Macroporous Resin Research Articles

Optimisation of the Extraction Process of Naringin and Its Effect on Reducing Blood Lipid Levels In Vitro

The naringin extraction process was optimised using response surface methodology (RSM). A central component design was adopted, which included four parameters: extraction temperature (X1), material-liquid ratio (X2), extraction time (X3), and ultrasonic frequency (X4) of 74.79 °C, 1.58 h, 1:56.51 g/mL, and 28.05 KHz, respectively. Based on these optimal extraction conditions, naringin was tested to verify the model's accuracy. Naringin yield was 36.2502 mg/g, which was equivalent to the predicted yield of 36.0124 mg/g. DM101 macroporous adsorption resin was used to purify naringin. The effects of loading concentration, loading flow rate, and sample pH on the adsorption rate of naringin and the effect of ethanol concentration on the desorption rate of naringin were investigated. The optimum conditions for naringin purification using macroporous resins were determined. The optimal loading concentration, sample solution pH, and loading flow rate were 0.075 mg/mL, 3.5, and 1.5 mL/min, respectively. Three parallel tests were conducted under these conditions, and the average naringin yield was 77.5643%. Naringin's structure was identified using infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. In vitro determination of the lipid-lowering activity of naringin was also conducted. These results showed that naringin has potential applications as a functional food for lowering blood lipid levels.

Treatment of phenolic wastewater by anaerobic fluidized bed microbial fuel cell filled with polyaniline–macroporous adsorption resin as multifunctional carrier

AbstractThe modified resin is used as a multifunctional biological carrier to treat phenolic wastewater (PW) in an anaerobic fluidized bed microbial fuel cell (AFB‐MFC). First, the modified resin was prepared, and the conductive polyaniline (PANI) was polymerized in situ on the surface and pores of the macroporous adsorption resin (MAR) to prepare the modified resin composite material (MAR/PANI). A series of modified resins with different mass ratios of resin and aniline were prepared. The modified resins were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specific surface area, and pore structure analysis. Materials Studio (MS) software was used to study the internal interaction forces of PANI and MAR, and the molecular dynamics simulation method was used to analyze and calculate the cohesive energy density. The simulation results are qualitatively consistent with the experimental data. The sorption module in the MS software was used to study the adsorption behaviour of the modified resin to the organic components in the wastewater, and the adsorption mechanism was explained on the atomic scale. When the modified resin with m (MAR):m(An) = 1:0.6 was used in the AFB‐MFC, the chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency of wastewater was increased by 26.2%–88.90%, the voltage was increased by 98.46%–489.2 mV, and power density was increased by 303.28%–131.43 ± 0.17 mW/m2.

Robust polystyrene resin-supported nano-CoFe2O4 mediated peroxymonosulfate activation for efficient oxidation of 1-hydroxyethane 1,1-diphosphonic acid.

Nanosized spinel cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) shows high performance in peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation for decontamination in water, but is yet challenged by the easily leached Co(II) with high toxicity. Herein, macroporous polystyrene resin is used as the support to improve the stability of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles during PMS activation. CoFe2O4@S201 exerted high catalytic activity toward PMS activation for oxidation of 1-hydroxyethane 1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), with the apparent rate normalized by Co content 38.2 times higher than that of the unsupported CoFe2O4. Meanwhile, one order of magnitude lower Co leaching (< 2.1μgL-1) was detected during the catalytic oxidation. The Co(II)-PMS complex was the primary oxidant responsible for the oxidation of HEDP. The catalytic durability and stability of CoFe2O4@S201 for degradation of HEDP in actual wastewater were systematically evaluated in both batch and continuous-flow mode. It is found that the organic resin, which is often considered to be intolerant to oxidation, is rather stable during the non-radical process. The total cobalt leaching of the fresh CoFe2O4@S201 cannot be ignored in the 100-h continuous-flow run. In contrast, much lower cobalt leaching and slightly higher oxidation efficiency were observed for the regenerated CoFe2O4@S201, which might be due to the removal of unreactive and unstable Co sites on the surface in the first trial. The findings shed light on the potential of organic supports for improving the stability and activity of nanosized CoFe2O4 and other nano-catalysts toward practical application.

