Southern banks. The calcium carbonate nodules were found in most of the pedons and the permeability of the soil was very rapid. Coconut, Banana and paddy are the major crops grown in this alluvial tract. Climate change, urbanization, is short of monsoon rain and industrialization had created the major impact on the shrinkage of land under cultivation and smash up the soil health. The present study on characteristics of alluvial tract of Vaigai River basin both in Northern and southern banks understood about the change due to anthropogenic activities and climate change scenario.

Phenotypic evaluation and utilization of tomato germplasm resistance for ToLCV and its vector Bemisia tabaci under natural condition

During May- June 2019, about 50 genotypes of tomato along with susceptible check, Arka Vikas were screened for resistance against the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci and the begomovirus Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) in a Randomized Block Design with two replications having a plot size of 5×4 m at Linga nayakan pati, Usilampatti Taluk, Madurai district. The population of whitefly was recorded on tomato at weekly interval from appearance of the whiteflies. The infestation found to be more at earlier weeks thereafter the population declined abruptly. The average minimum (0.24/plant) and maximum (3.41/plant) whitefly population during crop season was observed on EC-520078 andEC-165700. According to the mean of whitefly population the highest resistance was found in EC-520078 followed by EC-631364,EC-315477 and EC-620389. Among all the accessions observed for ToLCV resistance, the accession EC-520078 recorded only 7.88% disease incidence and found statistically significant as compared to other accessions while the maximum disease incidence was observed in EC-620372 (94.25%).

Land use Land cover studies and its effects on Valuation using GIS Techniques in Madurai Town Planning Area, Tamilnadu, India

Land use land cover mapping practices over period in Madurai district varies due to increase of urban and rural migration. Valuation of land in urban areas is very important tool towards economic impact on human communities. Madurai is a temple city located on Vagai river bank which attract most tourists and also increase the urban areas due to various factors such as rural migration, Population increase. With the evidence from Government Land Register (GLR) and Present Market Rate (PMR )Values the Population is directly proportional to the value of land. Population increase last 12 years and built-up areas also increased. This paper studies the urban sprawl using land use land cover changes over the period of 2007 to 2019 between GLR and PMR values as per real estate practices in India. Using GIS techniques the analysis of urban sprawl of the city as well GLR, PMR values relationship by interpolation method to assess the land valuation practices which followed by Government of India.

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Effect of Improved Agronomic Approaches on Growth and Yield of Redgram [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] under Rainfed Ecosystem

Background: Redgram is an important food legume which is largely cultivated under rainfed condition. In India rainfed agriculture contributes 80% of the total pulses production and the projected requirement will be 39 million tons by 2050 which necessitates an annual growth rate of 2.2%. The productivity has to be increased from the present level of 834 kg ha-1 to 1200 kg ha-1. With adoption of suitable agronomic management strategies the productivity could be increased to meet our demand and achieve self sufficiency in production. Hence the current study was carried out to increase the productivity of redgram under rainfed condition.Methods: Field experiment was conducted in farmer’s field in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu during North East Monsoon season of 2019 to study the effect of improved agronomic manipulations on growth and yield of redgram under rainfed ecosystem. Agronomic management approaches viz., nipping of primary branches at 45 and 60 days after receipt of soaking rain, high density planting at 30 cm × 30 cm in addition to recommended spacing of 60 cm × 30 cm and foliar application of 1% PPFM spray were compared with farmer’s practice in the redgram variety Co (RG) 7. Pre monsoon sowing has been taken up and the rainfall received during the cropping period was 521.7 mm received in 31 rainy days.Result: The field experimental results revealed that adoption of agronomic manipulation at the appropriate stage of the crop has increased the productivity of redgram. Nipping of primary branches at 45th day of the crop significantly increased the total number of productive branches, number of pods plant-1 and recorded the maximum seed yield of 1512 kg ha-1 (72 per cent increase over farmer’s practice) under rainfed condition.