Efficient enrichment and purification of anti-inflammatory nuezhenoside G13 from Osmanthus fragrans fruit by macroporous resin adsorption

Efficient enrichment and purification of anti-inflammatory nuezhenoside G13 from Osmanthus fragrans fruit by macroporous resin adsorption

Bio-Fabrication of ZnONPs from Alkalescent Nucleoside Antibiotic to Control Rice Blast: Impact on Pathogen (Magnaporthe grisea) and Host (Rice).

In the traditional method of the bio-fabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), bacterial strains face metal toxicity and antimicrobial action. In the current study, an alkalescent nucleoside antibiotic was mixed with zinc hexanitrate to fabricate the ZnONPs. An integrated approach of DIAION HP-20 macroporous resin and sephadex LH-20 column chromatography was adopted to separate and purify alkalescent nucleoside AN03 from Streptomyces koyanogensis. Alkalescent nucleoside was confirmed by the Doskochilova solvent system. The bio-fabricated ZnONPs were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. The XRD spectrum and the TEM images confirmed the crystallinity and the spherical shape of the ZnONPs with an average size of 22 nm. FTIR analysis showed the presence of functional groups, which confirmed the bio-fabrication of ZnONPs from alkalescent nucleoside ANO3. In-vitro studies showed that 75 μg/mL of ZnONPs had a strong inhibitory zone (28.39 mm) against the Magnaporthe grisea and significantly suppressed the spore germination. SEM and TEM observations respectively revealed that ZnONPs caused breakage in hyphae and could damage the cells of M. grisea. Greenhouse experiments revealed that the foliar spray of ZnONPs could control the rice blast disease by 98%. Results also revealed that ZnONPs had positive effects on the growth of the rice plant. The present study suggested that ZnONPs could be fabricated from microbe-derived nucleoside antibiotics without facing the problems of metal toxicity and antimicrobial action, thus overcoming the problem of pathogen resistance. This could be a potent biocontrol agent in rice blast disease management.

Extraction, separation and kinetics of phenylethanosides from Plantago asiatica L. by an innovative extraction technology—deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasound-assisted extraction

In this paper, the total phenylethanosides (TPS) were extracted efficiently by an innovative extraction technology––deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasound-assisted extraction (DES-UAE) from Plantago asiatica L. Ten diverse types of DESs were synthesized as alternative extraction solutions. The extraction efficiency of DES-3 (constituted by choline chloride and lactic acid) was much higher than those of other DESs. On the basis of single factor tests and Box-Behnken design (BBD), the optimum processing parameters of DES-UAE as follow: DES-3 with molar ratio of 1:3, extraction temperature 51 °C, solid/liquid 22.5 mg/ml, water content 30%, ultrasonic power 65 W, extraction time 23 min. The extraction efficiency of TPS from Plantago asiatica L. was 8.395 mg/ml, which was more superior than those of organic solvents (water, methanol, 50% methanol, ethanol, 50% ethanol). The extraction kinetics experiment results showed that water content had a significant influence upon the extraction efficiency of TPS. At the same time, AB-8 macroporous resin column was used to efficiently isolate TPS from DES extraction with a recovery rate of 88.5%.

Adsorption/Desorption on Macroporous Resins of Okicamelliaside in the Extract of Camellia nitidissima Chi Leaves

Okicamelliaside (OCS) from Camellia nitidissima Chi (C. nitidissima) leaves can be used in therapeutic drugs or nutritional foods. However, which resin is the best for separating OCS and the underlying mechanism for its superiority remains unclear. In this study, the differences in the adsorption/desorption effectiveness and adsorption kinetics of OCS on five resins were compared. AB-8 was found to be an effective resin for the separation of OCS and the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-first order model (R2 &gt; 0.99). In order to optimize the separation of OCS by the resin AB-8, the adsorption time, OCS sample concentration, eluent solvent and volume were tested using a 7 mL column with a diameter of 2 cm. The results showed that the optimum adsorption time was 30 min and the optimum sample concentration was 2.5 mg/mL, while the optimum desorption was achieved by using 2.1 times column volume of 60% ethanol solution. The separation yielded a purified extract with OCS of 290.82 (±2.17) mg/g, which was 6.0 times more than the crude extract (E1, 48.51 (±0.56) mg/g of OCS). This study highlights the use of AB-8 resin for the separation of OCS as an effective technique on the basis of the adsorption/desorption of OCS on the resin. The method has the potential for obtaining green OCS extract with a high OCS content from the crude extract of the leaves of C. nitidissima.

Screening and identification of lipase inhibitors extracted from Dioscorea nipponica Makino by UV–vis and HPLC coupled to UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS

Dioscoreae nipponica Makino (D. nipponica) as the rhizome of dioscoreaceae rich in steroidal saponins, has been reported to have the hypolipidemic effects etc. However, it is still unclear which exact active components are primary responsible for the beneficial effects. This study was conducted to fish out the lipase inhibitors from D. nipponica, and evaluate the inhibitory activity on porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) through in vitro kinetic assay using p-nitrophenyl palmitate as substrate. Accordingly, the ethanolic extract was subjected to D101 macroporous resin purification for spectrophotometric screening, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation and structural characterization by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Through orlistat validation, the PPL inhibitory activity and IC50 value of the extract were respectively 68.34 ± 1.47 % and 107.05 μg/mL under the optimized inhibition conditions. From 6 steroidal saponins identified, the inhibitory components named the protodioscin, protogracillin, dioscin and gracillin were fished out by grouping separation and HPLC analysis. Furthermore, dioscin and gracillin with the parent structure of diogenin were confirmed as the major inhibitors by virtue of stability tests based on transformation of protodioscin and protogracillin. Finally, the inhibitory mechanism of the major inhibitors toward PPL was further clarified by kinetic analysis and molecular docking analysis. The proposed method not only revealed the PPL inhibitory components in D. nipponica, but also provided an effective approach to hierarchical screening of PPL inhibitors from natural plants.

Cooperative adsorption-degradation of benzo[a]pyrene by extracellular enzymes of white rot fungi immobilized on macroporous adsorption resin

Adsorption technology has been widely used in water purification, but its removal mechanism mainly depends on the enrichment and transformation of pollutants, and it cannot be completely degraded. Based on the adsorption properties of macroporous adsorbent resins and the biodegradation of extracellular enzymes of white rot fungi, a synergic study on the adsorption and degradation of benzo[a]pyrene in water was conducted in this paper. The results of the eight-resin screening exhibited that the resin AB-8 exhibited the best immobilization effect of enzymes and removal rate of benzo[a]pyrene. The removal of benzo[a]pyrene by immobilized enzymes and adsorption resin followed pseudo-secondary kinetics, while the degradation of benzo[a]pyrene by free enzymes followed first-order kinetics. Immobilized enzymes can achieve the adsorption-degradation of benzo[a]pyrene, its removal rate reached 92.78% after 6h, which is higher than the degradation rate of free enzymes and faster than the resin adsorption. After that, molecular docking indicated that van der Waals forces and Pi-Alkyl attributed to the binding of laccase and benzo[a]pyrene. Physical adsorption synergistic biodegradation technology is of great practical significance and theoretical value for the sustainable treatment of polluted water.

Valorization of Lotus Leaf by In Situ Expanded‐Bed Adsorption and Ultrasonic‐Assisted Desorption

AbstractAn efficient and sustainable expanded‐bed adsorption (EBA) method was developed for the valorization of lotus leaf which is an agricultural by‐product. The in‐situ procedure was used to reduce the energy consumption of EBA. Comparing this in‐situ process to the conventional one, some additional advantages were observed, namely, significant enhancement of nuciferine recovery, considerable reduction of processing time, etc. Furthermore, a multistage procedure was investigated to reduce running cost and minimize environmental pollution by reusing solvents and adsorbents. Reusing of D101 macroporous resin, HCl and NaOH solution had almost no influence on the yield of nuciferine.