Distributional ecology of snails (Gastropoda: Mollusca) in seasonal ponds of Tamil Nadu, South India

The present study was focused to examine diversity and distributional pattern of freshwater snails and to identify the schistosome infected snails in ten different ponds of Madurai district, Tamil Nadu, South India. Snails were collected from native substrates in ponds using dip net from Madurai North, Tamil Nadu province of south India and microscopic examination for detecting cercariae larvae in snails were assessed. In total, 1250 individuals belonging to six species under five families of freshwater snails were collected. The alpha and beta diversity analyses were calculated for estimating the diversity of snails. The cercariae infection was observed in four collected freshwater snail species. Of four infected snails, Lymnaea luteola had the highest percentage of cercariae infection. Statistical tests showed that the environmental factors of total dissolved solids, pH and salinity were significantly related with snail distribution and cercariae infection rather than spatial factor. The study demonstrated that the salinity, conductivity and total dissolved solids of pond water play a key factor for the distribution of snails and cercariae infection. The findings of our study will improve the understanding of the dynamics of schistosomiasis transmission and would ease the implementation of integrated disease control measures based on ecological knowledge of schistosomiasis vector in Madurai and Tamil Nadu zones.

Problems of Rural Elderly Women – A Sociological Study in Madurai District

Problems of Rural Elderly Women – A Sociological Study in Madurai District

Relative toxicity and insecticide resistance of different field population of tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick)

South American tomato moth, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is an oligophagous insect pest that infests solanaceous crops like tomato, brinjal and potato. The incidence of T. absoluta could cause significant yield losses of up to 100% on tomato crop and therefore farmers are following chemical management practices to tackle the pest. However, continuous and indiscriminate usage of certain insecticides may lead to development of resistance in T. absoluta. The aim of the study therefore was to know the level of resistance to different commonly used insecticides viz., indoxacarb14.5SC, flubendiamide 39.35SC, emamectin benzoate 5SG, spinosad 45SC, spinetoram 11.1SC and cyantraniliprole 10.25SC from different field population of T. absoluta viz., Bangalore and Kolar districts of Karnataka, Madurai and Salem districts of Tamil Nadu and Ananthpur district in Andhra Pradesh, India. A variable level of susceptibility of different field population of T. absoluta was noticed against frequently used insecticides viz. flubendiamide 39.35SC, cyantraniliprole 10.25SC and indoxacarb14.5SC. Biochemical assays indicated a significant increase in cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and esterase level in all relatively resistant population of T. absoluta. The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and esterase enzymes therefore play a major role in the development of resistance in field population of T. absoluta. The reduced susceptibility of T. absoluta to various field collected population thus indicates a development of resistance to various insecticides necessitating the judicious use of chemicals for its management.

Status Of Oral Hygiene Among Physically Challenged People In Madurai District

Status Of Oral Hygiene Among Physically Challenged People In Madurai District

Preface to the Volume 4 Issue 4 of Indian Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance

Preface to the Volume 4 Issue 4 of Indian Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance

Situational Analysis of Road Traffic Accidents- A case of Madurai District rural areas, Tamil Nadu

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) have emerged as a major public health concern due to the growing number of motorized vehicles all over the world. In India, the burden of road traffic accidents is increasing and from 1991 to 2011, the number of fatal deaths has more than doubled. Madurai district is among road accident-prone regions of the state of Tamil Nadu. Objective: This paper aims to examine and understand trends and patterns of RTAs in rural areas of Madurai District between 2014-2018. Methods: The researchers collected RTAs data from Madurai District Crime Records Bureau. we have considered time-series data from 2014 to 2018 and the number and percentage of deaths by the distribution of relevant factors such as timing, gender, road type, and vehicles to understand holistic patterns of RTAs. Results: Totally 9950 road accidents were reported by Madurai District Crime Records Bureau between 2014 and 2018 and on an average over 1990 accidents have occurred every year. Nearly 40 per cent fatal accidents occurred between 15-21 h. Men were the victims in 87 per cent of deaths and men died 6.8 times higher than females during 2014-2018. Over 57 per cent of fatalities have occurred in National Highways. The proportion of two-wheelers contributed to road deaths is 28 per cent and two-wheelers caused maximum road deaths than other vehicles. Conclusion: The study shows a decreasing trend in road accidents and fatalities in Madurai district. However, a significant number of men dying in road accidents highlights the difficulties of their families.

Potential Factors related to BMI among School going adolescents of Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, India

This study aims to recognize essential aspects (related to lifestyle, eating and sedentary behaviours) of overweight and obesity among school-going adolescents of Madurai District, Tamil Nadu. Data were elicited on the physical activity patterns, sedentary practices at home, sleep duration and lifestyle behaviours such as habits of snacking, skipping breakfast, eating in front of television and frequency of eating out. Among 7660 subjects, 514 samples were found to be overweight and obese and analyzed with the suitable statistical tools such as percentage analysis, chi-square test to check the level of significance. 74.4 per cent of obese adolescents were found to have the habit of consuming snacks. The prevalence of Overweight 95 (18.48%) and obese 315 (61.28%) was more significant in Nuclear families. However, there was no statistically significant association between family type and BMI (χ2 = 2.575, p > .05). No statistical association was found between the BMI and snacking and eating patterns of school-going adolescents. Majority of 364 children expenditure towards snacks are less than Rs.25.