Efficient Extraction of Flavonoids from Lotus Leaves by Ultrasonic-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction and Its Evaluation on Antioxidant Activities

The discovery of a green extraction solvent for natural plants could promote related research. In this study, deep eutectic solvents (DES) were used as green solvents coupled with an ultrasound-assisted extraction method (UAE) to extract flavonoids from lotus leaves. Thirty-four different DES were performed and choline chloride/urea with 40% water was chosen as the most promising one, and the related parameters in the procedures were optimized, resulting in the highest extraction amount of flavonoids in lotus leaves. D-101 was selected from four macroporous resins to separate the flavonoids from DES. Moreover, DES could be recycled and efficiently reused four times with satisfactory performances. In addition, the lotus leaf flavonoids from the DES extract exhibited antioxidant activities in five kinds of assays including DPPH, ABTS, Fe3+ reducing, FRAP, and Fe2+ chelating. It also showed antibacterial activities on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacterial strains with minimal inhibitory concentrations at 1666 μg/mL and 208 μg/mL, respectively. In the HPLC analysis, the three main components in the DES extract were identified as astragalin, hyperoside, and isoquercitrin. In conclusion, the developed UAE-DES followed by macroporous resin treatment could become an efficient and environmentally friendly extraction and enrichment method for flavonoids from lotus leaves and other natural products.

Enrichment of antiplatelet peptides and removal of fishy odor from silver carp skin collagen hydrolysates by macroporous resins: pH value of loading sample affects the peptides separation

Enrichment of antiplatelet peptides from silver carp skin collagen hydrolysates (CH) was studied using macroporous resins. Static adsorption showed that XAD-16 resin was the suitable resin due to its high adsorption capacity. The dynamic desorption of CH was studied on XAD-16 resin by ethanol gradient elution. Interestingly, pH value of loading sample had a great impact on the peptides separation. Results revealed that the yield and the antiplatelet activity of Ethl-20% fraction were highest at loading sample pH 6.0. The antiplatelet peptides were enriched in the 20% ethanol fraction with IC50 2.03 mg/mL compared to IC50 of CH, 4.7 mg/mL. Besides, the Ethl-20% fraction had a weakest fishy odor. Moreover, a series of peptides containing Hyp-Gly or Pro-Gly were identified from Ethl-20% fraction, which contributed to the antiplatelet activities. This study provided a simple and efficient method for large-scale separation enrichment of antiplatelet peptides as functional foods from CH.

Memory enhancement of the new tryptamine-like components in the walnut kernel

Walnut kernel has been applied in daily diets for thousands of years with its memory enhancement effect. For further observing the effect of memory enhancement, the walnut kernel was extracted and separated into active parts, with the evaluation in mice. 30% ethanol elution from AB-8 macroporous resin showed a decreased escape latency time and increased cumulative time and crossing frequency through the Morris test. It also increased the latency time and decreased jumps in the step-down test. These results indicated the memory enhancement effect of the fraction. After further separation and purification, four compounds were acquired with tryptamine-like structures first found in the walnut kernel, and compounds III and IV were new ones. Compound III showed decreased escape latency time, increased cumulative time, increased crossing frequency through the Morris test, and increased latency time, decreased jumps in the step-down test. Compound III also alleviated acetylcholinesterase activity and promoted acetylcholine transferase activity. In silico docking and molecular dynamic studies displayed the most polar interactions of compound III on 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 (5-HTR4) with the most polar interactions and the lowest binding energies, and anti-degeneration effect to monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) with the high binding energy and sizeable steric hindrance. These results illustrated the memory enhancement of compound III in the walnut kernel, indicating more potential activities of tryptamine-like components and more applications for walnut kernel in clinical use or daily diets.

Sustainable recovery of melanoidins from thermal hydrolyzed sludge by macroporous resin and properties characterization

Melanoidins, the dark-color recalcitrant Maillard reaction by-products in thermal hydrolyzed sludge (THS), cause significant adverse effects on wastewater treatment. This study aimed to develop an efficient adsorption method for recovering melanoidins from THS by macroporous resin. The adsorptive characteristics of six macroporous resins (XAD761, XAD8, XAD16HP, FPX66, HPD-600 and IRA958Cl) showed that XAD761, not yet reported for melanoidins extraction, was the most appropriate with the highest recovery ratio. The adsorption kinetics followed pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption process was confirmed to be physical, spontaneous, and exothermic, without changing the structure of the adsorbed melanoidins. In the dynamic adsorption, the breakthrough point increased with a decreasing flow rate. After five consecutive regeneration cycles, XAD761 resin maintained stable adsorption efficiency and thus had a good potential for reuse. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of the extracted THS melanoidins were compared with model melanoidins to lay the foundation for their management, in terms of morphology, molecular weight (MW), and spectrophotometric properties. These results demonstrate that XAD761 resin extraction is a promising sustainable method for practical application in the recovery of melanoidins from THS.

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction and enrichment of the flavonoids from Salicornia Europaea leaves using macroporous resins and response surface methodology

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction and enrichment of the flavonoids from Salicornia Europaea leaves using macroporous resins and response surface methodology

Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Ultrasound-Assisted Strategy for Simultaneous Extraction of Five Macamides from Lepidium meyenii Walp and In Vitro Bioactivities.

This study aimed to develop an integrated approach of deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasound-assisted extraction (DES-UAE) to simultaneously extract five major bioactive macamides from the roots of Lepidium meyenii Walp. Ten different DESs containing choline chloride and selected hydrogen-bond donors were prepared and evaluated based on the extracted macamide content determination using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Choline chloride/1,6-hexanediol in a 1:2 molar ratio with 20% water exhibited the most promising extraction efficiencies under the optimized parameters verified using single-factor optimization as well as Box-Behnken design. Using the optimized DES-UAE method, the extraction efficiencies of the five macamides were up to 40.3% higher compared to those using the most favorable organic solvent petroleum ether and were also superior to those of the other extraction methods, such as heating and combination of heating and stirring. Furthermore, using the macroporous resin HPD-100, the recoveries of the five target macamides from the DES extraction reached 85.62-92.25%. The 20 μg/mL group of the five macamide extracts showed superior neuroprotective activity against PC12 cell injury than that of the positive drug nimodipine. The macamide extracts also showed higher NO inhibition in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Thus, the developed approach was a green and potential alternative that can be used to extract bioactive macamide constituents from L. meyenii in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

A green and designable natural deep eutectic solvent-based supramolecular solvents system: Efficient extraction and enrichment for phytochemicals

A green, novel and designable natural deep eutectic solvent-based supramolecular solvents/equilibrium solution (NADES-SUPRAS/EqS) was developed, which possesses better stability and free designability with a wider range of synthesis while compared to the typical alkyl carboxylic acid-based SUPRAS. The physicochemical properties and specific synthesis patterns of NADES-SUPRAS/EqS had been investigated. In addition, a more intelligent solvent regulated synthesis system had been developed to prepare corresponding supramolecular systems according to different polarity target phytochemicals through tailoring the components of synthetic NADES-SUPRAS/EqS. During the NADES-SUPRAS extraction of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. leaves (ZBML), 18 kinds of NADES were screened and the proportion of NADES as well as the ethanol content were varied tailor. After tailoring, all of the extracted chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, rutin, as well as 91.775 % of hyperin, 94.940 % isoquercetin and 84.405 % quercetin were distributed in the EqS phase while all of the hydroxy-α-sanshool (HAS) were distributed in the NADES-SUPRAS phase. Furthermore, NADES-SUPRAS/EqS extraction rate reached 9.741 mg/g, which were 7.604-fold, 2.352-fold, 1.141-fold, and 1.384-fold to that of water, ethanol, 70 % ethanol and methanol extraction, respectively. The excellent extraction and separation effects were due to the large number of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic forces. Dynamic multi-stage countercurrent extraction combined with water and macroporous resin recovery enabled significant cost reductions and rapid recovery of chemical components and solvents. This novel solvent could be intelligently designed and be of great significance for the extraction of different polarity phytochemicals from plants.