Awareness on oral hygiene practices among rural primary school teachers

Oral disease can be viewed as a general medical issue because of its high pervasiveness and huge social effect. Interminable oral ailment ordinarily prompts tooth loss and has a physical, psychological and monetary impact. This survey was done to assess the awareness on oral hygiene practices among rural primary school teachers. A closed-ended questionnaire, consisting of 10 components, was distributed among rural primary school teachers in the Madurai district of Tamil Nadu, India (n=127). The questionnaire elicited knowledge and practices of oral hygiene, their brushing habits, use of toothpaste, powder, use of mouth rinses, the practice of night brushing and tongue cleaning. The responses were collected and analysed. 100% of the respondents practice regular tooth brushing.42% of them brushed both during the morning and night and 58% brushed in the morning,96% used toothpaste and 4% used tooth powder.34% used mouth rinses.16% used tongue cleaners. The findings of the study indicated that the awareness and knowledge of oral hygiene among primary school teachers in the rural district of Salem was good. Teachers, nevertheless, need educational programs, workshops and symposiums on oral health issues to further empower them to educate the students.

Knowledge and extent of adoption of recommended cultivation practices among the vegetable growers in Tamil Nadu

The study was conducted in Chellampatti block of Madurai district in Tamil Nadu among 90 vegetable growers to assess the knowledge and extent of adoption of recommended vegetable cultivation practices. Interview schedule was constructed, pre-tested and finalized and used for collecting data. From the findings of the study it could be found that the average knowledge of vegetable farmers on recommended technologies was 74.72 per cent. Method of transplanting, recommended variety and HYV, fertilizer application, weed management, mulching and seed treatment practices were known to the farmers ranging from 75 to 90 per cent. Overall adoption level of farmers on technologies was 55.27 per cent. Soil testing, SHC recommendations, growth regulators, mulching, foliar spray, plant protection measures were having low adoption ranging from 40-48 per cent. Rise in fertilizer and pesticide prices, unavailability of timely and quality inputs, lack of knowledge to identify pest and diseases, lack of communication and training cum demonstrations on improved practices were felt by 35-45 per cent of the farmers as constraints for yield gap. The extension system have to popularize the recommended technological packages in fields through effective training, demonstrations, field visits, monitoring, etc. which helps to reduce yield gaps and thereby increasing the productivity of crops.

Impact of Socioeconomic Profile on Nutritional Status of School Children

Objectives: To study the effect of socioeconomic factors such as birth order, family size, family type, parent’s education level and family income on nutritional status of school children.
 Methods: It was a cross sectional survey conducted at Madurai district, Tamil Nadu to assess the effect of socioeconomic factors on nutritional status of school going children age of 5-6 years belonging to different socio economic classes of the society. Systematic random sampling technique was applied to collect the sample. The interview schedule was used to collect the background information regarding caste, type of family, family size, number of children and educational status of parents, occupation and income. Body Mass Index in relation to WHO reference child growth standard was used for assessing nutritional status.
 Results: Out of 60 children 30.00, 53.33 and 5.00 per cent children had mild, moderate and severe malnutrition respectively. Majority of malnourished children belonged to 3rd (51.66%) and 4th (30%) order of birth. The mild (28.33%) and moderate malnutrition (51.67%) children belonged to medium size family. The severely malnourished belonged to medium and large size family are 3.33 and 1.67 per cent respectively. Majority of the Mild (8.33%) moderate (23.33%) and severe (3.33%) malnutrition children belonged to mothers who were illiterate. Five per cent of children were severely malnourished and 18.33 per cent of children were moderately malnourished from the income range of ₹ 6000 to 7000.
 Conclusion: The present study shows that the prevalence of malnutrition was significantly higher in school children age of 5-6 years. Poverty, low literacy rate, large families, women’s education appears to be the important underlying factors responsible for poor nutritional status of children (p<0.05).The malnutrition is higher in children of illiterate mothers because of lack of knowledge on importance of healthy diet.