Heterofunctional Methacrylate Beads Bearing Octadecyl and Vinyl Sulfone Groups: Tricks to Obtain an Interfacially Activated Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus and Covalently Attached to the Support

Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) has been immobilized on a methacrylate macroporous resin coated with octadecyl groups (Purolite Lifetech®® ECR8806F). This immobilization protocol gave a biocatalyst with significantly higher stability than that obtained using octyl agarose. To further improve the biocatalyst features, we tried to covalently immobilize the enzyme using this support. For this purpose, the support was activated with divinyl sulfone. The results showed that at least 1/3 of the immobilized enzyme molecules were not covalently immobilized. To solve the problem, we produced an aminated support and then activated it with divinyl sulfone. This permitted the full covalent immobilization of the previously immobilized TLL. The use of different blocking agents as the reaction endpoint (using ethylenediamine, Asp, Gly, and Cys) greatly altered the biocatalyst functional features (activity, specificity, or stability). For example, the blocking with ethylenediamine increased the ratio of the activity versus R- and S-methyl mandelate by a three-fold factor. The blocking with Cys produced the most stable biocatalyst, maintaining close to 90% of the activity under conditions where the just adsorbed enzyme maintained less than 55%. That way, this strategy to modify the support has permitted obtaining an enzyme interfacially activated versus the octadecyl layer and, later, covalently immobilized by reaction with the vinyl sulfone groups.

Design and development of laboratory scale batch type device for debittering of bitter citrus juice

AbstractDebittering of citrus juice has long been a stumbling challenge for the juice processing industries. The current debittering technique employs the adsorption of bitter compounds, which is reported to reduce a significant amount of vital nutrients, resulting in considerably lower antioxidant activity. Thus, in the present study, we are reporting a batch‐type laboratory‐scale debittering device using an interdigitated electrode (IDE), macroporous resin, and enzyme. Three different types of devices were developed. The first device was developed by adsorbing naringinase onto a macroporous resin and then being deposited on an IDE patterned printed circuit board (PCB) substrate. The second device was fabricated by the deposition of activated resin on IDE (an AR‐based device), while the third device was developed by depositing nonactivated resin on IDE (a NAR‐based device). The performance of the devices was evaluated by debittering the pomelo juice. It was observed that the device efficiently debitter 70–100 ml of juice in a batch manner. The juice was treated for 160 min at 60°C to determine the optimum time for a minimum level of naringin with the maximum retention of vital nutrients. A decreased level of naringin (53.06%) and increased naringenin content (16.19 ppm) were noticed with an increased time of exposure. Juice treated for 100 min had a significantly lower amount of naringin (39%), with maximum retention of vital nutrients. Contrary to this, juice treated with AR and NAR debittering devices reduced 32 and 19.65% of the naringin in 5 min with a maximum loss of bioactive compounds. The present study concludes that the fabricated debittering device reduced the bitterness up to a certain level with the minimum loss of other vital nutrients. Further study is needed to increase the handling capacity of juice and to study the storage stability of treated juice.Practical ApplicationBitterness has long been a stumbling barrier to the commercial acceptance of citrus juice. There are limited studies that can monitor the elimination of bitter components from citrus juices. The current attempt investigates the development of a debittering device that can easily monitor the level of bitterness during the debittering process of bitter citrus fruit. The easy fabrication process, reusability of the proposed device, and cost factor could be an alternative way to boost the commerciality of underutilized citrus fruits. The developed technology has a strong potential to scale up, as the cost is minimal and the design of the setup is very simple.

Process optimization of deep eutectic solvent-based microwave-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen using response surface methodology

Total flavonoids were extracted from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS) by applying microwave-assisted extraction with low eutectic solvent (DES) as the extractant. This study investigated the effect of 21 different components of DES on the yield of total flavonoids in ZSS. The results revealed that the DES system, which consists of choline chloride and lactic acid with a molar ratio of 2:1, achieved the best flavonoid extraction efficiency. Based on the single-factor test, response surface methodology was used to optimize and determine the optimal process conditions for the extraction of total flavonoids from ZSS with deep eutectic solvent. The maximum flavonoids yields were achieved at 36.24 mg/g within the 50% DES water content, a microwave power of 600 W, a microwave time of 60 s, a liquid-solid ratio of 1:28 mg/mL, an extraction time of 66 min, and an extraction temperature of 93 °C. The macroporous resin was used to recover flavonoids from extracts. The DM130 resin showed higher adsorption/desorption performance. The total flavonoids of ZSS were extracted using the recovered DES with a yield of 32.58 mg/g and a high reusability of 89.9%.